Ovaj rad donosi kratak povijesni pregled šogunata kako bi se objasnili uzroci njegova pada. Meiđijeva restauracija spada među najvažnije događaje u japanskoj povijesti u kojima je doživljena tranzicija s jednoga sustava vladavine na drugi. Tekst objašnjava kako su položajem nezadovoljni niži samuraji i marginalizirani tozama daimjoi, pod vodstvom provincija Sacume i Ćošua, izveli državni udar 1868. godine te poveli Bošinski rat protiv preostalih provincija vjernih šogunu. Neizostavno je bilo spomenuti i zapadne sile, koje su bile katalizatori za događaje koji su uslijedili, ali i za razvoj paranoične, nacionalističke ideologije. Spomenute su i posljedice izazvane Meiđijevom restauracijom te nastojanjima vlade da u što kraćemu roku modernizira zemlju, u čemu i uspijevaju. ; This paper brings a short historical review of the Shogunate with the aim of explaining the causes of its demise. Meiji restoration is one of the most important events in the Japanese history, where the transition from one ruling system to another can be observed. This paper explains how low ranking samurai, dissatisfied with their position, and marginalized tozama daimyos, under leadership of domains Satsuma and Choshu, had organized coup d'état in 1868 and had started Boshin war against remaining domains who were faithful to Shogun. It is important to mention Western powers, which assisted in accelerating the events that were to come and which were responsible for the development of a paranoid, nationalist ideology. The consequences of Meiji restoration and government's successful struggles to modernize Japan in short period of time are also mentioned in the paper.
Tema ovog rada je povijesni pregled prvog i sveobuhvatnog građanskog rata u povijesti Japana. Riječ je o Gempejskog ratu, koji se vodio od 1180. do 1185. godine. Cilj rada je objasniti kakva je bila politička situacija za vrijeme vladavine careva te zašto se pojavio ratnički sloj, koji se počeo ponašati kao potencijalna politička alternativa carskom sustavu ritsuryo. Također, cilj je predstaviti glavna dva sudionika u građanskom ratu, klanove Taira i Minamoto, a isto tako dati pregled tijeka građanskog rata. Građanski rat je iz temelja promijenio tadašnji Japan te je cilj objasniti kako je tekao proces nastanka novog političkog sustava koji će obilježiti povijest Japana tijekom gotovo 700 godina, a riječ je o šogunatu. ; The theme of this paper is a historical overview of the first and comprehensive civil war in the history of Japan. It is a war of the Gempei, which was fought from 1180 until 1185. The aim of this paper is to explain what the political situation was during the reign of emperors and why a warrior class emerged, which began to act as a potential political alternative to the imperial ritsuryo system. Furthermore, the aim is also to present the main two participants in the civil war, the Taira and Minamoto clans, as well as provide an overview of the course of the civil war. At that time, the Civil War fundamentally changed Japan, therefore, the aim is to explain how the process of the emergence of a new political system that would mark the history of Japan over almost 700 years has evolved, a shogunate.
From the field of cartography and geoinformation, there are journal's article extracts given which are not cartographic first and whose complete texts are on the Internet, accessible to the members of Croatian academic and research community. Most journals can be accessed through the PERO browser (http://knjiznica.irb.hr/pero/index.php). For the journals not found through this browser, the complete texts of the mentioned articles are available for free on the given web-address. Next to every journal headline, in the brackets, it is noted which prominent bibliographic and quotation bases it is placed in: CC (Current Contents), SCIE (Science Citation Index Expanded), and SSCI (Social Science Citation Index). It should be noted that, for some journals accessible through PERO browser, there is a delay of 6, 12 and even 18 months in accessing the newest issues. This number is given in the brackets next to the journal's headline.Bullettin of the GSI (Geospatial Information Authority of Japan)http://www.gsi.go.jp/ENGLISH/page_e30092.htmlK. Kawase: A general formula for calculating meridian arc length and its application to coordinate conversion in the Gauss-Krüger projection, Vol. 59, December 2011.K. Kawase: Concise derivation of extensive coordinate conversion formulae in the Gauss-Krüger projection, Vol. 60, December 2012.Coordinates (A monthly magazine on positioning, navigation and beyond) http://mycoordinates.orgT. Nagayama, K. Inaba, T. Hayashi, H: Nakai: Responding to the great east Japan earthquake, 2012, 12.J. SF Fabic: Data integration and sharing for disaster management, 2012, 12.D. Ampatzidis: Datum transformations using exclusively geodetic curvilinear coordinates without height information, 2012, 12.Geomatics and Environmental Engineeringhttp://journals.bg.agh.edu.pl/GEOMATICS/index.phpR. Cellmer, A. Senetra, A. Szczepanska: Land value maps of naturally valuable areas, 2012, 3.Geopolitics (CC, SSCI) (12)J. Strandsbjerg: Cartopolitics, geopolitics and boundaries in the Arctic, 2012, 4.International Journal of Geographical Information Science (CC, SCIE, SSCI) (12)H. Fan, L. Meng: A three-step approach of simplifying 3D buildings modeled by CityGML, 2012, 6.D. Hardy, J. Frew, M. F. Goodchild: Volunteered geographic information production as a spatial process, 2012, 7.P. Taillandier, J. Gaffuri: Improving map generalisation with new pruning heuristics, 2012, 7.ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Informationhttp://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijgiP. Neis, A. Zipf: Analyzing the contributor activity of a volunteered geographic information project — The case of OpenStreetMap, 2012, 2.P. Neis, M. Goetz, A. Zipf: Towards automatic vandalism detection in OpenStreetMap, 2012, 3.ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (CC, SCIE)http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09242716J-H. Haunert: A symmetry detector for map generalization and urban-space analysis, Vol. 74, November 2012.Journal of Historical Geography (CC, SSC) (12)D. Fedman, C. Karacas: A cartographic fade to black: mapping the destruction of urban Japan during World War II, 2012, 3.M. Yilmaz: Historical mosque orientation in Turkey: Central-Western Anatolia Region, 1150‒1590, 2012, 4.Landscape Ecology (CC, SCIE)http://link.springer.com/journal/10980J. Liang: Mapping large-scale forest dynamics: a geospatial approach, 2012, 8.Naše morehttp://hrcak.srce.hr/nase-moreI. Pavić: Geografsko-informacijski sustav i model razvoja pomorskoga katastra, 2012, 5-6.Remote Sensing of Environment (CC, SCIE)N. Levin, A. Heimowitz: Mapping spatial and temporal patterns of Mediterranean wildfires from MODIS, Vol. 126 November 2012.Tehnički vjesnik (SCIE)http://hrcak.srce.hr/tehnicki-vjesnik R. Župan, D. Sruk, S. Frangeš: Experiment for determination of map graphics segment standard for handheld crisis maps management, 2012, 4.URISA Journalhttp://www.urisa.org/PSS_journal_archivesM. Martin, B. Peters, J. Corbett: Participatory asset mapping in the Lake Victoria Basin of Kenya, 2012, 2.P. A. Johnson, R. E. Sieber: Increasing access to and use of geospatial data by municipal government and citizens: the process of "Geomatization" in rural Québec, 2012, 2.A. Poplin: Web-based PPGIS for Wilhelmsburg, Germany: An integration of interactive GIS-based maps with an online questionnaire, 2012, 2. ; Dan je izbor članaka iz područja kartografije i geoinformacija iz časopisa, koji nisu u prvom redu kartografski, a kojima su cjeloviti tekstovi dostupni na internetu članovima hrvatske akademske i istraživačke zajednice. Većina časopisa dostupna je preko pretraživača PERO (http:// knjiznica.irb.hr/pero/index.php). Za časopise koji nisu dostupni preko tog pretraživača cjeloviti tekstovi navedenih članaka slobodno su pristupačni na upisanoj web-adresi. Uz svaki je časopis u zagradi naznačeno u koje je ugledne bibliografske i citatne baze uvršten: CC (Current Contents), SCIE (Science Citation Index Expanded), SSCI (Social Science Citation Index). Treba naglasiti da za neke časopise, dostupne preko pretraživača PERO, postoji odgoda pristupa najnovijim brojevima od 6, 12, a ponekad i 18 mjeseci. Taj broj je naveden u zagradi uz naslov časopisa. Bullettin of the GSI (Geospatial Information Authority of Japan)http://www.gsi.go.jp/ENGLISH/page_e30092.htmlK. Kawase: A general formula for calculating meridian arc length and its application to coordinate conversion in the Gauss-Krüger projection, Vol. 59, December 2011.K. Kawase: Concise derivation of extensive coordinate conversion formulae in the Gauss-Krüger projection, Vol. 60, December 2012.Coordinates (A monthly magazine on positioning, navigation and beyond) http://mycoordinates.orgT. Nagayama, K. Inaba, T. Hayashi, H: Nakai: Responding to the great east Japan earthquake, 2012, 12.J. SF Fabic: Data integration and sharing for disaster management, 2012, 12.D. Ampatzidis: Datum transformations using exclusively geodetic curvilinear coordinates without height information, 2012, 12.Geomatics and Environmental Engineeringhttp://journals.bg.agh.edu.pl/GEOMATICS/index.phpR. Cellmer, A. Senetra, A. Szczepanska: Land value maps of naturally valuable areas, 2012, 3.Geopolitics (CC, SSCI) (12)J. Strandsbjerg: Cartopolitics, geopolitics and boundaries in the Arctic, 2012, 4.International Journal of Geographical Information Science (CC, SCIE, SSCI) (12)H. Fan, L. Meng: A three-step approach of simplifying 3D buildings modeled by CityGML, 2012, 6.D. Hardy, J. Frew, M. F. Goodchild: Volunteered geographic information production as a spatial process, 2012, 7.P. Taillandier, J. Gaffuri: Improving map generalisation with new pruning heuristics, 2012, 7.ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Informationhttp://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijgiP. Neis, A. Zipf: Analyzing the contributor activity of a volunteered geographic information project — The case of OpenStreetMap, 2012, 2.P. Neis, M. Goetz, A. Zipf: Towards automatic vandalism detection in OpenStreetMap, 2012, 3.ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (CC, SCIE)http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09242716J-H. Haunert: A symmetry detector for map generalization and urban-space analysis, Vol. 74, November 2012.Journal of Historical Geography (CC, SSC) (12)D. Fedman, C. Karacas: A cartographic fade to black: mapping the destruction of urban Japan during World War II, 2012, 3.M. Yilmaz: Historical mosque orientation in Turkey: Central-Western Anatolia Region, 1150‒1590, 2012, 4.Landscape Ecology (CC, SCIE)http://link.springer.com/journal/10980J. Liang: Mapping large-scale forest dynamics: a geospatial approach, 2012, 8.Naše morehttp://hrcak.srce.hr/nase-moreI. Pavić: Geografsko-informacijski sustav i model razvoja pomorskoga katastra, 2012, 5-6.Remote Sensing of Environment (CC, SCIE)N. Levin, A. Heimowitz: Mapping spatial and temporal patterns of Mediterranean wildfires from MODIS, Vol. 126 November 2012.Tehnički vjesnik (SCIE)http://hrcak.srce.hr/tehnicki-vjesnikR. Župan, D. Sruk, S. Frangeš: Experiment for determination of map graphics segment standard for handheld crisis maps management, 2012, 4.URISA Journalhttp://www.urisa.org/PSS_journal_archivesM. Martin, B. Peters, J. Corbett: Participatory asset mapping in the Lake Victoria Basin of Kenya, 2012, 2.P. A. Johnson, R. E. Sieber: Increasing access to and use of geospatial data by municipal government and citizens: the process of "Geomatization" in rural Québec, 2012, 2.A. Poplin: Web-based PPGIS for Wilhelmsburg, Germany: An integration of interactive GIS-based maps with an online questionnaire, 2012, 2.
Global mapping is an international collaborative initiative through voluntary participation of national mapping organizations of the world, aiming to develop a globally homogeneous geographic data set at the ground resolution of 1 km, and to establish concrete partnership among governments, NGOs, private sectors, data providers and users to share information and knowledge for sound decision-making. The primary objective of Global Map project is to contribute to the sustainable development through the provision of base framework geographic dataset, which is necessary to understand the current situation and changes of environment of the world. The purpose of the Global Map is to accurately describe the present status of the global environment in international cooperation with respective National Mapping Organizations (NMOs) of the world. International Steering Committee for Global Mapping (ISCGM) has been playing a central role in the development of the Global Map data sets. It was established in February 13th 1996 in Tsukuba Japan by the participants of the Preparatory Meeting of the ISCGM, and its First Meeting was held on February 14th, 1996. The Global Map data sets produced by converting existing geographic information into Global Map Specifications and country-specific data sets for 22 countries developed by respective NMOs are currently distributed to the public through the internet web site www.iscgm.org. The Global Map data of Macedonia as a first European country was published at the web page of the International Steering Committee for Global Mapping on March 8th 2006. This data is open for all governmental institutions, private sector and other users, only for non-commercial uses. ; Global Mapping je međunarodna inicijativa suradnje kroz dobrovoljno sudjelovanje nacionalnih kartografskih organizacija iz cijeloga svijeta u svrhu razvoja globalnoga homogenoga skupa geopodataka s razlučivošću od 1 km na Zemljinoj površini i osnivanja konkretnih partnerstava između vlada, nevladinih organizacija, privatnoga sektora, dobavljača podataka i korisnika kako bi razmijenili informacije i znanje za dobro donošenje odluka. Glavni je cilj projekta Global Map pridonijeti održivom razvoju stvaranjem osnovne mreže skupa geopodataka, koja je nužna za razumijevanje trenutačne situacije i promjena okoliša u svijetu. Svrha je Global Mapa točno opisivanje trenutačnoga stanja globalnog okoliša u međunarodnoj suradnji s odgovarajućim nacionalnim kartografskim organizacijama (National Mapping Organizations - NMOs) iz svijeta. Međunarodno nadzorno povjerenstvo za globalnu kartografiju (International Steering Committee for Global Mapping - ISCGM) igralo je središnju ulogu u razvoju skupova podataka Global Mapa. Osnovali su ga 13. veljače 1996. u Tsukubi (Japan) sudionici Pripremnog sastanka ISCGM-a (Preparatory Meeting of the ISCGM), a prvi je sastanak održan 14. veljače 1996. Skupovi podataka Global Mapa proizvedeni su pretvaranjem postojećih geoinformacija prema tehničkim uputama Global Mapa (Global Map Specifications) iz skupova podataka, specifičnih za određenu zemlju, za 22 zemlje. Ti podaci, što su ih proizvele odgovarajuće nacionalne kartografske ogranizacije, javno se objavljuju putem interneta, na adresi www.iscgm.org. Dana 8. ožujka 2006. na web stranici ISCGM-a objavljeni su podaci Global Mapa za Makedoniju kao prvu europsku zemlju. Ti su podaci dostupni svim vladinim institucijama, privatnom sektoru i drugim korisnicima za nekomercijalnu upotrebu.
Ovaj rad bavi se istraživanjem industrijske politike Europske Unije. U radu se iznosi teorijski aspekt industrijske politike, odnosno, različite definicije industrijske politike raznih autora, alati i instrumenti, kao argumenti za i protiv industrijske politike. Zatim se opisuju razvojne faze industrijske politike Europske Unije, a detaljnije se obrađuje industrijska politika Europske Unije od vremena Lisabonske agende. Daje se pregled industrijske performanse Europske Unije i nekih zemalja članica i usporedba s Japanom i Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Detaljno se opisuje industrijska politika u okviru strategije Europa 2020, prioriteti, inicijative, komunikacije, kao i trenutni izazovi vezani uz modernizaciju industrije. Također, iznose se programi, instrumenti i politike koje izravno i neizravno doprinose industrijskoj politici Europske Unije. Nadalje, prikazuje se način vođenja moderne industrijske politike Savezne Republike Njemačke. Cilj istraživanja jest sintetizirati znanje o industrijskoj politici Europske Unije i prikazati trenutne inicijative i programe industrijske politike na razini Europske Unije i Savezne Republike Njemačke koji doprinose gospodarskom rastu i razvoju. Svrha istraživanja jest u konačnici ukazati na značaj i ulogu industrijske politike Europske Unije u promicanju konkurentnosti industrije i samog gospodarstva. ; This paper deals with the research of the European Union's industrial policy. The paper presents the theoretical aspects of industrial policy, different definitions of industrial policy from various authors, tools and instruments, as arguments for and against industrial policy. Then, the development phases of the European Union's industrial policy are described and the European Union industrial policy since the Lisbon Agenda is more elaborated. An overview of the European Union's performance and some of member states is given, and a comparison with Japan and the United States of America. A detailed description of industrial policy within the Europe 2020 strategy is given, as ...
Jedan od praktično i teorijski najvažnijih problema teritorijalne organizacije lokalne samouprave svodi se na dilemu uspostave jednog stupnja ili više stupnjeva lokalnih samoupravnih jedinica. Stupnjevanjem se odgovara na problem i potrebu integracije sustava lokalne samouprave te na potrebu povezivanja tog sustava sa širom državnom organizacijom. Nakon opće rasprave o prednostima i nedostacima stupnjevanja, opsežno je komparativno analizirano stanje u 39 zemalja, 23 razvijene i 16 tranzicijskih. Ustanovljena su četiri tipa teritorijalnih okvira za integraciju sustava lokalne samouprave, jednostupanjski, mješoviti ili segmentirani, dvostupanjski i trostupanjski. Kao glavni faktori koji uvjetuju izbor jednog od tih okvira u pojedinoj zemlji utvrđeni su: veličina lokalnih jedinica, njihovo monotipsko ili politipsko uređenje, veličina države izražena brojem stanovnika te oblik društvenog uređenja (federacije, unitarne države). ; The dilemma about the establishment of one or more levels of local self-government units is one of the most important problems of territorial organisation of local self-government. Levelling is structural answer to the problem and needs to integrate local self-government system itself and to integrate that system into a wider organisation of a state as a whole. At the beginning, the paper deals with general discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of levelling. The situation in almost forty countries has been analysed, including two groups of countries: developed democracies (Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Island, Italia, Japan, Luxemburg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the USA) and transition countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Serbia). Four different types of territorial frames for local self-govern mentsystem integration have been identified: one-tier, mixed or segmented, two-tier, and three-tier systems. Decision to select one of them is conditioned by the average size of local units, monotypic or polytypic design of territorial division of a country, the size of a country in terms of the number of inhabitants, and form of political organisation (federation or unitary state).
Ovaj rad bavi se istraživanjem industrijske politike Europske Unije. U radu se iznosi teorijski aspekt industrijske politike, odnosno, različite definicije industrijske politike raznih autora, alati i instrumenti, kao argumenti za i protiv industrijske politike. Zatim se opisuju razvojne faze industrijske politike Europske Unije, a detaljnije se obrađuje industrijska politika Europske Unije od vremena Lisabonske agende. Daje se pregled industrijske performanse Europske Unije i nekih zemalja članica i usporedba s Japanom i Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Detaljno se opisuje industrijska politika u okviru strategije Europa 2020, prioriteti, inicijative, komunikacije, kao i trenutni izazovi vezani uz modernizaciju industrije. Također, iznose se programi, instrumenti i politike koje izravno i neizravno doprinose industrijskoj politici Europske Unije. Nadalje, prikazuje se način vođenja moderne industrijske politike Savezne Republike Njemačke. Cilj istraživanja jest sintetizirati znanje o industrijskoj politici Europske Unije i prikazati trenutne inicijative i programe industrijske politike na razini Europske Unije i Savezne Republike Njemačke koji doprinose gospodarskom rastu i razvoju. Svrha istraživanja jest u konačnici ukazati na značaj i ulogu industrijske politike Europske Unije u promicanju konkurentnosti industrije i samog gospodarstva. ; This paper deals with the research of the European Union's industrial policy. The paper presents the theoretical aspects of industrial policy, different definitions of industrial policy from various authors, tools and instruments, as arguments for and against industrial policy. Then, the development phases of the European Union's industrial policy are described and the European Union industrial policy since the Lisbon Agenda is more elaborated. An overview of the European Union's performance and some of member states is given, and a comparison with Japan and the United States of America. A detailed description of industrial policy within the Europe 2020 strategy is given, as well as priorities, initiatives, communications and current challenges related to industrial modernization. Also, there are programs, instruments and policies that directly and indirectly contribute to the European Union's industrial policy. Furthermore, the modern industrial policy of the Federal Republic of Germany is presented. The aim of research is to synthesize knowledge of the European Union's industrial policy and present current initiatives and industrial policy programs at EU and Federal Republic of Germany level that contribute to economic growth and development. The purpose of the research is to point out the importance and role of the European Union's industrial policy in promoting competitiveness of the industry and the economy of European Union.
