Suchergebnisse

This article analyses the way Portuguese diplomacy worked trough NATO to defend the regime's colonial policy, as well as the obstacles it faced during the 1960's after the beginning of the armed conflict in Angola. It also emphasizes the role of Kennedy & Johnson administrations in the Atlantic Alliance & in the Portuguese foreign policy development as well as the allies' perception on Portuguese behavior. Adapted from the source document.

Saudi Arabia's international influence relies on two factors: its role as the guardian of the holy cities of Mecca & Medina since the 1920's & its control of the world's largest known oil reserves, located in the Eastern part of the kingdom. The September 11 terrorist attacks put Saudi Arabia at the centre of world attention for yet another reason: fifteen of the nineteen suicide terrorists that crashed against the Twin Towers & the Pentagon were Saudis & Osama bin Laden is also a Saudi. This has created unprecedented tensions in the historic alliance between Washington & Riyadh. Saudi Arabia is at a crossroad & this is a good moment to look into the rules & the power struggles that will dominate the succession in the House of Saud. Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.

This article analyzes the interaction between the two giants of the Western Hemisphere on the bilateral, regional and global contexts. The first section presents a brief historical overview of how relations between the two countries have evolved. There follows an analysis of Brazilian foreign policy under the Lula administration. A third section explores the dynamics of US-Brazilian relations and assesses the potential for greater bilateral collaboration. The conclusion speculates on the prospects for transforming the current ?relationship? into a partner-ship. Adapted from the source document.

The American & European visions of the main goals of NATO are distinctive since its formation in 1949. The revision of the strategic concept in 1991 & 1999, & the document of 2006 show us the adjustments that the organization has had to make facing the changes in the international system. The evaluation of NATO's tendency through the last sixty years allows concluding that NATO should grow to a political organization, support of a privileged understanding between Europe & America. Adapted from the source document.

Since the 1970's, with the European Communities first enlargement & the accession of Denmark, Ireland & the United Kingdom, two visions of Europe have dominated the debate on the European project: on the one hand, the "French vision" of a European state that should become an international pole of power & where the nations would submit to central collective government; on the other, the "English vision" of a Europe with economic, trade & financial power, a pole of stability the security of which should be embedded in the transatlantic alliance. In the past there was no real participation in the process of European integration but this "sleepwalking" has come to an end with the choice of the referenda as the method for the ratification of the Constitutional Treaty. Adapted from the source document.

Nicholas Spykman once wrote that "the remarkable similarity of the geographic position of the United States in regard to Europe & Asia (was) not paralleled by a similarity in political relations." This pattern was confirmed in World War II & the Cold War & seems to persist in the post-Cold War. The United States consolidated its alliance with Western Europe in the Atlantic Alliance but there is no comparable multilateral framework in Asia although relations with Japan, India & China, increasingly at the center of American interests, need it in order to become more stable & predictable. Adapted from the source document.

Considering the extraordinary economic growth experienced by China in recent years, especially after its entry into the World Trade Organization, this essay on the Sino-Brazilian relationship will, while analyzing the historical process in its different dimensions, attempt to determine, on one hand, whether current relations may still be understood from the perspective of South-South cooperation, and, on the other, whether the Chinese economic boom may be defining a new, much more competitive than cooperative relationship. Adapted from the source document.

The Greater Middle East is simultaneous a key-region to NATO security interests as well as one of its great challenges. From the AfPak to the Maghreb, from Iran to Palestine, there are too many issues for the Alliance to stand aside. This article defends a strengthening of NATO's strategic focus on the Greater Middle East, but points out some shortcomings in the approach of the report Albright. The inevitability of this strategic region for Euro-Atlantic area needs to be addressed by the uncertainty of Turkish foreign policy, not only as a relevant NATO member, but also as a preeminent & determinant regional power. Adapted from the source document.

This article argues that there is a confluence between the US National Security Strategy & the "Report Albright." Both documents converge in what concern the US sought to have a lesser active role in the international system, & in the idea that if the Alliance's member states accept the proposals of the "Report Albright," NATO will be a fundamental stage to redefine the international order rules, as well as will acquire a pivotal entity role regarding the relations with international organizations & emerging powers. Adapted from the source document.

The present article endeavors to establish the relation between ecology and political science and, through the study of Brazil's social formation, to explore the institutional difficulties connected with the emergence of ecopolitical alliances and the formulation of environmental and natural resource conservation policies in Brazil

For some commentators, the very notion of a transatlantic crisis is too optimistic. The transatlantic relation, for them, has lost both its centrality & its specific character with the end of the Cold War. Different Western countries have both convergent & divergent values & interests with each other, as well as with the rest of the world. In particular between the United States & Europe the trend is for divergences of views, priorities, & policies to be more & more acute. This article argues that the West is indeed broken, but not beyond fixing, that the central importance of America & Europe for each other has not disappeared & may well re-emerge spectacularly in front of new challenges, but that it is unlikely to lead to the harmonious cooperation of two coherent entities. Rather, a recovered unity of the West can only be based on an awareness of intra-American & intra-European & transnational or transcontinental divisions & of common external or universal challenges. Adapted from the source document.