Joseph II: In the shadow of maria theresa, 1741–1780
In: History of European ideas, Band 9, Heft 5, S. 632-634
ISSN: 0191-6599
56256 Ergebnisse
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In: History of European ideas, Band 9, Heft 5, S. 632-634
ISSN: 0191-6599
In: Journal of Austrian studies, Band 56, Heft 2, S. 109-111
ISSN: 2327-1809
In: Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Kanonistische Abteilung, Band 39, Heft 1, S. 525-533
ISSN: 2304-4896
In: Human affairs: HA ; postdisciplinary humanities & social sciences quarterly, Band 23, Heft 3, S. 344-358
ISSN: 1337-401X
Abstract
When censorship was reformed during the era of Joseph II publishing and the book trade underwent a liberalisation. Enlightenment conceptions helped create the image of the ideal reader—someone who reads to acquire knowledge or to improve his spiritual life. During the reign of Joseph II reading spread to all social strata, but readers' preferences did not follow a reading ideal. This is demonstrated by significant urban-rural disparities. The publishing projects of the Protestant elite met with failure in the distribution phase and with the indifference country people displayed towards spiritual literature. This relates to several other social phenomena such as literacy and living conditions. Archival sources, which are relevant to lending library research, indicate the reading preferences of the urban classes. An uncontrollable reading mania targeted literature and short political and anticlerical writing, which triggered public discussions on the dangers of uncontrolled reading. The print medium helped shape a "reading public", whose reading activities occupied an area between mainstream cultural consumption and the dissemination of political news.
In: Social science journal: official journal of the Western Social Science Association, Band 32, Heft 1, S. 69-85
ISSN: 0362-3319
In: Midwest journal of political science: publication of the Midwest Political Science Association, Band 12, S. 239-258
ISSN: 0026-3397
In: Central European history, Band 46, Heft 4, S. 699-740
ISSN: 1569-1616
On October 18, 1783, a cortege of gala carriages escorted by liveried attendants, lackeys, and trumpeters drew up in the main courtyard of the Hofburg, the Imperial palace in Vienna. Received with military honors, it bore a deputation of the Lower Austrian Estates led by Landmarschall Count Johann Anton Pergen and that included a dozen representatives of the four orders (prelates, lords, knights, and townsmen) that composed the diet. The group ascended into the ceremonial apartments to be welcomed by the Imperial grand chamberlain, who announced its arrival. The emperor's appearance in the audience chamber prompted a short address by Pergen, to whom Joseph II then personally handed his government's annual tax demand. As his mother the Empress Maria Theresa had sometimes done on these occasions, he took advantage of Estates' attendance to raise a matter of special concern. He exhorted them "avec beaucoup de noblesse" to consider ways of revising the provincial cadastre that underlay the system of direct taxation. This prefigured one of the reign's celebrated initiatives that culminated in the great tax and peasant labor reform of 1789. Joseph's participation in a court function that dated back to the middle years of the previous reign and that was rooted in a much older ritual in which the Lower Austrian Estates had in corpore received the tax request out of the monarch's own hands largely conformed to later Theresan practice. But this would be the last time that he observed the rite. In the following year, his absence from Vienna prevented its occurrence, and in 1785 he did away with it altogether.
In: Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Germanistische Abteilung, Band 129, Heft 1, S. 663-666
ISSN: 2304-4861
In: Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Kanonistische Abteilung, Band 21, Heft 1, S. 470-476
ISSN: 2304-4896
In: Annales: histoire, sciences sociales, Band 36, Heft 6, S. 1093-1095
ISSN: 1953-8146
In: European history quarterly, Band 41, Heft 1, S. 109-110
ISSN: 1461-7110
In: Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Germanistische Abteilung, Band 97, Heft 1, S. 411-412
ISSN: 2304-4861
In: Annales: histoire, sciences sociales, Band 55, Heft 4, S. 941-943
ISSN: 1953-8146
In: European history quarterly, Band 20, Heft 3, S. 422-424
ISSN: 1461-7110
In: European Studies Review, Band 5, Heft 4, S. 375-394