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Dr Philipp Koeker explains how elite interviews differ from other interviews, and he offers suggestions for success. He identifies elite characteristics, access difficulties, power challenges, and reliability.

Childhood obesity is a public health problem that is increasing at an alarming rate. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) by 2056, the number of school-age children and adolescents aged 5-19 with obesity would rise from 11 million to 124 million (WHO, 2021). Today 1 in 5 children in America suffer from obesity with 1 in 4 adults being too heavy to be eligible to enlist in the military (WHO, 2021). The aim of this research is focused on exploring the use of Motivational Interviewing (MI) as a tool to help reduce obesity amongst the adolescent population aged 12-19 years. MI is defined as an effective nonjudgmental, patient-centered counseling approach to losing weight that can be delivered by a non-mental health provider. Decreasing the trend of childhood obesity in adolescents' results in better physical health and broader benefits for society. Obesity in children can cause impaired physical and mental challenges. It increases a child's risk for cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes as well as lower self-esteem and being at a greater risk for bullying. Through the utilization of MI, nurses can empower patients by helping them manage their own care to build a healthier future and decrease childhood obesity.

The paper presents the activities of one of many Lithuanian NGOs—the Lithuanian Red Cross Society (hereinafter—"LRCS"). The goal of the study to analyse: the contribution of the LRCS to the reduction of poverty and social exclusion in Lithuania. To reach this goal, the following tasks have been presented: to study the spread of poverty and social segregation in Lithuania; to analyse the role of the NGO in social care provisioning aimed towards alleviating poverty and social segregation; to identify the practical LRCS activity problems; to state the target LRCS activity groups, i.e. care takers' specifics. The problem of research: LRCS activity does not satisfy the care takers' needs. The methods of the analysis are research literature, statistical data, sociological studies results; multiple reports analysis have been applied in the paper, while targeting to scrutinize the spread of poverty and social exclusion in Lithuania; to analyse the role of the NGO in social care provisioning, aimed towards alleviating poverty and social segregation. Quantitative study results have allowed the identification of the problems of the main practical activities of LRCS and the target groups for the activities of LRCS, namely: the specifics of recipients of services. Also efforts were made to find the answer as to why LRCS is unable to satisfy the needs of the recipients of their services. The interview method for information acquisition has been applied: questionnaires have been designed for both LRCS employees and recipients of LRCS services. Research literature analysis and statistical data show that the level of poverty and social exclusion in the recent decade has not been reduced. Recent studies prove that poverty and social segregation is one of the top social problems, and that the role of NGOs in poverty reduction and alleviation of social segregation, by providing social services, is unconditionally essential. During the quantitative analysis, it was found that uncertainty on the activities of LRCS and a lack of professional knowledge was possessed by its employees. Also, both cooperation with governmental organizations and the lack of support from them compounded the main problems on the activity of LRCS. The following specifics of the recipients of services are defined: low education, passivity, unemployment, lack of income, begging LRCS for financial help. ; Nemažėjantis, o priešingai, nuolat augantis skurdas – Lietuvoje 2000 m. skurdo apie 16 proc. žmonių, o 2010 m. – jau 20,2 proc. – leidžia daryti prielaidą, kad, nepaisant visų valstybės priemonių, skurdo problema vis dar neefektyviai sprendžiama ir reikalauja visos visuomenės sutelktų pastangų. Valstybės teikiamų paslaugų nepakankamumas skatina įtraukti į socialinių paslaugų teikimą nevyriausybines organizacijas (NVO), nes tiesiogiai iš žmonių poreikių kylanti jų veikla pasižymi lankstumu ir partneryste. Jos dažnai sprendžia tokias nepopuliarias socialines problemas, kurioms viešoji valdžia ir politikai skiria nepakankamai arba visai neskiria jokio dėmesio. Sraipsnio tyrimo objektas – vienos seniausių Lietuvos NVO – Lietuvos Raudonojo Kryžiaus draugijos (LRKD) veikla. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti LRKD veiklą prisidedant prie skurdo ir socialinės atskirties mažinimo Lietuvoje. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros, dokumentų ir statistinių duomenų analizė, anketinė apklausa. Tyrimas atliktas 2011 m. Apklausoje dalyvavo 53 LRKD darbuotojai ir 333 paslaugų gavėjai. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad LRKD neabejotinai prisideda prie skurdo ir atskirties mažinimo, ir padėjo identifikuoti pagrindines draugijos veiklos problemas: LRKD darbuotojų teorinių žinių trūkumą, veiklos neapibrėžtumą, individualizuotų veiklos planų skyriuose nebuvimą, lėšų trūkumą, mažą draugijos narių skaičių, bendradarbiavimo su kitomis organizacijomis ir valstybinių institucijų palaikymo stoką. LRKD paslaugų gavėjų anketinės apklausos rezultatai leido nustatyti šios tikslinės grupės dominuojančius ypatumus: vidurinį ir žemesnį išsilavinimą, nedalyvavimą darbo rinkoje, pasyvumą, nepasitikėjimą, neigiamas asmenines nuostatas; žinių apie LRKD bei jos teikiamas paslaugas trūkumą; pajamų šaltinio neturėjimą arba gaunamų pašalpų nepakankamumą. LRKD pagrindinių praktinės veiklos problemų atskleidimas bei paslaugų gavėjų ypatumų nustatymas leidžia ieškoti efektyvių problemų sprendimo būdų, padidinti LRKD socialinių paslaugų teikimo veiksmingumą bei kokybę.

Many participants in conflict have experienced it through mediations of meaning between languages, and whole categories of participants have even often gone unnoticed in the study of war because of the historic 'invisibility' of languages and translation. Where archival methods often fall short in researching their experiences, and observational methods are infeasible, interviewing may help researchers get as close as possible to such participants' memories—yet produces new narratives which are co-constructed between interviewer and interviewee, rather than direct access to their experiences of conflict. This chapter explores these issues by reflecting on interviews about peacekeeping in Bosnia-Herzegovina conducted for the Languages at War project in 2008–2011, through themes of narrative and memory, interview methodology, and positionality, including the boundaries of 'military'/'civilian' identities.

This study aims to reflect on qualitative interviewing with a particular emphasis on semi-structured interviewing (SSI), with the purpose of guiding students and young scholars of International Relations and Political Science who will use this method in their research. This study begs to differ from both radical postpositivist's deep scepticism which makes any scientific inquiry almost impossible as well as from positivism's unreflective, unproblematized, instrumental approach to interviewing. It proposes a reflectivist approach to qualitative interviewing that emphasizes the political nature of the interviewing process with various political, ethical and even social consequences. The reflectivist approach requires researchers to be self-critical at all times, in particular concerning their role and influence on the interview setting and the interviewee. This article proceeds as follows: It first addresses my own research on the nexus between civil society and the Kurdish question in Turkey, where SSI has been operationalized as the main research method. It then addresses the positivist and post-positivist debates on qualitative interviewing as well as the reflectivist approach that this study promotes. The article then engages in SSI in three distinct stages: pre-interview, interview and post-interview phases. Finally, the concluding part introduces some works utilising interviewing in Turkish IR and wraps up the theoretical/ methodological arguments disseminated throughout the study at hand.

peer-reviewed ; This thesis examines the role of investigative interviewing in the Irish criminal justice system. Investigative interviewing covers all aspects of speaking to persons, in the course of a criminal investigation, to obtain from them all pertinent information that he or she may have in his or her possession. Such investigative interviewing therefore also applies to the witnesses and victims of crime. Though all aspects of investigative interviewing are examined in this thesis, it is primarily concerned with the interviewing of criminal suspects. It will be argued that a major paradigm shift occurred with the introduction of the Criminal Justice Act 1984 in Ireland. This Act created, for the first time, the legal architecture necessary to question those suspected of involvement in serious crime. This changed the stated purpose of an arrest from a mechanism to bring a person speedily before the courts to one were an arrest became an integral part of the police criminal investigation. Alongside this legislation, new provisions provided safeguards to protect those brought in for questioning. The Irish police, An Garda Síochána, received no additional training to address this change of function. As a result of the Morris Tribunal, it was established that Gardaí received very little instruction in obtaining witness, victim or suspect statements. This thesis will examine two alternative police interview models in order to evaluate the interview model adopted by the Gardaí. This has resulted in a well-designed interview model that is appropriate in the majority of interview situations. To ensure its successful implementation into practice requires a committed training programme. Training began in 2014 and is on-going throughout the organisation. However, some training aspects have been considerably shortened and previous experience suggests that even well designed programmes can fail to deliver their objectives because of issues with training. Consequently, legislation may often itself fail in its stated ...

The starting point for this article is a contribution to qualitative research methodology published in 1981 called 'Interviewing women: A contradiction in terms?' This was based on the experience of interviewing women in a longitudinal study of the transition to motherhood – the Becoming a Mother (BAM) study (1974–79) – and was subsequently much cited as helping to establish a new paradigm of feminist research. This article re-appraises the arguments put forward in 'Interviewing women', discusses its incorporation into a narrative about feminist methodology and presents and comments on new data collected in a follow-up to the BAM study conducted 37 years later. It argues that the complex political and social relationship between researcher and researched cannot easily be fitted into a paradigm of 'feminist' research, and that the concepts of a gift and of friendship as components in this relationship deserve more attention.

In this article Pere Marqués, Professor of Technology, is interviewed, who explains his point of view on the introduction of ICT in the classroom, the benefits that contribute to the teaching and learning process and ICT in the current legislation. ; En este artículo se entrevista a Pere Marqués, Catedrático de Tecnología, quien explica su punto de vista sobre la introducción de las TIC en el aula, los beneficios que aportan al proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje y las TIC en la legislación vigente.

Recent research has demonstrated that the way in which interviewers reveal information/evidence to interviewees/suspects can produce noticeable differences between truthful and deceptive verbal statements. However, very little of this research has involved adolescents. In the present study, 12 to 14 year old adolescents were asked to commit (n = 26) or not to commit (n = 26) a mock crime and at interview to deny involvement in this crime. Prior to interview some information about each adolescent's behaviour was made available to the interviewer but this was not enough to enable determination of whether he or she had committed the crime. The interviewer revealed such information either at the beginning of the interview (the 'traditional method'), at the end of the interview (as pioneered by the 'SUE' technique), or gradually. The interviews were analysed for interviewees' 'evidence omissions' and 'statement-evidence contradictions'. As predicted, liars omitted more crime-related information/details and their statements were significantly more inconsistent with the information/evidence known to/disclosed by the interviewer. The timing of the interviewer's evidence revelation had a significant effect on liars' mentioning during their free recall of some of this information and on the total number of details mentioned in free recall. ; Peer-reviewed ; Publisher Version

The Children's Law Center designed this information packet for law enforcement officers and child abuse investigators involved in the investigation of child maltreatment including physical and sexual abuse. This information packet provides general information and resources on interviewing children who are suspected victims of physical or sexual abuse.

Facebook is increasingly used for recruiting research participants, especially for quantitative studies and in research in the field of health. Migration scholars have also noticed its potential. This article aims to discuss the use of the online social network for recruiting respondents for qualitative interviews with migrants. It is based on a review of the literature and a recently completed research project with 73 Polish migrants to four other countries of the European Union: the UK, Germany, Ireland and the Netherlands. The use of Facebook for recruitment brought huge benefits: it allowed for access to a wide range of respondents, both in terms of geographic location and access to people who would not have agreed to an interview in person. Challenges concerned the representativeness of members of Polish Facebook groups, technical issues, and threats to the privacy of the respondents. The article also discusses the benefits and difficulties linked with conducting interviews online through communicators such as Skype or Facebook Messenger.

Facebook is increasingly used for recruiting research participants, especially for quantitative studies and in research in the field of health. Migration scholars have also noticed its potential. This article aims to discuss the use of the online social network for recruiting respondents for qualitative interviews with migrants. It is based on a review of the literature and a recently completed research project with 73 Polish migrants to four other countries of the European Union: the UK, Germany, Ireland and the Netherlands. The use of Facebook for recruitment brought huge benefits: it allowed for access to a wide range of respondents, both in terms of geographic location and access to people who would not have agreed to an interview in person. Challenges concerned the representativeness of members of Polish Facebook groups, technical issues, and threats to the privacy of the respondents. The article also discusses the benefits and difficulties linked with conducting interviews online through communicators such as Skype or Facebook Messenger. ; Facebook jest coraz częściej wykorzystywany do rekrutowania uczestników badań, szczególnie badań ilościowych i w dziedzinie zdrowia. Potencjał tej sieci zauważyli także badacze migracji. Celem artykułu jest przedyskutowanie użyteczności tej internetowej sieci społecznościowej do rekrutowania respondentów – migrantów do wywiadów jakościowych. Artykuł oparty jest na przeglądzie literatury oraz zakończonych niedawno badaniach z 73 polskimi migrantami do czterech innych krajów Unii Europejskiej: Zjednoczonego Królestwa, Niemiec, Irlandii i Holandii. Wykorzystanie Facebooka do rekrutacji przyniosło ogromne korzyści: pozwoliło na dostęp do szerokiej grupy respondentów, zarówno w sensie geograficznym, jak i dostęp do osób, które nie zgodziłyby się na wywiad osobisty. Wyzwania dotyczyły reprezentatywności polskich grup na Facebooku, pewnych kwestii technicznych, a także zagrożenia dla prywatności respondentów. Artykuł omawia także korzyści i trudności, które wynikły z przeprowadzania wywiadów przez komunikatory internetowe jak Skype i Facebook Messenger

Facebook is increasingly used for recruiting research participants, especially for quantitative studies and in research in the field of health. Migration scholars have also noticed its potential. This article aims to discuss the use of the online social network for recruiting respondents for qualitative interviews with migrants. It is based on a review of the literature and a recently completed research project with 73 Polish migrants to four other countries of the European Union: the UK, Germany, Ireland and the Netherlands. The use of Facebook for recruitment brought huge benefits: it allowed for access to a wide range of respondents, both in terms of geographic location and access to people who would not have agreed to an interview in person. Challenges concerned the representativeness of members of Polish Facebook groups, technical issues, and threats to the privacy of the respondents. The article also discusses the benefits and difficulties linked with conducting interviews online through communicators such as Skype or Facebook Messenger ; Facebook jest coraz częściej wykorzystywany do rekrutowania uczestników badań, szczególnie badań ilościowych i w dziedzinie zdrowia. Potencjał tej sieci zauważyli także badacze migracji. Celem artykułu jest przedyskutowanie użyteczności tej internetowej sieci społecznościowej do rekrutowania respondentów – migrantów do wywiadów jakościowych. Artykuł oparty jest na przeglądzie literatury oraz zakończonych niedawno badaniach z 73 polskimi migrantami do czterech innych krajów Unii Europejskiej: Zjednoczonego Królestwa, Niemiec, Irlandii i Holandii. Wykorzystanie Facebooka do rekrutacji przyniosło ogromne korzyści: pozwoliło na dostęp do szerokiej grupy respondentów, zarówno w sensie geograficznym, jak i dostęp do osób, które nie zgodziłyby się na wywiad osobisty. Wyzwania dotyczyły reprezentatywności polskich grup na Facebooku, pewnych kwestii technicznych, a także zagrożenia dla prywatności respondentów. Artykuł omawia także korzyści i trudności, które wynikły z przeprowadzania wywiadów przez komunikatory internetowe jak Skype i Facebook Messenger

The epistemic interview is a conversational practice, which aims to generate knowledge by subjecting respondents' beliefs to dialectical tests of reasons. Developed by Svend Brinkmann, this model draws inspiration from Socratic dialogues where the interviewer asks confronting questions to press respondents to articulate the normative bases of their views. In this article, the author argues that Brinkmann's model is a valuable methodological innovation but warrants further development. The author suggests that the epistemic interview can be put on a stronger methodological footing when the Socratic model is complemented by developments in democratic theory, particularly its deliberative variety. Translating deliberative democratic virtues to methodological terms addresses some of the epistemic model's gaps, including an account of the dynamic of knowledge production and the ethical norms that govern this method. To illustrate the practice of epistemic interviewing, the author draws on her experience in interviewing junior military officers.

The epistemic interview is a conversational practice, which aims to generate knowledge by subjecting respondents' beliefs to dialectical tests of reasons. Developed by Svend Brinkmann, this model draws inspiration from Socratic dialogues where the interviewer asks confronting questions to press respondents to articulate the normative bases of their views. In this article, the author argues that Brinkmann's model is a valuable methodological innovation but warrants further development. The author suggests that the epistemic interview can be put on a stronger methodological footing when the Socratic model is complemented by developments in democratic theory, particularly its deliberative variety. Translating deliberative democratic virtues to methodological terms addresses some of the epistemic model's gaps, including an account of the dynamic of knowledge production and the ethical norms that govern this method. To illustrate the practice of epistemic interviewing, the author draws on her experience in interviewing junior military officers.