THE REFORMS OF JOSEPH II IN THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION GALICIA Y (1780-1790) ; РЕФОРМИ ЙОСИФА ІІ В АВСТРІЙСЬКІЙ ІМПЕРІЇ ТА ЇХНЄ ПОШИРЕННЯ У ГАЛИЧИНІ (1780–1790 рр.)
The paper analyzes the reform of the Austrian Emperor Joseph II in the Austrian Empire and their distribution in Galicia (1780–1790). Special attention is focused on the characteristics of public administration reform, judicial, religious, educational, agricultural, etc. It is shown that the inclusion of the Western lands of the Austrian Empire coincided in time with the first wave of modernization reforms in this country that are 70-80 pp. XVIII. started its Austrian ruler Maria Theresa (1740–1780), and after her death her son continued the case Joseph II (1780–1790). Emperor Joseph II in 1765 ruled with Maria Theresa, and since 1780 - on their own. In the years of their rule finalization of accounts and flourishing Austrian absolutism. As a result of this policy in the second half of the XVIII century. in Austria in the management of significant changes. Activities rulers became more progressive and rational. One important justification for any innovations now considered their benefit for the state and the public. The reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II were aimed at simplifying the management system, and thus its centralizing, modernizing agriculture policy, limiting municipal government and guild privileges, improving education, introduction of a single criminal code, narrowing the influence of the church and others. The results of the reforms of Maria Theresa was: unified judicial system; created a standing army; introduced universal military service; established military income; abolished internal customs borders and fees; created bureaucracy; sorted accounting systems and controls; conducted the first census of population and land; serfdom reduced from 5–6 to 3 days a week (Laws 1771 and 1775); narrowed the jurisdiction of the landlords over the peasants; allowed farmers the right to repurchase hereditary possession of plots of land; subject to the state church; All religious faiths received equal rights; entitled to all inhabitants of the land get an education, and elementary school are allowed to study in their mother tongue; opened wide network of secular schools at state expense. Of particular interest is the analysis and evaluation of judiciary reform in legal proceedings in the Austrian Empire and their distribution in Galicia. ; Проаналізовано реформи австрійського імператора Йосифа ІІ в Австрійській імперії та їхнє поширення у Галичині (1780–1790 рр.). Значну увагу зосереджено на характеристиці реформ державного управління, судочинства, релігійній, освітній, аграрній реформах тощо. Особливий інтерес становить аналіз та оцінка реформ судоустрою у судочинстві в Австрійській імперії та їхнє поширення у Галичині.