The dynamics of cooperation between the European Union and Colombia in the realm of international cooperation can be characterized by a change from that of the "anarchy" caused by the uncertainty of the preferences of the cooperation policy-makers, to the one which leads to the establishment of a regulatory framework in the cooperation policy. This process reflects the conflict between the Colombian State and NGOs in theissue of what must be the focus of security as a central element of the peace process in Colombia.
This year, Argentina is commemorating both the 40th anniversary of the civic-military coup d'état, and the recuperation of institutionalism. From this complex setting, (focused on recuperation of democracy), this work aims atinquiring about certain continuities and ruptures which keep co-existing or "ruling" to the interior of the political re-socialization dynamics, in the institutional political life of many of our Universities. We are basically interested in debating, highlighting and decrystalizing power relations which may be captive, deeply rooted, or constrained to logics from the past or "old bad practices" policies. We are convinced that re-considering them -along with their logical correlates of action, omission, presence and absence in institutional life- keeps being a core issue that could lead to renew our commitment to institutions and democracy ; Este año Argentina está conmemorando su cuarenta aniversario del golpe cívico-militar así como treinta y tres años de la recuperación de la institucionalidad. A partir de este complejo escenario, el presente trabajo intentará indagar en torno de ciertas dinámicas de resocialización política que aún pueden identificarse como matrices recurrentes para habitar la vida política institucional en la Universidad. Nos interesa fundamentalmente debatir, iluminar y descristalizar relaciones de poder, identificar modos de operar allí donde estén cautivas y fuertemente anudadas, o bien estén constreñidas a lógicas heredadas del pasado o de viejas malas prácticas políticas. Estamos convencidos de que repensar las mismas y sus correlatos lógicos de acción, omisión, presencia y ausencia, inherentes con la vida institucional, sigue constituyéndose, hoy en día, un tema de agenda impostergable, capaz de contribuir a saldar deudas y renovar nuestro doble compromiso, con las instituciones y con la democracia.
2-s2.0-84929861429 ; Although Western historiography considered the Ottoman Empire as a marginal and antagonist factor, the Ottomans were an integral component of the history of Early Modem age. The conscientious policy of balance of power towards the Christian powers made Ottomans a crucial element in the struggle for hegemony. The Franco-Turkish alliance that was established in the reigns of Francis I and Suleiman the Magnificent mainly depended on mutual enmity against Spanish hegemony in Europe. In the late sixteenth centwy, after the death of Hemy III the French Wars of Religion gave rise to a chaotic situation in which the Catholic King sought the opportunity to place France under its control. This could hare caused an irreversible change in the balance of power in the Mediterranean, an unacceptable situation for the geostrategic interests of the Ottoman sultans. The Ottoman Empire played a major role in the French foreign policy against Spanish claims during the different phases of the reign of Hemy IV. Even Clement VIII implicitly in strum entalized Ottoman-French friendship to strengthen both its own position as well as that of France with respect to the Spanish Monarchy. This article aims to demonstrate the limits and efficiencies of politics of alliance in the transition from the sixteenth to the seventeenth centwy considering the role of England and the Republic of Venice.
Este artículo analiza la política europea desarrollada por el Gobierno de José Luís Rodríguez Zapatero desde su elección en marzo de 2004 hasta mediados de 2007. A lo largo de estos tres años, muy marcados por la crisis constitucional de la Unión Europea, el Gobierno del PSOE ha buscado definir una agenda y unas alianzas propias y diferenciadas del anterior Gobierno del PP. En primer lugar, la nueva política europea se ha caracterizado por el mantenimiento del pragmatismo, la normalización del disenso y la búsqueda de la recuperación de las alianzas con Francia y Alemania. En segundo lugar, el Gobierno ha tenido que adaptar el sí español al Tratado Constitucional de la UE, aprobado por referéndum, al nuevo contexto de una Unión ampliada en el que se ha negociado el todavía difuso Tratado de Reforma de la UE. Y, finalmente, España también ha influido en aquellos ámbitos en los cuales la Unión más ha avanzado recientemente (política migratoria, energética y de defensa).
This study explores the motivations and the ways in which indigenous communities and their chiefs articulated themselves to the Quito counterrevolution, between 1809 and 1814. It seeks to highlight and problematize relations between the local elite and the indigenous population during the revolutionary period, turning away from teleological readings that exalt the construction of the nation. From the analysis of specific cases there is evidence that loyalty to the king, as a result of a response to "juntismo", of the early 19th Century, was a political and practical option for the indigenous population of the Audiencia de Quito. ; Este estudio explora las motivaciones y las formas en que las comunidades indígenas y sus caciques se articularon a la contrarrevolución quiteña, entre 1809 y 1814. Se busca visibilizar y problematizar las relaciones entre la elite criolla y la población indígena durante el período revolucionario, apartándose de las lecturas teleológicas que exaltan la construcción de la nación. A partir del análisis de casos específicos se evidencia que el realismo, surgido como respuesta al "juntismo", de inicios del siglo XIX, fue una opción política y práctica para la población indígena de la Audiencia de Quito
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the unintended political effects of economic interdependence among South American members of the Alliance of the Pacific by tracing the evolution of their mutual trade in relation to the intensity of their military competitive dynamics from 2001 to 2015. Two measurement instruments are use: an intra-regional trade index based on commerce data, and a coordination index based on arms purchases. The question is if the formation of the Alliance and trade relations now embedded in it have had any effect on the cooperation-conflict political balance. Issues concerning the method are discuss as well as the implications of the research for the intertheory debate. Last section is dedicate to discuss briefly the historical understanding of regional conflicts and normative aims of regional integration. ; El texto aborda los posibles efectos políticos no intencionados de la interdependencia económica entre los miembros sudamericanos de la Alianza del Pacífico examinando el desarrollo de sus relaciones comerciales en relación con la intensidad de sus dinámicas militares de competencia entre 2001 y 2015. Se emplean dos instrumentos de medición: un índice de comercio intragrupal basado en datos de comercio exterior y un índice de coordinación basado en datos de compras militares. Los resultados permiten observar si la creación de la Alianza del Pacífico y el comercio intragrupal han tenido efecto en el carácter de las relaciones políticas. Se discuten los alcances y limitaciones del método y las implicancias de la investigación para el debate inter-teórico. Finalmente, se discuten brevemente el carácter histórico de la conflictividad y los rasgos normativos del integracionismo regional.
The ideological basis on which pan-Arabist nationalism was sustained is criticized & the possibility of a new regional integration process that could be an alternative scheme of Arabic unity is considered. Requirements that such an integration process must meet in order to be suitable in the Middle East are analyzed. A possible scenario of cooperation that could shape a regional reorganization of the Arab world is constructed. Adapted from the source document.
The economic, political and social realities of Latin America have undergone particularly profound transformations in recent decades. This paper summarizes the main trends in international relations in Latin America. Specifically, it reviews the most important links that the countries of the region have with the rest of the world and with each other, in order to determine their external priorities and, above all, the changes that have taken place in this area. Mentioning the main elements of continuity and change in each case will also allow us to detect the common and more general features present in all the external relations of the region. ; Las realidades económicas, políticas y sociales de América Latina han conocido transformaciones particularmente profundas durante las últimas décadas. En este trabajo se resumen las principales tendencias de las relaciones internacionales de América Latina. Concretamente, se pasa revista a las vinculaciones más importantes que mantienen los países de la región con el resto del mundo y entre ellos mismos, con el objeto de determinar sus prioridades externas y, sobre todo, los cambios que se han producido en este terreno. La mención de los principales elementos de continuidad y de cambio en cada caso nos permitirá igualmente detectar los rasgos comunes y más generales presentes en la totalidad de las relaciones externas de la región.
This article summarizes the results of research contacted for the undergraduate thesis in history «Ecuador in colombian politics interets, 1830-1884.» The article shows how the wars between liberals and conservatives significantly influenced the relations between the tow contries through alliances and armed expeditions during the conflicts. Such alliances became a recurrent practice of the political parties throughout the nineteenth century. ; .
