Suchergebnisse

Investing is the conversion of available savings to a specific asset, usually shares, bonds, real estate or investment fund units, with a simple purpose of increasing the amount of money invested in the future. Investments have several types, which are divided according to certain features: according to the investor's influence on the entity, according to the investor's permanent residence, according to the investor status, according to the investment object. Investment policy is often defined institutional investors including, where everything is more or less regulated. State investment policy is formulated in the program of activities of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, taking into account economic and social-economic development forecasts of the Republic of Lithuania Investor's rights and protection, cooperation between the investor and the investment firms determine the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive.

Investing is the conversion of available savings to a specific asset, usually shares, bonds, real estate or investment fund units, with a simple purpose of increasing the amount of money invested in the future. Investments have several types, which are divided according to certain features: according to the investor's influence on the entity, according to the investor's permanent residence, according to the investor status, according to the investment object. Investment policy is often defined institutional investors including, where everything is more or less regulated. State investment policy is formulated in the program of activities of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, taking into account economic and social-economic development forecasts of the Republic of Lithuania Investor's rights and protection, cooperation between the investor and the investment firms determine the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive.

Trapelano da qualche mese notizie sulla negoziazione di un accordo di libero scambio fra Unione europea e Stati Uniti: il Trattato Transatlantico per il Commercio e gli Investimenti (TTIP). Il procedimento è circondato da un alone di segretezza: è democratica una gestione a porte chiuse, all'interno degli esecutivi, dove con le consultazioni si ovvia alla mancanza di discussione, partecipazione e trasparenza? Dopo una prima parte dell'intervento dedicata al commento delle procedure seguite, nei paragrafi successivi si esamina il contenuto del TTIP. In primo luogo si analizzano le linee di quella che si prospetta come una massiccia deregolamentazione, che potenzialmente incide, ed entra in collisione, con la tutela di diritti come la salute, l'ambiente e il lavoro. In secondo luogo, si ragiona degli effetti dell'introduzione del meccanismo di risoluzione delle controversie tra Stato e investitore, quale strumento di giustizia privata che rischia di eludere le ordinarie vie giurisdizionali e limitare la potestà normativa degli Stati. Il TTIP – si osserva in conclusione – pare inserirsi, con una buona dose di spregiudicatezza, nel percorso che, in senso opposto alla limitazione del potere del costituzionalismo, restringe gli spazi di sovranità popolare e commissaria gli Stati nel nome della sovranità dei mercati. Since a few months ago transpire news as regards trade partnership between European Union and United States: the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). The process is surrounded by secrecy: is democratic a management behind closed doors, within the executive, where consultations replace discussion, participation and transparency? On the content, first problem is the massive deregulation, which potentially affects the protection of rights such as health, environment and labor. Secondly, analysis on the effects of investor-State dispute settlement shows that this mechanism of private justice could evade ordinary legal remedies and limit State legislative powers. The TTIP - in short - seems to fit, unscrupulousy, in the path which, against constitutionalism, restricts the spaces of popular sovereignty and commissions the States in the name of market economy.

Questo articolo affronta i limiti opponibili alla partecipazione democratica nelle relazioni internazionali. Il tema vuole, dunque, a) fornire qualche precisazione sui nomi e sulle cose di cui si tratta, e quindi che cosa si intende per democrazia partecipativa, su quali principi si fonda e con quali meccanismi si attua; b) riassumere lo stato dell'arte in ordine, da un lato, alle modalità attraverso cui il fenomeno partecipativo si manifestato e, dall'altro, ai risultati ottenuti dalla pressione democratica che reclama trasparenza nelle negoziazioni in corso del TTIP; c) individuare nel gioco del bilanciamento degli interessi pubblici, quale interesse, tra quello relativo alla trasparenza e quello alla segretezza, prevale nelle relazioni internazionali europee di natura commerciale

We analyze the role of the State in social investment (education, health services, etc.), different from those in infrastructures. We do so because, in the current economic and social situation, this type of investment, in addition to strengthening the European social model, could be particularly effective in creating new jobs. To test the link between social investment and employment we modify the Paolo Sylos Labini's employment equation model (MOSYL), inserting in the model social investment instead of those in infrastructures. The quantitative implementation is based on Eurostat data for the 28 EU countries, and the results are encouraging: the employment rate is strongly influenced by factors outside the labor market, which affect not only the general economic environment (represented by GDP), but also by elements linked to the social context, concerning the new forms of welfare. Text of the speech given at the conference "Paolo Sylos Labini e la politica delle riforme", held at Sapienza University of Rome on 04 December 2015, organized by the Accademia dei Lincei with Economia Civile.

This thesis analyses determinants that have influence on Venture Capital (VC) activity in Europe. Majority of previous researches used Jeng and Wells (2000) model, where VC demand (Investments) and supply (Raised Fund) side were tested, this model was applied to this research as well. The panel data analysis with fixed and random effects of 22 European countries period 2008 - 2018 was used for this paper and model was improved by introducing 18 new factors together with 9 selected from previous studies. Results revealed that fixed effects model were more appropriate to use in this research. Investment model revealed 9 significant factors: positive impact with GDP, Export, Starting Business, Scientific legislation and negative with 10Y Government bonds, FDI, Internet use, Patents and Protectionism. While Fund Raised model observed 5 significant determinants: positive connection with FDI and Corruption, while negative with Science employees, Patents and Corporate Tax. In previous studies variables were categorized in three sectors: macroeconomic, entrepreneurial and technological (Prohorovs & Pavlyuk, 2013). This model was improved by combining factors into the four sectors including also institutional sector. As a result 4 hypotheses were tested. 3 hypotheses find supported: Macroeconomic, Technological and Institutional variables had an effect on VC activity in European countries. Though, 1 hypothesis was rejected: Entrepreneurial variables did not have effect on European VC activity. These results highlight the importance of Macroeconomic, Technological and Institutional variables in Europe, while selected Entrepreneurial factors did not revealed significant impact (22 486 words).

This thesis analyses determinants that have influence on Venture Capital (VC) activity in Europe. Majority of previous researches used Jeng and Wells (2000) model, where VC demand (Investments) and supply (Raised Fund) side were tested, this model was applied to this research as well. The panel data analysis with fixed and random effects of 22 European countries period 2008 - 2018 was used for this paper and model was improved by introducing 18 new factors together with 9 selected from previous studies. Results revealed that fixed effects model were more appropriate to use in this research. Investment model revealed 9 significant factors: positive impact with GDP, Export, Starting Business, Scientific legislation and negative with 10Y Government bonds, FDI, Internet use, Patents and Protectionism. While Fund Raised model observed 5 significant determinants: positive connection with FDI and Corruption, while negative with Science employees, Patents and Corporate Tax. In previous studies variables were categorized in three sectors: macroeconomic, entrepreneurial and technological (Prohorovs & Pavlyuk, 2013). This model was improved by combining factors into the four sectors including also institutional sector. As a result 4 hypotheses were tested. 3 hypotheses find supported: Macroeconomic, Technological and Institutional variables had an effect on VC activity in European countries. Though, 1 hypothesis was rejected: Entrepreneurial variables did not have effect on European VC activity. These results highlight the importance of Macroeconomic, Technological and Institutional variables in Europe, while selected Entrepreneurial factors did not revealed significant impact (22 486 words).

The scientific literature emphasizes the importance of investment for business development, productivity and business value growth. The importance of corporate investment for the long-term growth of the country's economy is also emphasized. Companies operate in a constantly changing environment, so their decisions are affected not only by their financial situation, but also by external factors. Like corporate investment, taxes are important for business decisions and the country's economy. With the help of taxes, the government seeks to raise funds for the budget and regulate the economy. The relationship between corporate investment and taxation is widely discussed in the scientific literature but has not been fully explored. In the scientific literature the results of research on the relationship between corporate investment and taxation differ, therefore further analysis of this issue and empirical research are needed. The authors emphasize the importance of additional research of different sectors companies' investment and different taxes relationship. A better understanding of these links would enable fiscal policymakers and business managers to make better decisions that promote the growth of companies and national economies.

The blue economy is becoming the basis and the policy for new maritime technologies and sustainable maritime economic activity. According to the World Bank (2017), the challenges of the sustainable use of marine resources are related to the impact of climate change on rising sea levels, more frequent extreme weather events, and rising air temperatures. There is no doubt that this will have an impact on the performance of ocean-related business sectors. However, investment is needed for the blue economy to grow successfully. Financial institutions have an important role to play in financing sustainable projects. According to M. Janicka (2016: 27), financial institutions are usually associated with a policy of maximising profits rather than pursuing environmental action. However, there has been a change in the philosophy of these institutions, not only due to the increasing pressure on public authorities to take environmental issues into account, but also due to the changing attitudes of people in charge of financial institutions towards the environment. Investment decisions made by maritime businesses depend on many factors, but there is no doubt that successful profit-making should be reconciled with reducing resource intensity, making the development of the blue economy a modern-day pursuit. This may require significant investment from the public and private sectors. The term 'the blue economy' has been recognised for almost 15 years, but it is defined differently in various sources. R.E. Boschen-Rose et al. (2020: 835) define the concept of the blue economy as the sustainable use of ocean resources to promote economic growth, improve livelihoods, and enhance the state of ocean ecosystems. A. Alempijevi and A. Kovačic (2019: 97) describe the blue economy as a combination of sustainable development and green growth. Focus of the research: opportunities for sustainable investment in the development of the blue economy. Aim of the research: to identify sustainable investment opportunities in the development of the blue economy. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, systematisation, generalisation and analysis of statistical data. The study shows that the successful development of the blue economy requires sustainable investment, and therefore needs to be given high priority. The European Union has put measures in place to finance this investment, and is creating a favourable environment to facilitate and encourage public and private investment in the blue economy. The study has revealed that the concept of sustainable investment should be understood as the concerted effort by technological progress, research, business and governments to invest in projects that include social, economic and environmental dimensions. A statistical analysis of sustainable investment trends in the development of the blue economy has shown that sustainable investment has the potential to grow in the future, but it is important to take into account the impact on the blue economy of the Covid-19 pandemic.

The blue economy is becoming the basis and the policy for new maritime technologies and sustainable maritime economic activity. According to the World Bank (2017), the challenges of the sustainable use of marine resources are related to the impact of climate change on rising sea levels, more frequent extreme weather events, and rising air temperatures. There is no doubt that this will have an impact on the performance of ocean-related business sectors. However, investment is needed for the blue economy to grow successfully. Financial institutions have an important role to play in financing sustainable projects. According to M. Janicka (2016: 27), financial institutions are usually associated with a policy of maximising profits rather than pursuing environmental action. However, there has been a change in the philosophy of these institutions, not only due to the increasing pressure on public authorities to take environmental issues into account, but also due to the changing attitudes of people in charge of financial institutions towards the environment. Investment decisions made by maritime businesses depend on many factors, but there is no doubt that successful profit-making should be reconciled with reducing resource intensity, making the development of the blue economy a modern-day pursuit. This may require significant investment from the public and private sectors. The term 'the blue economy' has been recognised for almost 15 years, but it is defined differently in various sources. R.E. Boschen-Rose et al. (2020: 835) define the concept of the blue economy as the sustainable use of ocean resources to promote economic growth, improve livelihoods, and enhance the state of ocean ecosystems. A. Alempijevi and A. Kovačic (2019: 97) describe the blue economy as a combination of sustainable development and green growth. Focus of the research: opportunities for sustainable investment in the development of the blue economy. Aim of the research: to identify sustainable investment opportunities in the development of the blue economy. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, systematisation, generalisation and analysis of statistical data. The study shows that the successful development of the blue economy requires sustainable investment, and therefore needs to be given high priority. The European Union has put measures in place to finance this investment, and is creating a favourable environment to facilitate and encourage public and private investment in the blue economy. The study has revealed that the concept of sustainable investment should be understood as the concerted effort by technological progress, research, business and governments to invest in projects that include social, economic and environmental dimensions. A statistical analysis of sustainable investment trends in the development of the blue economy has shown that sustainable investment has the potential to grow in the future, but it is important to take into account the impact on the blue economy of the Covid-19 pandemic.

The blue economy is becoming the basis and the policy for new maritime technologies and sustainable maritime economic activity. According to the World Bank (2017), the challenges of the sustainable use of marine resources are related to the impact of climate change on rising sea levels, more frequent extreme weather events, and rising air temperatures. There is no doubt that this will have an impact on the performance of ocean-related business sectors. However, investment is needed for the blue economy to grow successfully. Financial institutions have an important role to play in financing sustainable projects. According to M. Janicka (2016: 27), financial institutions are usually associated with a policy of maximising profits rather than pursuing environmental action. However, there has been a change in the philosophy of these institutions, not only due to the increasing pressure on public authorities to take environmental issues into account, but also due to the changing attitudes of people in charge of financial institutions towards the environment. Investment decisions made by maritime businesses depend on many factors, but there is no doubt that successful profit-making should be reconciled with reducing resource intensity, making the development of the blue economy a modern-day pursuit. This may require significant investment from the public and private sectors. The term 'the blue economy' has been recognised for almost 15 years, but it is defined differently in various sources. R.E. Boschen-Rose et al. (2020: 835) define the concept of the blue economy as the sustainable use of ocean resources to promote economic growth, improve livelihoods, and enhance the state of ocean ecosystems. A. Alempijevi and A. Kovačic (2019: 97) describe the blue economy as a combination of sustainable development and green growth. Focus of the research: opportunities for sustainable investment in the development of the blue economy. Aim of the research: to identify sustainable investment opportunities in the development of the blue economy. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, systematisation, generalisation and analysis of statistical data. The study shows that the successful development of the blue economy requires sustainable investment, and therefore needs to be given high priority. The European Union has put measures in place to finance this investment, and is creating a favourable environment to facilitate and encourage public and private investment in the blue economy. The study has revealed that the concept of sustainable investment should be understood as the concerted effort by technological progress, research, business and governments to invest in projects that include social, economic and environmental dimensions. A statistical analysis of sustainable investment trends in the development of the blue economy has shown that sustainable investment has the potential to grow in the future, but it is important to take into account the impact on the blue economy of the Covid-19 pandemic.

The blue economy is becoming the basis and the policy for new maritime technologies and sustainable maritime economic activity. According to the World Bank (2017), the challenges of the sustainable use of marine resources are related to the impact of climate change on rising sea levels, more frequent extreme weather events, and rising air temperatures. There is no doubt that this will have an impact on the performance of ocean-related business sectors. However, investment is needed for the blue economy to grow successfully. Financial institutions have an important role to play in financing sustainable projects. According to M. Janicka (2016: 27), financial institutions are usually associated with a policy of maximising profits rather than pursuing environmental action. However, there has been a change in the philosophy of these institutions, not only due to the increasing pressure on public authorities to take environmental issues into account, but also due to the changing attitudes of people in charge of financial institutions towards the environment. Investment decisions made by maritime businesses depend on many factors, but there is no doubt that successful profit-making should be reconciled with reducing resource intensity, making the development of the blue economy a modern-day pursuit. This may require significant investment from the public and private sectors. The term 'the blue economy' has been recognised for almost 15 years, but it is defined differently in various sources. R.E. Boschen-Rose et al. (2020: 835) define the concept of the blue economy as the sustainable use of ocean resources to promote economic growth, improve livelihoods, and enhance the state of ocean ecosystems. A. Alempijevi and A. Kovačic (2019: 97) describe the blue economy as a combination of sustainable development and green growth. Focus of the research: opportunities for sustainable investment in the development of the blue economy. Aim of the research: to identify sustainable investment opportunities in the development of the blue economy. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, systematisation, generalisation and analysis of statistical data. The study shows that the successful development of the blue economy requires sustainable investment, and therefore needs to be given high priority. The European Union has put measures in place to finance this investment, and is creating a favourable environment to facilitate and encourage public and private investment in the blue economy. The study has revealed that the concept of sustainable investment should be understood as the concerted effort by technological progress, research, business and governments to invest in projects that include social, economic and environmental dimensions. A statistical analysis of sustainable investment trends in the development of the blue economy has shown that sustainable investment has the potential to grow in the future, but it is important to take into account the impact on the blue economy of the Covid-19 pandemic.