Music as Medicine. The History of Music Therapy since Antiquity
In: International review of the aesthetics and sociology of music, Band 31, Heft 1, S. 100
ISSN: 1848-6924
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In: International review of the aesthetics and sociology of music, Band 31, Heft 1, S. 100
ISSN: 1848-6924
In: Parliamentary journal, Band 40, Heft 3, S. 91-92
ISSN: 0048-2994
In: Iranian studies, Band 31, Heft 3-4, S. 561-570
ISSN: 1475-4819
In an Encyclopedia Devoted to Matters Pertaining to Persia and The greater Iranian cultural sphere, musical items cannot be too numerous or diverse. Musical topics fall under four categories: 1) the theory and history of traditional art music; 2) folk music of different regions; 3) musical instruments; and 4) individual musicians and their work, past and present, worthy of mention. Of these, art music provides the most extensive area for representation. The folk music of Persia, with patchy exceptions, has not been adequately studied; unfortunately satisfactory encyclopedia entries cannot be constructed in more than a few areas. The country is very rich in diverse musical instruments, but many are folk instruments about which, again, comparatively little scholarly work has been done. As to individual musicians, there are those medieval figures, mostly claimed by the Arabs and Turks as well, whom we know mainly through their extant writings on the theory of music. Only contemporary figures can be properly identified, both biographically and as to their artistic merits. They are mainly performers of the urban musical tradition.
In: The European legacy: the official journal of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas (ISSEI), Band 2, Heft 1, S. 155-159
ISSN: 1470-1316
In: Signs: journal of women in culture and society, Band 25, Heft 4, S. 1287-1291
ISSN: 1545-6943
In: Human factors: the journal of the Human Factors Society, Band 41, Heft 3, S. 413-424
ISSN: 1547-8181
The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive investigation to document wrist and forearm postures of users of conventional computer keyboards. We instrumented 90 healthy, experienced clerical workers with electromechanical goniometers to measure wrist and forearm position and range of motion for both upper extremities while typing. For an alphabetic typing task, the left wrist showed significantly greater (p < .01) mean ulnar deviation (15.0° ± 7.7°) and extension (21.2° ± 8.8°) than the right wrist (10.1° ± 7.2° and 17.0° ± 7.4° for ulnar deviation and extension, respectively). Conversely, the right forearm had greater mean pronation (65.6° ± 8.3°) than the left forearm (62.2° ± 10.6°). We noted minimal functional differences in the postures of the wrists and forearms between alphabetic and alphanumeric typing tasks. Ergonomists should consider the statistically significant and probable practical difference in wrist and forearm posture between the left and right hand in ergonomic interventions in the office and in the design of computer keyboards. Actual or potential applications of this research include guiding the design of new computer keyboards.
In: The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Band 3, Heft 1, S. 169
ISSN: 1467-9655
In: Ebony, Band 55, Heft 8, S. 140-147
ISSN: 0012-9011
In: Max Weber and the Culture of Anarchy, S. 176-195
In: History of political economy, Band 31, Heft Supplement, S. 121-156
ISSN: 1527-1919
In: History workshop journal: HWJ, Band 46, Heft 1, S. 161-176
ISSN: 1477-4569
In: Contributions to Indian sociology, Band 32, Heft 1, S. 21-42
ISSN: 0973-0648
This paper attempts to explain three widely-held 'stylised facts' about the recent history of north Indian classical music. First, in the precolonial period, music and musicians were patronised by the courts. Second, from the early colonial period patronage declined and music tended to be commercialised. And third, in the process, accumulated knowledge and the quality of crafts manship decayed. In a received view in music scholarship, the transition from patronage to market involved an institutional change and a diffusion of teaching from 'family' to out siders. Decay is attributed to the consequent reluctance of masters to teach well. The paper disputes this view. It suggests that the decay can be seen as an imperfect adaptation by individuals to the changing economic environment, and that this is a more general phenomenon than music scholarship believes. On the other hand, in the instructional system, which was primarily apprenticeship, there was substantial continuity. In this interpretation, music history can be seen to belong to a larger history of north Indian craftsmanship. The paper illustrates this proposition by drawing on the experiences of other skilled urban crafts.
In: Human factors: the journal of the Human Factors Society, Band 41, Heft 4, S. 559-569
ISSN: 1547-8181
A study was conducted on 90 experienced office workers to determine how commercially available alternative computer keyboards affected wrist and forearm posture. The alternative keyboards tested had the QWERTY layout of keys and were of three designs: split fixed angle, split adjustable angle, and vertically inclined (tilted or tented). When set up correctly, commercially available split keyboards reduced mean ulnar deviation of the right and left wrists from 12° to within 5° of a neutral position compared with a conventional keyboard. The finding that split keyboards place the wrist closer to a neutral posture in the radial/ulnar plane substantially reduces one occupational risk factor of workrelated musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs): ulnar deviation of the wrist. Applications of this research include commercially available computer keyboard designs that typists can use and ergonomists can recommend to their clients in order to minimize wrist ulnar deviation from typing.
In: Soldier: the British Army magazine, Band 54, Heft 11, S. 65
ISSN: 0038-1004
In: International review of the aesthetics and sociology of music, Band 28, Heft 2, S. 143
ISSN: 1848-6924