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The practice and composition of music require patronage and institutional support, and they require it in a different fashion from that found in other forms of art. This collection of essays brings together the most recent and important contributions by leading scholars in the field to this crucial aspect of Renaissance musical culture. The articles approach the topic from a number of perspectives and consider the institutions and individuals engaged in supporting music; the systems of employment, benefices and sponsorship put in place to facilitate the support; and where, how and why music was sung and played. Taken together, these articles enable conclusions to be drawn about the interests of patrons and about the social and artistic status of musicians and composers within the courtly and urban context. - Publisher

Dante's impact on music has been studied completely enough, but so far mainly in an empirical and descriptive way. The article examines the works of romantic composers of the 19th - early 20th centuries, based on the plot of Dante's "Divine Comedy": Liszt's fantasy-sonata "After reading Dante" and the "Dante-Symphony", the "Francesca da Rimini" by Tchaikovsky (symphonic fantasy) and Rachmaninoff (opera). The author analyses compositional and stylistic models of the romantic music inspired by Dante's poetry as a system, which is relevant for modern musicology, in particular, for the theories of musical language, style, and musical meaning. Along with the traditional musicological methods of analysis of form and intonational dramaturgy, an interdisciplinary methodology is applied, associated with the coverage of the entire system of musical compositional prototypes as a structuring of meaning. This has a pronounced narrative poetic nature in romantic music. The results of the study demonstrate a system of structural and semantic invariants (secondary, musical models) conditioned by Dante's figurative world and manifested in melody, harmony, fret organization, composition. The conclusions of the article reveal the roles of Dante's models of the world in the works considered in the following aspects: in the process of extreme intensification of the contrasts of romantic music in the semantic coordinates of "Hell – Paradise"; "Love – Death"; in the approval of the concept of Liebestod; in the creation of new, extreme expressive possibilities for the given style, which significantly expanded the idea of the boundaries of beauty and caused transformations in musical sound (harmony, texture, melody); in the formation of stable idioms of romantic music from Liszt to Rachmaninov; in the modification of the structures of a one-part sonata, of the cyclic symphony, and of opera, which have received the quality of a vectorial dramaturgical process and open dramaturgy.

The female image presented in the small painting "Allegory of Music" by Filippino Lippi (Gemaeldegalerie, Berlin) is most likely associated with the plot of a theatrical performance played out in 1475 in Pesaro on the occasion of the wedding of Costanzo Sforza and Camilla of Aragon. Th e similarity of the attributes of the heroine with the attributes of the muse Erato, who greeted the newlyweds, was pointed out by A. Warburg, who placed two images, the Filippino board and an illustration from the Vatican manuscript containing the text of the wedding performance, next to each other in his "Mnemosine Atlas". It is impossible to substantiate this version with documents, but the Florentine artist, who nominally interprets the plot differently from the anonymous northern Italian miniatur-ist, could be familiar with the description of the celebration, known not only from illustrated lists, but also from printed brochures. Th e origins of the "Allegory of Music" are traditionally traced to a wedding commission — on the occasion of the marriage of Giovanni Vespucci and Namicina Nerli in 1500 — which also included paired spalliers depicting "History of Lucretia" and "History of Virginia" by San-dro Botticelli and a panel by Piero di Cosimo displaying bacchanalia. Th e present article advances arguments in favor of this version, building on other episodes of cooperation between Botticelli and Filippino Lippi, both between the two of them and with the two intermarried Florentine families. Th e painting in question contains elements that may indicate its connection with the wedding ritual. It is impossible to establish how all the listed panels were arranged in the interior. How-ever, on the whole, this alleged ensemble, designed in the all'antica style, could be thought of as a glorification of sublime and chaste love. Th e theme, traditional for the decoration of the matrimonial bedroom, is eleborated simultaneously in brutal scenes from Roman history, which in Florentine artistic culture were laden with explicit republican connotations, as well as in small-scale mythological "poetry", that soft ens political accents and, moreover, can be associated with a magnificent princely wedding, glorifying the nobility of the newlyweds.

The work is devoted to the study of the film music of one of the bright composers of the twentieth century, Alfred Garrievich Schnittke. The music scores of the composer for feature films, TV films and documentaries of major Russian film directors are in the center of attention. Among them there are E. Klimov, I. Talankin, A. Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky, Y. Karasik. In this work, the author used a "multi-step" principle of analysis: from the literary source and the actual director's revealing of the plot to the composer's music scores and music in the film, regarded as similar but not identical "texts".

This article considers the problems of Power Point presentations on music lessons in the preschool educational institutions.

Роль музыки в международных отношениях, долгое время оставаясь в тени политической пропаганды, вышла на первый план ряда новейших исследований. Музыкальные контакты между народами, с участием или без участия правительств, анализируются с перекрёстной перспективы истории международных отношений, политологии, социологии и музыковедения. Принятые теории культурной дипломатии и мягкой силы, как правило, не учитывали специфики невербальных видов искусства, что требовало обновления методологической базы и развития эмпирических исследований. Эту задачу решают ряд англоязычных специалистов по новому направлению музыкальной дипломатии, представленных в рецензируемом томе. Лидер направления, проф. Гиноу-Хехт, впервые собрала под одной обложкой историков и музыковедов, что позволило сравнить различные исследовательские подходы и подвести первые итоги. Невербальная, эмоциональная коммуникация носит многомерный характер, выходящий за рамки политических категорий. В этом диалоге зрительская аудитория не является пассивным реципиентом, но находится в известном смысле в позиции силы, когда источники музыкальной дипломатии должны действовать в условиях конкуренции, учитывать желания и интересы партнёров, дискурсивные практики и хабитус целевых аудиторий, а также не могут полагаться на силовой ресурс, обычный в классической дипломатии. ; The role of music in international relations for a long time remaining in the shadow of political propaganda has come to the forefront of a number of new studies. Musical contacts between nations with or without the participation of governments are analyzed from the cross perspective of the history of international relations, political science, sociology and musicology. The accepted theories of cultural diplomacy and soft power, as a rule, did not take into account the specifics of non-verbal arts which required updating the methodological base and development of empirical research. This task is being solved by a number of English-speaking experts on the new direction of musical diplomacy, presented in the peer-reviewed volume. Leader of the direction, prof. Gynow-Hecht for the first time gathered under one cover historians and musicologists which allowed to compare different research approaches and sum up the first results. Non-verbal emotional communication is multidimensional going beyond political categories. In this dialogue the audience is not a passive recipient but is in a certain sense in the position of power, when the sources of musical diplomacy must operate in a competitive environment, take into account the desires and interests of partners, discursive practices and the habit of target audiences and can not rely on a power resource, usual in classical diplomacy.

The paper considers the representation of Turkmen music culture in
the Soviet almanac "Ayding-Gyunler" (1934) and aims to recognize the patterns of
including vernacular culture into the Soviet literary field. The analysis of the texts'
content and the archival sources, including unpublished ones, sheds a light on the
processes of incorporation of the so-called "national" culture into the Soviet context,
such as declared decolonization and an attempt to "understand the new Turkmenistan". The analysis is put into historical and cultural perspective of recognizing the
typical Turkmen traits of the music culture in the texts of the almanac. Th e archival
sources include unpublished notes on the Turkmen folklore, which is considered as
one of the sources of the writers' work. Th e texts of the almanac represent the view
of the Europeans –members of the writers' brigade who provided materials for the
almanac. The poem by Turkmen author Durdy Klych is strongly connected with
vernacular culture, but being put into the context of the almanac, it gains a new use
for the aims of the Soviet literature. The view of the Turkmen culture in the almanac
remains oriental, which dissonates with the proclaimed "deexotization" of the Soviet policy. However, further investigation into the next almanac "Turkmenistan"
should be made. It is probable that the integration continued and the view of the
writers changed according to the contemporary Soviet policy.

The article is devoted to the study of special aspects of musical images realization in the creative works of Yury Levitanksy, whose poetry has strong influence of intermedia based on the synthesis of various spheres of art such as cinema, music and pictorial art. The natural connection of Levitansky's poetry and music can be easily observed in the names of a number of his poems named "Tune…" or "Song…". The life of the poet itself is often described as having musical connection. This fact is reflected in such names as "Bossa Nova in an endless day", "The capriccio of a springtime forest…", etc. In Levitansky's works music becomes the embodiment of life itself, a symbol of the natural cycle. In his poems, where human life is compared to a pathway, the poet also uses musical themes and musical images. Even the poems of social and political issues are associated with the theme of music in Levitansky. Music in his poems is one of the basic powers of the universe, material and ethereal aspects, the existence of humanity, separate areas of human lives. It possesses the idea of global inclusion. In some cases the name of a poem can refer to the idea of inseparability of music and nature ("Waltz to the tune of a blizzard").Noting the organic connection of Levitansky's poetry with music, the attention is drawn to the fact that in the creative consciousness of the poet, music becomes a symbol and the very foundation of life, the embodiment of the deepest mystery of being, universal harmony. It is not surprising that Levitansky's music itself is often anthropomorphic, acquiring the qualities and attributes of a living being.Key words: Yury Levitansky's creative work, intermedia, synthesis, lyric poetry, music, musical images. ; Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей воплощения музыкальной темы и музыкальных образов в творчестве Ю. Левитанского, поэзия которого имеет ярко выраженный интермедиальный характер и основана на синтезе различных видов искусства – кино, музыки и живописи. В частности, об органической связи поэзии Левитанского с музыкой красноречиво свидетельствует тот факт, что целый ряд стихотворений поэта получил название «Песенка…» или «Песня…». Сама жизнь у поэта нередко соотносится с музыкальными формами, что находит отражение в таких названиях произведений, как «Босса Нова о нескончаемом дне», «Весеннего леса каприччо…» и др. В творчестве Левитанского музыка становится воплощением самой жизни, символом природного цикла. В стихотворениях, где жизнь человека уподобляется дороге, поэт также не обходится без музыкальной темы, музыкальных образов. Даже стихотворения социально-политической проблематики связываются у Левитанского с темой музыки. Музыка в его творчестве становится одной из основ и мироздания – земных и небесных сфер, человеческого существования, разных аспектов человеческого бытия, обнаруживая идею единства всего сущего и слитности мира. Иногда само название стихотворения указывает на характерную для поэта идею неразрывности природного и музыкального начал («Вальс на мотив метели»). Отмечая органическую связь поэзии Левитанского с музыкой, мы обращаем внимание на то, что в творческом сознании поэта музыка становится символом и самой основой жизни, воплощением глубинной тайны бытия, всеобщей гармонии. Не удивительно, что и сама музыка у Левитанского нередко антропоморфизируется, приобретает свойства, качества живого существа.Ключевые слова: творчество Ю. Левитанского, интермедиальность, синтез, поэзия, музыка, музыкальные образы. ; Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей воплощения музыкальной темы и музыкальных образов в творчестве Ю. Левитанского, поэзия которого имеет ярко выраженный интермедиальный характер и основана на синтезе различных видов искусства – кино, музыки и живописи. В частности, об органической связи поэзии Левитанского с музыкой красноречиво свидетельствует тот факт, что целый ряд стихотворений поэта получил название «Песенка…» или «Песня…». Сама жизнь у поэта нередко соотносится с музыкальными формами, что находит отражение в таких названиях произведений, как «Босса Нова о нескончаемом дне», «Весеннего леса каприччо…» и др. В творчестве Левитанского музыка становится воплощением самой жизни, символом природного цикла. В стихотворениях, где жизнь человека уподобляется дороге, поэт также не обходится без музыкальной темы, музыкальных образов. Даже стихотворения социально-политической проблематики связываются у Левитанского с темой музыки. Музыка в его творчестве становится одной из основ и мироздания – земных и небесных сфер, человеческого существования, разных аспектов человеческого бытия, обнаруживая идею единства всего сущего и слитности мира. Иногда само название стихотворения указывает на характерную для поэта идею неразрывности природного и музыкального начал («Вальс на мотив метели»). Отмечая органическую связь поэзии Левитанского с музыкой, мы обращаем внимание на то, что в творческом сознании поэта музыка становится символом и самой основой жизни, воплощением глубинной тайны бытия, всеобщей гармонии. Не удивительно, что и сама музыка у Левитанского нередко антропоморфизируется, приобретает свойства, качества живого существа.Ключевые слова: творчество Ю. Левитанского, интермедиальность, синтез, поэзия, музыка, музыкальные образы.