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The problem of a woman's role in an Islamic world evokes today a lot of emotions in the context, on one hand, of bigger and bigger sensibility of the world on the equality of rights of sex, and on the other wider presence of Muslim communities in cultures which are traditionally strange or directly reluctant to Islam.The author stipulates that her article is not an attempt of judging a woman's position in an Islamic world, but only a presentation how a woman's role in shown by the Quran and Islamic traditions in the womb of Muslim communities which have different tints dictated by legal or mental interpretations. Contemporary legislation of Islamic states has a fundamental place in the article.A figure of a woman appears in the text of Quran very often, even more often than in the Bible. However, a woman in the Quran appears rather as an impersonal form, without any specific name, and rather as an area of certain rules used towards her. A special exception is Blessed virgin, the Mother of Jesus whose name is repeated in the Quran more often than in Gospels. Muhammad appreciated a woman's value when he took her situation into consideration in times contemporary to him. He gave her what she did not have in that tribal culture of Arabic people e.g. equality in nature to a man, right to succeed, recognition of birth of a daughter as God's blessing.However, taking into consideration appropriate texts of the Quran showing a woman as a creature having her own dignity, created like a man by God, as well as texts of different traditions, or contemporary sharias, one thing cannot be given to a woman – the equality of rights.It is visible in many facts presented in the article, for example: religious admissibility, legal polygamy and its actual existence, practically a woman cannot take the first step to divorce, a woman cannot marry a non-Muslim, factual "belonging" of children to a father, and not to a father and mother, different levels of impossibility of gaining education depending on local legislation or customs, ...

La democrazia secondo l'impostazione occidentale euro-americana e il confronto con l'orientalismo, la dichiarazione dell'UNESCO sulla diversità culturale. La democrazia quale governo del potere pubblico e visibile. Il problema dell'educazione alla democrazia. Democrazia e potere invisibile. L'educazione alla democrazia, terrorismo e migrazioni. La democrazia nel confronto tra Oriente e Occidente, le peculiarità della Russia. Il conflitto russo-ucraino. Lo scisma che condusse alla separazione della cristianità ortodossa. L'enigma della Russia. La c.d. 'russofobia'e le sue motivazioni. Considerazioni finali relative all'attuazione di una democrazia. La convenzione dell'ONU e la posizione dell'Islam nei confronti delle donne. Democracy according to the Western Euro-American approach and the comparison with the Orientalism, the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity. Democracy as a government of public and visible power. The problem of education to democracy. Democracy and invisible power. Education to democracy, terrorism and migrations. Differences between East and West democracy, peculiarities of Russia's system. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The Schism that led to the separation of the Christian Orthodox and the Roman Church. The enigma of Russia. The "Russophobia" and its reasons. Final considerations about implementation of a democratic government. The UN Convention and the Islamic conception of women.

I 'foreign fighters' sono un gruppo estremamente eterogeneo di migliaia di persone che proviene da un centinaio di paesi in tutto il mondo. Questa ondata di miliziani si muove dai propri paesi di origine, o di immigrazione, per cercare di raggiungere altri estremisti radicali in Siria ed Iraq. Attualmente circa 30.000 persone hanno già raggiunto quelle terre dove nel 2014 è stato fondato il Califfato e tra morti in battaglia, bombardamenti e foreign fighters di ritorno ad oggi nello spazio compreso tra Siria ed Iraq ve ne potrebbero essere ancora circa dodicimila. Tra costoro circa 4-5.000 verrebbero dai Paesi dell'Unione Europea e quasi 3-4.000 da solamente Francia, Germania, Regno Unito e Belgio. Le cifre vanno prese con molta cautela e variano a seconda della fonte utilizzata. La variabilità dei dati è molto ampia anche per quanto concerne le cifre fornite sui rientri in Europa. Secondo le autorità italiane dovrebbero essere un migliaio circa. L'identikit che descrive i 'foreign fighters' provenienti dai Paesi europei è abbastanza chiaro: per lo più si tratta di soggetti giovani e di sesso maschile, ma le donne pare costituiscono una quota decisamente significativa del gruppo dei foreign fighters, vale a dire il 17%. Sono per lo più di origine maghrebina o balcanica ma non mancano quelli di origine asiatica. Soprattutto tra coloro, che provengono dal Regno Unito, il livello di istruzione e lo status socio-economico, generalmente basso, si fa più elevato. ; Foreign fighters (FF) are an extremely heterogeneous group composed of thousands of people from a hundred countries worldwide. This wave of militia moves from their countries of origin and immigration, to reach other radical extremists in Syria and Iraq, where in 2014 was established the Caliphate. About 30,000 FF have already reached these lands - - and at the present, after bombings and battles, and returns, around twelve thousand FF might still be in the region. Among them, about 4-5,000 are estimated to be from EU countries, of which 3-4,000 from France, Germany, United Kingdom and Belgium only. These figures should be taken with great caution, because they vary depending on the source used. The variability of the data is very wide with regard to figures on return waves to Europe Italian authorities estimate the number of FF that have already found their way back to Europe to be approximately one thousand. The profile of the FF coming from European countries is quite clear: they are mostly young males, although women seem to account for ~ 17% of total FFs. Their origin is mostly from North African or Balkan countries, but there are also those of Asian descent. Generally, the education level and socioeconomic status among FFs are generally low; interestingly however they seem higher among the United Kingdom's militias.