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Articles in this issue examine how experiences of shame, together with its effects on anger, are involved in maltreatment's sequelae. Authors identify mechanisms through which these emotions result from, and adversely affect, victims' concurrent and later adjustment. Using Leary's (1999) analysis of similar paradoxes in research concerning self-esteem, this commentary pinpoints dilemmas and consequences implied in this special issue regarding shame. These include whether shame should be accentuated as the central emotional mediator or moderator in maltreatment sequelae, inferring particular attributions, regulatory goals, or consequences based on extant measures of shame and construing these as outcomes or causes in maltreatment sequelae. Questions are raised concerning the diverse functions of shame, alone and in combination with anger or guilt, the steps needed to reveal these various functions, and their implications for therapeutic interventions with survivors of abuse. Adopting this approach acknowledges that expressions of shame may sometimes help victims negotiate relational hazards and treats shame as a signal or coeffect in maltreatment sequelae.

Despite a growing interest in gender differences in scientific careers, few studies have focused on the impact of research organization on researchers. This article offers a new approach to this issue by introducing bibliometric maps combined with sociological data and interviews, taking both the research organization and the experiences of the individual researcher into account. The results indicate that gender biases operate at various levels of the research organization and are often imbedded in seemingly gender-neutral processes and practices in the everyday working life of researchers.

This research note reports the results of an expert survey on party positions in Norway in 1998. This was a partial replication of the 1989 survey conducted by Laver and Hunt (1992). The survey results are used to describe important aspects of Norwegian party competition, including issue ownership and the dimensionality of the Norwegian political space. These results indicate that important elements of the centre-periphery cleavage are now much more aligned with the overall left-right dimension than was the case in 1989. The convergence of positions of the Socialist Left and Center parties is not surprising, given the extensive cooperation between them during the 1994 campaign debate on EU membership. The emphasis on non-material values in the 1997 campaign further contributed to the importance of moral issues for the second dimension in Norwegian politics. The mismatch between traditional party alliances and current party positions has made the process of government formation quite problematic.

"In a late interview, Foucault, suggested that Heidegger was for him the 'essential philosopher.' Taking this claim seriously, Mapping the Present assesses the relationship between these two thinkers, particularly on the issue of space and history. It suggests that space and history need to be rethought, and combined as a spatial history, rather than as a history of space. In other words, space should become not merely an object of analysis, but a tool of analysis. The first half of the book concentrates on Heidegger: from the early occlusion of space, through the politically charged readings of Nietzsche and Holderlin, to the later work on art, technology and the polis which accord equal status to issues of spatiality. Foucault's work is then rethought in the light of the analysis of Heidegger, and the project of a spatial history established through re-readings of his works on madness and discipline."--Bloomsbury Publishing

SummaryAs the law moves inexorably to a digital publication model in which books no longer play a role, the problem of how to continue to make the law available to all becomes more acute. Open access initiatives already exist, and more are on the way, but all are limited by their inability to provide more than self-indexed search options for their users. Self-indexing, although a powerful alternative to the traditional pre-indexed searching made possible by systems like West's "Key Number" digests, has inherent limitations which make it a poor choice as the sole means of researching the law. But developing a new pre-indexed legal digest would be a prohibitively expensive and complex undertaking, making it unlikely that open access legal information sites can develop and maintain a fully-implemented digesting approach to legal research. This article proposes a reconceptualization of the information already contained within most American judicial opinions in order to permit open access sites to offer a form of pre-indexed research to their users. By mapping a case's location in a graphical representation of the doctrinal development of an issue under consideration, this approach allows the court's citations to prior authority to act as a pre-indexing tool, allows the researcher to update the law by showing more recent cases that have cited to the target case, and gives the researcher the opportunity to trace network links in order to uncover connections between cases that might otherwise have been difficult to discern.

The article aims to map the process of transformation in the Korean 'developmental state' which is evolving into a new 'techno-scientific state'. In the past, the Korean 'developmental state' directed national economic development by decisively controlling the entire financial system. However, after successfully leading economic change for half a century, the role of the Korean state appears to be drastically diminished.The literature that deals with this issue tends to focus on the demise of the 'developmental state' and discusses the 'post-developmental minimalist state'. However, it clearly ignores the strategic role of the state in creating a distinct 'techno-scientific' ethos, which has been critical in enhancing Korea's industrial competitiveness in the face of the established Japanese and the emerging Chinese challenges.The hypothesis is that the linkages between techno-scientific and techno-industrial progress can be firmly established only by state power because (a) market forces can push innovation in the same or similar techno-industrial sector but not in a distinct techno-scientific sphere; (b) high uncertainty and high-risk factors constrain the ability of market actors to invent new techno-scientific frontiers.Theoretically, this article is sceptical about the rationale of the neo-liberal 'minimalist state' and argues for an enhanced but transformed role of the state in supporting the techno-scientific regime formation. It provides empirical evidence from the experiences of the transforming Korean state. This article argues that the vast policy experience of the Korean State in engineering the 'economic miracle on the Han River' can be utilised to establish a distinct techno-scientific regime that can help create a new techno-industrial sector.

Information technology's (IT) influence on formative contexts and on requisite leadership roles is conceptualized both as an enabling force for organizational networking and a reducing force for diversity in leadership functions and cultural contexts. The contemporary "New Age" leadership literature calls for personal and ideological leadership unencumbered by issues of cultural context, communicative complexities and the need for more comprehensive and sophisticated global social analysis. At the same time, this literature punctuates a noticeable indifference to the issue of strategic IT literacy on behalf of agency elites. A preoccupation with "lean and mean", unbridled managerial prerogatives, competitive rhetoric overstressing means at the expense of legitimate ends, business process re-engineering, downsizing, and IT-mediated globalization can be construed as an abject failure of agency elites to understand and protect distinctive competencies in governance and in organized action. Administrative theory urgently requires a renewed understanding of vulnerability and resilience in agency behavior and the need for renewed institutional and IT-literate leadership.

This paper develops an analytic framework for the ESPON 1.3.3 project "The Role and Spatial Effects of Cultural Heritage and Identity", started in December 2004 by a network of 12 European Universities under the leadership of Ca' Foscari University of Venice. The conceptual framework of this project lies on the assumption that the cultural heritage of Europe is not just an ensemble of tangible assets to be defended through passive conservation, but rather an element of dynamism of the territory, affecting trajectories of regional development. Thus the proper identification and valorisation of the cultural heritage of Europe is to be considered an integral component of regional planning, with the potential to increase cohesion within an enlarged European Union. The establishment of an "European identity", gaining from difference and variety, is also part of this vision. In this light, the ESPON 1.3.3 project sets out to highlight the spatial expressions and effects of heritage assets and identify the (existing or potential) elements of territorial coherence at the regional and local scale, mapping the geographical aspects that are actually strengthening regional identities and networks. This paper introduces a list of regional indicators of the European cultural heritage and identity, reflecting elements such as heritage availability, concentration and diversity, spatial patterns at the local and cross-regional level, local embeddedness of intangible heritage assets, pressures on- and potential for the development of heritage, and the governance structure of the heritage management institutions. Parameters are quantitative and qualitative observation allowing the "ordering" of the territory and thus the identification of regional typologies from the elaboration of different ordering criteria. Indicators will cover multiple dimensions regarding the supply, the demand and the spatial organisation of cultural heritage. Data cover the whole NUTS III regional delimitation. The issue of the territorial cohesion of cultural heritage assets is also addressed, considering the following multiple "dimensions" of the interconnection between different "objects" or carriers of meaning: hardware (the infrastructural system), software (images and actual uses), orgware (organizational networks) and shareware (partnerships that support the process of development). These elements are compiled in a framework or model used to analyse the territorial expressions of cultural heritage and identity.

Hans Ø – or Tartupaluk to the indigenous population of North-West Greenland – is a small steeply sided island in Nares Strait at c. 80°50´N. Charted in 1871 and named after Greenlander Hans Hendrik, it is one of five limestone islands forming an integral part of the Greenland Silurian succession. Rising less than 170 m above normally ice-infested waters, the 1.25 km2 island is physiographically far overshadowed by nearby Franklin Ø (Fig. 1). The island's notoriety results from its placing more or less equidistant between the coasts of Kennedy Channel on the political boundary between Greenland and Canada. For 40 years the rocky patch has been the subject of a dispute be tween the Danish/Greenland and Canadian governments regarding sovereignty rights, an issue that remains unresolved. However, there is mutual understanding between Canada and Denmark that "since the question of sovereignty over the island has not yet been solved no action should be taken by either side which might prejudge the settlement of the issue" (Brückner 1984). Formally, this remains the position today.

Abstract

Ideally, issue management can prevent an issue from becoming an actual threat. But in reality, a company or group should be prepared to face issues that threaten a change in their status quo. This paper discusses the authors' experiences with blending the right tools with the right approach to successfully address issues that are imminent.
If the proper balance between process, interpretation and creativity is maintained, Strategic Issue Management Systems (SIMS) with their component tools can be used effectively to provide a more objective understanding of the issue and to shape a more effective strategic objective and tactical plan.
Key components of the SIMS presented include: issue characterization, strategic objectives, force field analysis, stakeholder assessment, scenario mapping, key player assessment and SWOT Analysis. Each can be used independently, but this paper focuses on how, when used in combination, each can build upon the other and produce an obtainable strategic objective and targeted tactical plan.
Although each component of the SIMS represents a stage in a process, the emphasis of the issue team should not be on completion of the process, but instead on what is learned from each stage and how the stages can then lead to a successful resolution of the issue.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PurposeThe principal objective here is to describe conceptual and research tools for achieving deeper sense‐making of what happened and why it happened –including how participants interpret outcomes of what happened and the dynamics of emic (executive) and etic (researcher) sense‐making.Design/methodology/approachThis article uses a mixed research design including decision systems analysis, cognitive mapping, computer software‐based text analysis, and the long interview method for mapping the mental models of the participants in specific decision‐making processes as well as mapping the immediate, feedback, and downstream influences of decisions‐actions‐outcomes.FindingsThe findings in the empirical study support the view that decision processes are prospective, introspective, and retrospective, sporadically rational, ultimately affective, and altogether imaginatively unbounded.Research limitations/implicationsNot using outside auditors to evaluate post‐etic interpretations is recognized as a method limitation to the extended case study; such outside auditor reports represent an etic‐4 level of interpretation. Incorporating such etic‐4 interpretation is one suggestion for further research.Practical implicationsAsking executives for in‐depth stories about what happened and why helps them reflect and uncover very subtle nuances of what went right and what went wrong.Originality/valueA series advanced hermeneutic B2B research reports of a specific issue (e.g., new product innovation processes) provides an advance for developing a grounded theory of what happened and why it happened. Such a large‐scale research effort enables more rigorous, accurate and useful generalizations of decision making on a specific issue than is found in literature reviews of models of complex systems.

ABSTRACTThis article develops a new approach for constructing causal maps called the Collective Causal Mapping Methodology (CCMM). This methodology collects information asynchronously from a group of dispersed and diverse subject‐matter experts via Web technologies. Through three rounds of data collection, analysis, mapping, and interpretation, CCMM constructs a parsimonious collective causal map. The article illustrates the CCMM by constructing a causal map as a teaching tool for the field of operations management. Causal maps are an essential tool for managers who seek to improve complex systems in the areas of quality, strategy, and information systems. These causal maps are known by many names, including Ishikawa (fishbone) diagrams, cause‐and‐effect diagrams, impact wheels, issue trees, strategy maps, and risk‐assessment mapping tools. Causal maps can be used by managers to focus attention on the root causes of a problem, find critical control points, guide risk management and risk mitigation efforts, formulate and communicate strategy, and teach the fundamental causal relationships in a complex system. Only two basic methods for creating causal maps are available to managers today—brainstorming and interviews. However, these methods are limited, particularly when the subject‐matter experts cannot easily meet in the same place at the same time. Managers working with complex systems across large, geographically dispersed organizations can employ the CCMM presented here to efficiently and effectively construct causal maps to facilitate improving their systems.