Suchergebnisse

International audience ; La carte, et plus globalement la géolocalisation sont devenues omniprésentes sur Internet. Cette démocratisation de la géomatique par l'intermédiaire du Géoweb se traduit par l'émergence d'une nouvelle forme de cartographie utilisant les techniques du web 2.0. Qualifiée de néogéographie, elle se caractérise par une grande interactivité et des contenus géolocalisés générés par les utilisateurs. La mobilisation de cette information géographique volontaire constitue un défi pour les professionnels de l'information géographique mais aussi pour les collectivités territoriales. La question de la participation publique par l'intermédiaire des applications cartographiques contributives est ainsi renouvelée et plus globalement de nouvelles perspectives se dessinent pour les SIG participatifs. L'objectif de cet article est de mettre en perspective le développement du Géoweb participatif avec les processus de gestion urbaine participative. Abstract: Maps, and more broadly location have become ubiquitous on the Internet. This democratization of GIS through the GeoWeb produce the emergence of a new mapping is using the techniques of Web 2.0. The neogeography is characterized by high interactivity and user-generated geographic content. The mobilization of this volunteered geographic information is a challenge for geospatial professionals but also for local authorities. The issue of public participation through the participatory mapping is renewed and, more generally, new opportunities are emerging for participatory GIS. The objective of this paper is to put in perspective the development of participatory GeoWeb with urban planning.

International audience ; La carte, et plus globalement la géolocalisation sont devenues omniprésentes sur Internet. Cette démocratisation de la géomatique par l'intermédiaire du Géoweb se traduit par l'émergence d'une nouvelle forme de cartographie utilisant les techniques du web 2.0. Qualifiée de néogéographie, elle se caractérise par une grande interactivité et des contenus géolocalisés générés par les utilisateurs. La mobilisation de cette information géographique volontaire constitue un défi pour les professionnels de l'information géographique mais aussi pour les collectivités territoriales. La question de la participation publique par l'intermédiaire des applications cartographiques contributives est ainsi renouvelée et plus globalement de nouvelles perspectives se dessinent pour les SIG participatifs. L'objectif de cet article est de mettre en perspective le développement du Géoweb participatif avec les processus de gestion urbaine participative. Abstract: Maps, and more broadly location have become ubiquitous on the Internet. This democratization of GIS through the GeoWeb produce the emergence of a new mapping is using the techniques of Web 2.0. The neogeography is characterized by high interactivity and user-generated geographic content. The mobilization of this volunteered geographic information is a challenge for geospatial professionals but also for local authorities. The issue of public participation through the participatory mapping is renewed and, more generally, new opportunities are emerging for participatory GIS. The objective of this paper is to put in perspective the development of participatory GeoWeb with urban planning.

Thematic No "Rediscover Brazil" How to justify the organisation of a CAL issue on the occasion of the 5th centenary commemorations of Brazil's discovery? The mapping of commemorative activities provides an impressive list, without a unifying approach. The Brazilian government, 'civil society', but also foreign governments (such as those of Portugal and France) do not use their commemorative actions to help build the same memory or project. So why do we add a new voice to this already very discordant concert? Let us say immediately: it was initially a question of seizing the opportunity of such a date to revisit certain themes, to shed light on others on long-term issues, and to stress the importance of the Brazilian field in the constitution of a whole range of French social sciences. However, such an ambition, which is timely, does not mean disinterest in the current challenges of commemoration. On the contrary, in many respects, this dossier sheds light on some of the most recent debates in Brazil. ; International audience ; Thematic No "Rediscover Brazil" How to justify the organisation of a CAL issue on the occasion of the 5th centenary commemorations of Brazil's discovery? The mapping of commemorative activities provides an impressive list, without a unifying approach. The Brazilian government, 'civil society', but also foreign governments (such as those of Portugal and France) do not use their commemorative actions to help build the same memory or project. So why do we add a new voice to this already very discordant concert? Let us say immediately: it was initially a question of seizing the opportunity of such a date to revisit certain themes, to shed light on others on long-term issues, and to stress the importance of the Brazilian field in the constitution of a whole range of French social sciences. However, such an ambition, which is timely, does not mean disinterest in the current challenges of commemoration. On the contrary, in many respects, this dossier sheds light on some of the most recent debates ...

The capacity of national Parliaments to influence the EU affairs has been a long debated issue in the academic literature and scholars have analyzed it mainly by assessing formal parliamentary capacities to control their executives, while looking into the activity of national Parliaments in all EU policy sectors. This type of analysis may be distorted: national Parliaments may act differently according to specific policy sectors. The aim of this proposal is to challenge the general findings of the academic literature on national Parliaments in EU affairs by looking into a very salient policy sector, the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice and more precisely into the Schengen reform, when analyzing the political control over the EU legislation and the "European" activity of the French Parliament. Even though, the Treaty of Lisbon and the 2008 Constitutional Reform gave additional powers to the French Parliament, I will show by mapping its activity in the field of borders control that, independently of its new prerogatives it has still a very weak influence over the EU legislation.

Cognitive capitalism has two main characteristics, collective intelligence and the intensive use of information technology, based on the digitization of content, procedures and writings. In this paper, we try to examine the Open Data movement faced with the transformation of collective intelligence. We analyze this process in the context of public policy, science, intelligence software. We show how this movement articulates with the issue of semantic web ontologies and with the rise of algorithmic. We emphasize, indirectly but strong, on the emergence of "data mining" as "imperial narrative," as the story of performative societies in the context of anthropological stratum Internet. We outline the possibility of new modes of governance and the emergence of new ways of thinking about politics and public space. The future of democratic societies is partly at stake ; Le capitalisme cognitif a deux caractéristiques principales, l'intelligence collective et l'utilisation intensive des technologies de l'information, fondées sur la numérisation du contenu, des procédures et des écritures. Dans cet article, nous essayons d'examiner le mouvement Open Data face à la transformation des intelligences collectives et analysons ce processus dans le cadre de l'action publique, de la science, de l'intelligence logicielle, de la stratégie. Nous montrons comment ce mouvement s'articule avec la question du web sémantique, des ontologies, avec la montée de l'algorithmique. Dans ce cadre, l'émergence du " data mining" se présente comme "récit impérial", comme le récit des sociétés performatives. S'ouvre également la possibilité de nouveaux modes de gouvernance, l'émergence de nouvelles façons de penser le politique et l'espace public.

Cognitive capitalism has two main characteristics, collective intelligence and the intensive use of information technology, based on the digitization of content, procedures and writings. In this paper, we try to examine the Open Data movement faced with the transformation of collective intelligence. We analyze this process in the context of public policy, science, intelligence software. We show how this movement articulates with the issue of semantic web ontologies and with the rise of algorithmic. We emphasize, indirectly but strong, on the emergence of "data mining" as "imperial narrative," as the story of performative societies in the context of anthropological stratum Internet. We outline the possibility of new modes of governance and the emergence of new ways of thinking about politics and public space. The future of democratic societies is partly at stake ; Le capitalisme cognitif a deux caractéristiques principales, l'intelligence collective et l'utilisation intensive des technologies de l'information, fondées sur la numérisation du contenu, des procédures et des écritures. Dans cet article, nous essayons d'examiner le mouvement Open Data face à la transformation des intelligences collectives et analysons ce processus dans le cadre de l'action publique, de la science, de l'intelligence logicielle, de la stratégie. Nous montrons comment ce mouvement s'articule avec la question du web sémantique, des ontologies, avec la montée de l'algorithmique. Dans ce cadre, l'émergence du " data mining" se présente comme "récit impérial", comme le récit des sociétés performatives. S'ouvre également la possibilité de nouveaux modes de gouvernance, l'émergence de nouvelles façons de penser le politique et l'espace public.

Cognitive capitalism has two main characteristics, collective intelligence and the intensive use of information technology, based on the digitization of content, procedures and writings. In this paper, we try to examine the Open Data movement faced with the transformation of collective intelligence. We analyze this process in the context of public policy, science, intelligence software. We show how this movement articulates with the issue of semantic web ontologies and with the rise of algorithmic. We emphasize, indirectly but strong, on the emergence of "data mining" as "imperial narrative," as the story of performative societies in the context of anthropological stratum Internet. We outline the possibility of new modes of governance and the emergence of new ways of thinking about politics and public space. The future of democratic societies is partly at stake ; Le capitalisme cognitif a deux caractéristiques principales, l'intelligence collective et l'utilisation intensive des technologies de l'information, fondées sur la numérisation du contenu, des procédures et des écritures. Dans cet article, nous essayons d'examiner le mouvement Open Data face à la transformation des intelligences collectives et analysons ce processus dans le cadre de l'action publique, de la science, de l'intelligence logicielle, de la stratégie. Nous montrons comment ce mouvement s'articule avec la question du web sémantique, des ontologies, avec la montée de l'algorithmique. Dans ce cadre, l'émergence du " data mining" se présente comme "récit impérial", comme le récit des sociétés performatives. S'ouvre également la possibilité de nouveaux modes de gouvernance, l'émergence de nouvelles façons de penser le politique et l'espace public.

Cognitive capitalism has two main characteristics, collective intelligence and the intensive use of information technology, based on the digitization of content, procedures and writings. In this paper, we try to examine the Open Data movement faced with the transformation of collective intelligence. We analyze this process in the context of public policy, science, intelligence software. We show how this movement articulates with the issue of semantic web ontologies and with the rise of algorithmic. We emphasize, indirectly but strong, on the emergence of "data mining" as "imperial narrative," as the story of performative societies in the context of anthropological stratum Internet. We outline the possibility of new modes of governance and the emergence of new ways of thinking about politics and public space. The future of democratic societies is partly at stake ; Le capitalisme cognitif a deux caractéristiques principales, l'intelligence collective et l'utilisation intensive des technologies de l'information, fondées sur la numérisation du contenu, des procédures et des écritures. Dans cet article, nous essayons d'examiner le mouvement Open Data face à la transformation des intelligences collectives et analysons ce processus dans le cadre de l'action publique, de la science, de l'intelligence logicielle, de la stratégie. Nous montrons comment ce mouvement s'articule avec la question du web sémantique, des ontologies, avec la montée de l'algorithmique. Dans ce cadre, l'émergence du " data mining" se présente comme "récit impérial", comme le récit des sociétés performatives. S'ouvre également la possibilité de nouveaux modes de gouvernance, l'émergence de nouvelles façons de penser le politique et l'espace public.

Cognitive capitalism has two main characteristics, collective intelligence and the intensive use of information technology, based on the digitization of content, procedures and writings. In this paper, we try to examine the Open Data movement faced with the transformation of collective intelligence. We analyze this process in the context of public policy, science, intelligence software. We show how this movement articulates with the issue of semantic web ontologies and with the rise of algorithmic. We emphasize, indirectly but strong, on the emergence of "data mining" as "imperial narrative," as the story of performative societies in the context of anthropological stratum Internet. We outline the possibility of new modes of governance and the emergence of new ways of thinking about politics and public space. The future of democratic societies is partly at stake ; Le capitalisme cognitif a deux caractéristiques principales, l'intelligence collective et l'utilisation intensive des technologies de l'information, fondées sur la numérisation du contenu, des procédures et des écritures. Dans cet article, nous essayons d'examiner le mouvement Open Data face à la transformation des intelligences collectives et analysons ce processus dans le cadre de l'action publique, de la science, de l'intelligence logicielle, de la stratégie. Nous montrons comment ce mouvement s'articule avec la question du web sémantique, des ontologies, avec la montée de l'algorithmique. Dans ce cadre, l'émergence du " data mining" se présente comme "récit impérial", comme le récit des sociétés performatives. S'ouvre également la possibilité de nouveaux modes de gouvernance, l'émergence de nouvelles façons de penser le politique et l'espace public.

The present thesis focuses on the following tension: while periapline lakes are very attractive for recreation and fuel a high social demand, their shores are not freely accessible due to privatisation and other types of access restrictions. Therefore, this study examines the right of access to these lakes that society regards as public spaces, and proposes the notion of "right to the lake", inspired by Lefebvre's concept of "right to the city". To do so, lakeshores are analyzed as public spaces, in the material sense of freely accessible spaces, and their access as a public problem, defined as an issue discussed in public arenas. In this conceptual framework, we aim to investigate the causes, forms and consequences of the double process of publicisation/privatisation, on three main study sites (lake Annecy, lake Bourget, lake Geneva within both its French and Swiss context), enhanced by an exploratory comparison with lake Como (Italy). Four guidelines structure the reflection. The first one draws up an inventory of access to lakeshores through the exhaustive mapping of the three main study sites' shoreline. It shows the extent of access restrictions, their typological diversity and some disconnections between field-observed access conditions and cadastral status. The second one reconstitutes both the historical process of privatisation and the political agenda-building of the lakeshores issue. Relying on semi-structured interviews, archives analyses and a grey literature review, it shows that privatisation was historically much more efficient than the competing process of publicisation, due to the financial, political and legal capital of privatization operators. The third one focuses on the social mobilizations demanding the "right to the lake" since the beginning of the 2000s, in France and in Switzerland, and analyzes the public problem they contribute to build and the oppositions they face. The fourth one aims at gathering material about the practices and perceptions of lakes users, thanks to observations ...

The present thesis focuses on the following tension: while periapline lakes are very attractive for recreation and fuel a high social demand, their shores are not freely accessible due to privatisation and other types of access restrictions. Therefore, this study examines the right of access to these lakes that society regards as public spaces, and proposes the notion of "right to the lake", inspired by Lefebvre's concept of "right to the city". To do so, lakeshores are analyzed as public spaces, in the material sense of freely accessible spaces, and their access as a public problem, defined as an issue discussed in public arenas. In this conceptual framework, we aim to investigate the causes, forms and consequences of the double process of publicisation/privatisation, on three main study sites (lake Annecy, lake Bourget, lake Geneva within both its French and Swiss context), enhanced by an exploratory comparison with lake Como (Italy). Four guidelines structure the reflection. The first one draws up an inventory of access to lakeshores through the exhaustive mapping of the three main study sites' shoreline. It shows the extent of access restrictions, their typological diversity and some disconnections between field-observed access conditions and cadastral status. The second one reconstitutes both the historical process of privatisation and the political agenda-building of the lakeshores issue. Relying on semistructured interviews, archives analyses and a grey literature review, it shows that privatisation was historically much more efficient than the competing process of publicisation, due to the financial,political and legal capital of privatization operators. The third one focuses on the social mobilizations demanding the "right to the lake" since the beginning of the 2000s, in France and in Switzerland, and analyzes the public problem they contribute to build and the oppositions they face. The fourth one aims at gathering material about the practices and perceptions of lakes users, thanks to observations and ...

The purpose of this research is to analyze vulnerability and adaptability of agrarian systems face to climate variability and social changes in Basse-Casamance, a region where rice growing is a multi-decade. The study focuses on an important aspect of rural development in a context of armed conflict and raises the issue of the dynamics of these systems, which have become an environmental, socio-cultural, economic and political issue. It emphasizes the relationship between the Diola peasant and his environment, through a remarkably ingenious agricultural management, which structuring reflects the deep appropriation of land and embodies a fundamental socio-spatial dimension of the "identity" of the region. Issued from a long social and societal history, from the ingenuity of techniques associated with the exploitation of the environment and the diversity of agrarian systems, rice growing in Basse-Casamance has been facing for more than forty years, multiple external forces, with decisive environmental and socio-economic consequences. The strong climatic variability (rainfall in particular), a key aspect in tropical environment, seems to be one of the triggers of the past and current environmental transformations observed in the region. It has led to other extreme events, with complex contours (high salinity of water and soil, soil acidity, siltation, etc.), therefore, rice growing in many plots of the region has become unpracticable. The magnitude of the changes is measured by a global and multi-scale approach in geography, which integrates both geomatics' tools (Remote Sensing, GIS, statements of GPS points) and fieldwork (water and soil sampling, physico-chemical analyzes, direct observations, household surveys and people perceptions). This approach led to an important mapping of the observations from diachronic levels and revealed the major trends of the mutations over whole Basse-Casamance and on the scale of rice growing areas. The historical approach has led to a better understanding of the basis of this ...

Research has focused on the role of the arts in an inventory of educational practices through primary school, following the introduction of the teaching of Art History in 2008, and also considered the issue of social demand. The objective of the research was in first to identify teachers' practices in the field of arts education, and also to understand how this course contributes to the transmission of cultural heritage in schools. The research builds on both a survey of an academy, with teachers and parents, and on observations of teaching. In a first part, we observe how arts education was structured through legislative changes and influences that have led to its definition today. The official texts attest to a willingness to democratize art through the school system by teachers' practices. From the definition of arts education which is now based on the teaching of art history, cultural practices of class and artistic workshops, research has also examined the relationship between the teaching and the notion of cultural heritage. The second part focused on the cultural practices of families from a sample of parents, and social demand, that is to say, the expectations of parents toward school and tried to answer the question of the role of the educational institution in the transmission of cultural heritage and its implications in the context of a multicultural society. Thus, instead of arts education today seems to be unanimous among players, but the fight has moved to the grounds of the issue of equality. That's what mapping analysis (ArcGIS) helped bring to light. Finally, we reported on the teaching practices observed in the field observations. If this research has allowed one hand to identify the practices of teachers, resources and practices that they mobilize in their class, the lower bound or upper bound factors practices, on the other hand it will help identify actors interacting in the context of the observed object and for which we have developed for the purpose of analysis and reading the theory of ...

the question "who belongs to the human body?" is now a key question to reflect on biomedical research practices and therapeutic practices. Ethical and political debates in France sometimes tend to caricatorise the possible answers to this question by inventing two enemy camps: one inspired by the Anglo-Saxon liberal philosophy which makes the body the property of the individual and the other inspired by a more European or even more French philosophy, which makes the body the substrate of the person. By leaving the field of the caricatures, it is possible first to measure the place taken by this question in the field of biomedical research and therapeutic practices: what is the status of human bodies whose genome mapping has generally been established? Is it my body, this DNA sequence likely to become a patent object in the future? Who has my body, and to what extent, in a research protocol? Do I own my body when I claim to benefit from abortion or to enter a medically assisted reproduction process, when I intend to change gender, refuse diagnosis, die when I think fit, and encounter opposition from a doctor, the state, a church, my family or various forms of social stigmatisation? In a different vein, it is noted that some health tests put the individual directly in the face of the issue of body ownership: being grafted experiences a real "confusion of me". The contemporary obvious issue of ownership of the human body must not mislead. It does not arise naturally simply because of the development of biomedical research and therapeutic practices. Rather, it must be seen as the result of the meeting between this development and another, that of the motors and political demands that have arisen, since the 1960s in France and many other western countries. ; International audience ; the question "who belongs to the human body?" is now a key question to reflect on biomedical research practices and therapeutic practices. Ethical and political debates in France sometimes tend to caricatorise the possible answers to this ...

The concept of "ecological network" comes from landscape ecology. It refers to reservoirs of biodiversity connected through corridors. The "Trame verte et bleue" (greenway) is an application of this ecological continuity concept in the French public policies. The "Trame verte et bleue" conveys different representations than those of the farmers. For them, more than corridors, hedges are viewed as barriers to the wind, prevent people and animals from moving, and require trees to be pruned. But hedges, as natural resources, are also come under intimate experience, and involve past generations and actors of the territory. Even though management approaches of farmers, city-dwellers and nature managers converge in mapping and categorizing natural resources, we advocate for a relational approach. This approach allows to recognize the diversity of forms those resources are qualified and managed. ; Issu de l'écologie du paysage, le concept de réseau écologique reliant des réservoirs de biodiversité par des corridors s'est traduit par la politique publique de trame verte et bleue. La notion de continuité écologique se heurte aux pratiques et représentations des agriculteurs. Ainsi, les haies ne sont-elles pas des corridors, mais des barrières au vent, à la circulation des bêtes ou des machines, avec des arbres qu'il faut tailler et entretenir. Les ressources naturelles cristallisent aussi un rapport à l'intime, aux générations passées et aux autres acteurs du territoire. Bien qu'agriculteurs, citadins et gestionnaires de la nature se rejoignent dans une approche gestionnaire qui cartographie et catégorise les ressources naturelles, nous suggérons de les inscrire dans une approche relationnelle permettant de reconnaître la diversité des formes de qualification et de gestion de celles-ci.