Music History
In: The Salisbury review: a quarterly magazine of conservative thought, Band 27, Heft 3, S. 46-47
ISSN: 0265-4881
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In: The Salisbury review: a quarterly magazine of conservative thought, Band 27, Heft 3, S. 46-47
ISSN: 0265-4881
In: Human factors: the journal of the Human Factors Society, Band 14, Heft 1, S. 51-63
ISSN: 1547-8181
The standard typewriter keyboard serves as a model for keyboards of teletypewriters, desk calculators, consoles, computer keysets, cash registers, etc. This man-machine interface should be designed to allow high-frequency, error-free operation with the least possible strain on the operator. This paper discusses several feasible biomechanical improvements of the keyboard. Some experimental findings are described which support the following design concepts: (1) the keys should be arranged in a "hand-configured" grouping to simplify the motion patterns of the fingers; (2) the keyboard sections allotted to each hand should be physically separated to facilitate the positioning of the fingers; and (3) the keyboard sections allotted to each hand should be declined laterally to reduce postural muscular strain of the operator.
In: Journal of visual impairment & blindness: JVIB, Band 74, Heft 8, S. 317-318
ISSN: 1559-1476
Describes a simple way to familiarize blind students with the layout of a typewriter keyboard: Brailled letters of the alphabet were Thermoformed and glued to ¾ "-square ceramic tiles that had a Velcro backing. The tiles could be in turn positioned along strips of Velcro to simulate the position of typewriter keys. Once students had gained familiarity with this layout, their knowledge was tested by having them detect which tiles were missing or incorrectly positioned.
In: Human factors: the journal of the Human Factors Society, Band 38, Heft 4, S. 654-664
ISSN: 1547-8181
This study examines the relationship between forearm EMGs and keyboard reaction forces in 10 people during keyboard tasks performed at a comfortable speed. A linear fit of EMG force data for each person and finger was calculated during static fingertip loading. An average r2 of .71 was observed for forces below 50% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). These regressions were used to characterize EMG data in force units during the typing task. Averaged peak reaction forces measured during typing ranged from 3.33 N (thumb) to 1.84 N (little finger), with an overall average of 2.54 N, which represents about 10% MVC and 5.4 times the key switch make force (0.47 N). Individual peak or mean finger forces obtained from EMG were greater (1.2 to 3.2 times) than force measurements; hence the range of r2 for EMG force was .10 to .46. A closer correspondence between EMG and peak force was obtained using EMG averaged across all fingers. For 5 of the participants the force computed from EMG was within ±20% of the reaction force. For the other 5 participants forces were overestimated. For 9 participants the difference between EMG estimated force and the reaction force was less than 13% MVC. It is suggested that the difference between EMG and finger force partly results from the amount of muscle load not captured by the measured applied force.
In: Middle East Studies Association bulletin, Band 41, Heft 1, S. 1-1
In: Middle East Studies Association bulletin, Band 40, Heft 2, S. 153-153
In: Middle East Studies Association bulletin, Band 40, Heft 1, S. 1-1
In: Middle East Studies Association bulletin, Band 39, Heft 2, S. 161-161
In: Middle East Studies Association bulletin, Band 39, Heft 1, S. 1-1
In: Middle East Studies Association bulletin, Band 38, Heft 2, S. 161-161
In: Middle East Studies Association bulletin, Band 38, Heft 1, S. 1-1
In: Middle East Studies Association bulletin, Band 37, Heft 2, S. 177-177
In: Middle East Studies Association bulletin, Band 37, Heft 1, S. 1-1
In: Journal of social history, Band 52, Heft 2, S. 383-389
ISSN: 1527-1897
In: The Yale review, Band 87, Heft 1, S. 132-138
ISSN: 1467-9736