Suchergebnisse

" This study takes a hard look at human trafficking in the northern region of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) in the context of rapid economic and social change. The Lao PDR is made up of close to 49 main ethnic groups and up to 160 subgroups. Rapid economic growth and infrastructure development have differing effects on different ethnicities; increased out-migration and mobility for some, social disruption for others when the integrity of cultural roles and norms is compromised. Some ethnic groups adapt; others become more vulnerable to migration and human trafficking activities. Relocation, whether voluntary or involuntary, appears to increase the risk of cultural disruption and migration, often leading to trafficking. The study uses ethnicity and social conditions to understand what motivates migration and creates vulnerability, making a strong case for greater attention to culture and ethnicity when designing development policy and programs. It provides analysis and recommendations aimed at mitigating the increased vulnerability of ethnic groups to trafficking on account of loss of traditional livelihoods and cultural norms. It suggests that the key lies not only in providing an enabling environment for government agencies to trust local knowledge but also in getting the government to set good examples and earn the trust of villagers, especially members of ethnic minorities.

The Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2009 or Key Indicators 2009 is the 40th edition of this series, a statistical data book presenting economic, financial, social, and environmental indicators for regional members of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). In this edition, the content and presentation of statistical information follows the pattern established in last year's Key Indicators with short nontechnical explanations of what the statistics mean and brief analyses on economic, financial, social, and environmental developments in the Asia and Pacific region. The tables and commentaries are again divided into two groups. The first group refers to the Millennium Development Goals and show the progress of the Asia and Pacific countries toward eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, providing universal access to primary education, reducing child mortality, ensuring environmental sustainability, and other important development goals. The second group of tables provides a broader picture of economic, financial, social, and environmental developments in the region. They are divided into seven themes namely, People; Economy and Output; Money, Finance and Prices; Globalization; Infrastructure; Government and Governance; and Energy and Environment. Each theme is introduced by a short analytic text identifying the main developments over the recent past.

The Pacific is a region of great diversity but it is also a region of common problems and issues. Each country has unique characteristics, so country partnership strategies are prepared for each DMC. However, despite their diff erences, similarities in culture, traditions, history, and geography mean that they face many common development challenges as well as opportunities for cooperation and coordination. An ADB study of the case for further regionalism supported the formulation of the Pacifi c Plan.1 A signifi cant common feature is that most Pacifi c DMCs exhibit fragile situations.2 ADB's approach to assisting the Pacifi c (Th e Pacifi c Approach) addresses these common challenges and opportunities, and seeks to identify where and how regional approaches and common guidelines can be used to improve the eff ectiveness of development assistance. Th e Pacifi c Approach addresses broad, strategic concerns.

The Pacific is a region of great diversity but it is also a region of common problems and issues. Each country has unique characteristics, so country partnership strategies are prepared for each DMC. However, despite their diff erences, similarities in culture, traditions, history, and geography mean that they face many common development challenges as well as opportunities for cooperation and coordination. An ADB study of the case for further regionalism supported the formulation of the Pacifi c Plan.1 A signifi cant common feature is that most Pacifi c DMCs exhibit fragile situations.2 ADB's approach to assisting the Pacifi c (Th e Pacifi c Approach) addresses these common challenges and opportunities, and seeks to identify where and how regional approaches and common guidelines can be used to improve the eff ectiveness of development assistance. Th e Pacifi c Approach addresses broad, strategic concerns.

" This study takes a hard look at human trafficking in the northern region of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) in the context of rapid economic and social change. The Lao PDR is made up of close to 49 main ethnic groups and up to 160 subgroups. Rapid economic growth and infrastructure development have differing effects on different ethnicities; increased out-migration and mobility for some, social disruption for others when the integrity of cultural roles and norms is compromised. Some ethnic groups adapt; others become more vulnerable to migration and human trafficking activities. Relocation, whether voluntary or involuntary, appears to increase the risk of cultural disruption and migration, often leading to trafficking. The study uses ethnicity and social conditions to understand what motivates migration and creates vulnerability, making a strong case for greater attention to culture and ethnicity when designing development policy and programs. It provides analysis and recommendations aimed at mitigating the increased vulnerability of ethnic groups to trafficking on account of loss of traditional livelihoods and cultural norms. It suggests that the key lies not only in providing an enabling environment for government agencies to trust local knowledge but also in getting the government to set good examples and earn the trust of villagers, especially members of ethnic minorities.

Key Indicators 2007 is the 38th edition that presents a set of comprehensive social and economic annual data series on the Asian Development Bank's (ADB) developing member countries (DMCs). It is also the 7th edition that has a special chapter examining the measurement aspects of a key issue pervading the region. This year's special chapter is titled "Inequality in Asia." This edition has 38 regional tables that compare indicators of the Millennium Development Goals and other key statistics across the 44 DMCs and 45 country tables, each with 8-year data series on social, economic, and financial statistics.

The countries in the Pacific vary widely with respect to size, topography, geographic isolation, resource endowments, vulnerability, population, and culture. These island countries are scattered over a vast area that makes up nearly one third of the globe. Many of the countries are the embodiment of the traditional vision of an island paradise. Yet despite what some would consider as idyllic circumstances of sun, sand, and sea, the countries of the region are relatively poor and growth has been disappointing, especially in relation to the amount of external funds that have been invested.

The countries in the Pacific vary widely with respect to size, topography, geographic isolation, resource endowments, vulnerability, population, and culture. These island countries are scattered over a vast area that makes up nearly one third of the globe. Many of the countries are the embodiment of the traditional vision of an island paradise. Yet despite what some would consider as idyllic circumstances of sun, sand, and sea, the countries of the region are relatively poor and growth has been disappointing, especially in relation to the amount of external funds that have been invested.

This study examines the trends and potential problems in education among DMCs. Of foremost importance are the changes taking place in education quality, equity and access, finance, and management, as well as their implications for policy, strategy, and external assistance.

This study examines the trends and potential problems in education among DMCs. Of foremost importance are the changes taking place in education quality, equity and access, finance, and management, as well as their implications for policy, strategy, and external assistance.

Can leaders shape identity and legitimize new political orders? I address this question by studying the role of Mustafa Kemal, the founder of modern Turkey, in spreading a new national identity. Using a generalized difference-in-differences design, which exploits time and geographic variation in Kemal's visits to cities, I test whether exposure to a charismatic leader affects citizens' take-up of the new Turkish identity. I find that people living in cities visited are more likely to embrace the common identity, as proxied by the adoption of first names in "Pure Turkish", the new language introduced by the state. I also show that Kemal was more efficient in making people use the new language, compared to Ismet Inonu, the Prime Minister and Kemal's second man, suggesting that he had an idiosyncratic effect. I find that the effect is mostly driven by cities where he met with local elites, rather than the mass, and are not driven by places that had a nationalist club during the Ottoman Empire. Overall, the findings are consistent with the Weberian view that charismatic authority can induce others to follow and legitimize new political orders.

Can leaders shape identity and legitimize new political orders? I address this question by studying the role of Mustafa Kemal, the founder of modern Turkey, in spreading a new national identity. Using a generalized difference-in-differences design, which exploits time and geographic variation in Kemal's visits to cities, I test whether exposure to a charismatic leader affects citizens' take-up of the new Turkish identity. I find that people living in cities visited are more likely to embrace the common identity, as proxied by the adoption of first names in "Pure Turkish", the new language introduced by the state. I also show that Kemal was more efficient in making people use the new language, compared to Ismet Inonu, the Prime Minister and Kemal's second man, suggesting that he had an idiosyncratic effect. I find that the effect is mostly driven by cities where he met with local elites, rather than the mass, and are not driven by places that had a nationalist club during the Ottoman Empire. Overall, the findings are consistent with the Weberian view that charismatic authority can induce others to follow and legitimize new political orders.

Can leaders shape identity and legitimize new political orders? I address this question by studying the role of Mustafa Kemal, the founder of modern Turkey, in spreading a new national identity. Using a generalized difference-in-differences design, which exploits time and geographic variation in Kemal's visits to cities, I test whether exposure to a charismatic leader affects citizens' take-up of the new Turkish identity. I find that people living in cities visited are more likely to embrace the common identity, as proxied by the adoption of first names in "Pure Turkish", the new language introduced by the state. I also show that Kemal was more efficient in making people use the new language, compared to Ismet Inonu, the Prime Minister and Kemal's second man, suggesting that he had an idiosyncratic effect. I find that the effect is mostly driven by cities where he met with local elites, rather than the mass, and are not driven by places that had a nationalist club during the Ottoman Empire. Overall, the findings are consistent with the Weberian view that charismatic authority can induce others to follow and legitimize new political orders.