Suchergebnisse

The book presents three articles written from the conferences that Boaventura de Sousa Santos performed at the University of Buenos Aires – Social Sciences Faculty. The issues adressed on each chapter concern topics related to ethics and politics in contemporary societies, as well as the social relations implied on these themes. The growning inequalities among developed and third world countries, as well as local, regional and global relations are presented by the author in order to renew critical theory and to plunge into the political discussion through knowledge production and dissemination. ; O livro reúne três seminários desenvolvidos por Boaventura de Sousa Santos na Faculdade de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Buenos Aires sobre questões relativas à ética e à política nas sociedades contemporâneas. Visando transformar as relações sociais implicadas nas crescentes disparidades existentes entre os países centrais e os periféricos, o autor discute questões locais, regionais e de caráter global no intuito de renovar a teoria crítica e aprofundar a luta política progressista visando a transformação social por meio da produção de conhecimento.

Despite the relevance of judicial services for the operation of government and society as a whole, the provision of this service in Brazil has almost no received interest from public administration scholars. In this essay we discuss the judicial services based on the co-production concept, the management models and the mechanisms of user's participation. The purpose of this article is to encourage the co-production of judicial services in Brazil. The work shows how some judicial services are co-produced and how this process could be improved based on the role of judges and managers. Therefore, we offer a set of theoretical propositions to be tested empirically in future studies. We provide conceptual tools to assist researchers in the description, evaluation and prediction of different modes of coproduction of judicial services. In addition, we reinforce with managers and members of the Judiciary the importance of strategically considering the experience and participation of users in the production and delivery of services. ; A pesar de la relevancia de los servicios judiciales para el funcionamiento del gobierno y la sociedad como un todo, una prestación de este tipo de servicio no Brasil prácticamente no recibió interés por parte de los estudiosos de la administración pública. Discutimos no presente ensaio los servicios judiciales con base no concepto de coproducción, nos modelos de gestión y nos mecanismos de participación de usuarios y prestadores de servicios. El objetivo del artículo es incentivar la coproducción de servicios judiciales en Brasil. O trabalho muestra como algunos servicios judiciales son coproduzidos, y como esta coproducción está relacionada con el papel de juicios y gestores. Para tanto, se ha propuesto un conjunto de propuestas teóricas y se ha probado empíricamente en estudios futuros. El trabajo ofrece herramientas para los investigadores auxiliares en la descripción, la evaluación y la preimpresión de los diferentes modos de coproducción de los servicios judiciales. Además, los gestores y los miembros del sistema judicial están alertados de la importancia de considerar estratégicamente la experiencia y participación de los usuarios en la producción y entrega de los servicios. ; Apesar da relevância dos serviços judiciários para o funcionamento do governo e da sociedade como um todo, a prestação desse tipo de serviço no Brasil praticamente não tem recebido interesse por parte de estudiosos da administração pública. Neste ensaio, discutimos os serviços judiciários com base no conceito de coprodução, nos modelos de gestão e nos mecanismos de participação de usuários e prestadores dos serviços. O objetivo do artigo é incentivar a coprodução dos serviços judiciários no Brasil. A pesquisa mostra como alguns serviços judiciários são coproduzidos e como esse processo poderia ser aprimorado com base no papel de juízes e gestores. Para tanto, oferecemos um conjunto de proposições teóricas a ser testado empiricamente em estudos futuros. Fornecemos ferramentas conceituais para auxiliar pesquisadores na descrição, avaliação e predição dos diferentes modos de coprodução de serviços judiciários. Além disso, reforçamos junto a gestores e membros do Judiciário a importância de considerar estrategicamente a experiência e a participação dos usuários na produção e na entrega dos serviços.

Foregrounded on the theoretical and methodological presuppositions of French Discourse Analysis, current paper embodies the Foucauldian idea of History as a discontinuous set of temporalities and recovers the discourse of the most important event in Brazil during 2010. Dilma Rousseff was indicated as the presidential candidate of the Workers´ Party (PT), as the successor of Luis Inácio Lula da Silva. Facts and events that comprised conditions for the presidential race during the period are discussed, whilst force relationships that delineate the political and media discourse are problematized. Current paper analyzes the regularities/ dispersions that guide Dilma´s and Lula´s discursiveness within a 208-issue archive of the weekly magazines CartaCapital, Época, IstoÉ and Veja published during the election year. Results show the production of a discursive effect of the Lula-Dilma co-presence which, in three magazines, makes explicit a lack of qualification of the candidate´s image as a product manufactured for electoral purposes. On the other hand, in CartaCapital, as dispersion, the discursive effect underscores a partnership of the two subjects as basic for the continuity of PT´s policy. ; Com base nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise do Discurso (AD) de linha francesa, este artigo assume a concepção foucaultiana de história, como um conjunto descontínuo de temporalidades, e recupera os fios discursivos de um acontecimento singular no contexto brasileiro de 2010 – a indicação de Dilma Rousseff como candidata pelo Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), para sucessão de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Tomando o emaranhado de fatos e eventos que compuseram as condições de possibilidade da corrida presidencial do período e problematizando as relações de força que delineiam na contemporaneidade um discurso político-midiático, o presente trabalho busca analisar as regularidades/dispersões que orientam a discursivização de Dilma e Lula em um arquivo formado pelas 208 edições dos semanários CartaCapital, Época, IstoÉ e Veja, que foram publicados no ano eleitoral. Os resultados mostram a produção de um efeito discursivo de copresença Lula-Dilma, o qual, em três das mídias analisadas, explicita uma desqualificação da imagem da petista, como produto criado com fins eleitorais. Enquanto dispersão, na CartaCapital, o efeito discursivo destaca a parceria dos dois sujeitos como essencial à continuidade da política empreendida pelo partido.

The article presents the results of a survey carried out in the European Union (EU) regarding the production and use of biogas from different sources. The EU is a world leader in the field of biogas, with a production of 10,085.8 ktoe y-1 (in 2011) in terms of primary energy, accounting for about 60% of the world's production. Germany is the EU country that has made the greatest progress in this field with a production of as much as 5,067.6 ktoe y-1, of which a share of 4,414.2 ktoe y-1 results from anaerobic digestion (and co-digestion) processes of selected organic matrices. UK is the second largest producer with 1,764.8 ktoe y 1, determined for 84% by landfill biogas and the remainder by biogas produced in sewage treatment plants (sludge digestion). Italy (1,095.7 ktoe y-1) and France (349.6 ktoe y-1) follow in the list of the largest producers. The trend of biogas production, in accordance with the action lines of the EU, is characterized by a progressive increase from anaerobic digestion (and co-digestion) of selected organic matrices and a progressive decrease from landfills. Production in 2020 is estimated at 28.0 Mtoe y-1 in accordance with the EU Renewable Energy National Plans. The uses of biogas are mainly directed to the production of electricity and heat. There are, however, several cases of conversion of biogas into biomethane injected into the natural gas grids or used as biofuel in vehicles. In this last direction, worthy of note are a few north-central EU countries which have implemented an effective policy to promote the use of biomethane for public and private transport. ; O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada na União Europeia sobre a produção e utilização de biogás a partir das diferentes fontes. A União Europeia demonstra um papel de liderança mundial na área de biogás, com a sua produção de 10.085,8 ktoe ano-1 (em 2011) em termos de energia primária, respondendo por cerca de 60% da produção mundial. A Alemanha é o país europeu que tem feito os maiores progressos neste domínio, com uma produção tanto quanto 5.067,6 ktoe ano-1, dos quais uma parte de 4.414,2 ktoe ano-1 resulta dos processos de digestão anaeróbia (e co-digestão) de matrizes orgânicas selecionadas. O Reino Unido é o segundo maior produtor da Europa com uma quota de 1.764,8 ktoe ano-1, com 84% do biogás proveniente de aterros sanitários e o restante produzido em estações de tratamento de esgotos (digestão do lodo). Itália (1.095,7 ktoe ano-1) e França (349,6 ktoe ano-1) seguem na lista dos maiores produtores europeus de biogás. A tendência de produção de biogás, de acordo com as linhas de ação da UE, é caracterizada por um aumento progressivo na produção de biogás em plantas de digestão anaeróbica (e co-digestão) de matrizes orgânicas selecionadas e uma diminuição progressiva da produção de aterros sanitários, com uma estimativa de 28,0 Mtoe ano-1 a serem produzidos em 2020, de acordo com os Planos Nacionais de Energias renováveis da UE. Os usos do biogás são direcionados principalmente para a produção de eletricidade e calor. Há, no entanto, vários casos de conversão de biogás em biometano a ser injetado na rede de gás natural ou para ser usado diretamente como gás biocarburante em veículos. Esta tendência ocorre principalmente em alguns países do centro-norte da UE, que têm implementado uma política eficaz para promover o uso de biometano para transportes públicos e privados. ; The article presents the results of a survey carried out in the European Union (EU) regarding the production and use of biogas from different sources. The EU is a world leader in the field of biogas, with a production of 10,085.8 ktoe y-1 (in 2011) in terms of primary energy, accounting for about 60% of the world's production. Germany is the EU country that has made the greatest progress in this field with a production of as much as 5,067.6 ktoe y-1, of which a share of 4,414.2 ktoe y-1 results from anaerobic digestion (and co-digestion) processes of selected organic matrices. UK is the second largest producer with 1,764.8 ktoe y 1, determined for 84% by landfill biogas and the remainder by biogas produced in sewage treatment plants (sludge digestion). Italy (1,095.7 ktoe y-1) and France (349.6 ktoe y-1) follow in the list of the largest producers. The trend of biogas production, in accordance with the action lines of the EU, is characterized by a progressive increase from anaerobic digestion (and co-digestion) of selected organic matrices and a progressive decrease from landfills. Production in 2020 is estimated at 28.0 Mtoe y-1 in accordance with the EU Renewable Energy National Plans. The uses of biogas are mainly directed to the production of electricity and heat. There are, however, several cases of conversion of biogas into biomethane injected into the natural gas grids or used as biofuel in vehicles. In this last direction, worthy of note are a few north-central EU countries which have implemented an effective policy to promote the use of biomethane for public and private transport.

In times of restriction of the rights guaranteed by law, deconstruction of education, censorship of art, and devaluation of culture by the current federal administration, it is sought to think through, in the light of Hannah Arendt (2001), the sense of co-labor-action in material production, based on experiences related to the making-living of ceramics in the quilombola community of Conceição das Crioulas, located in the central sertão of Pernambuco, Brazil. To do this, the research that results in this article works between the resistance movements related to the land and the feminine, according to the material imagination of Gaston Bachelard (2001), to grasp the effects of retroactivation of co-labor-action on community resistance, starting from the way how the quilombola community of Conceição das Crioulas shares its territory and drives its practices. By means of a phenomenological nature and a qualitative approach, this article is grounded in the accounts and registers of the experiences conducted within the period from July 2018 to June 2019 and in the narratives of masters and people from the locality. It is concluded that the idea of co-labor-action in the making-living of ceramics at the Quilombo de Conceição das Crioulas constitutes a sense of fissure in the exclusion and cooptation of material production by the hegemonic system, if this is thought as a political action. ; Em tempos de cerceamento dos direitos garantidos em lei, desconstrução da educação, censura da arte e desvalorização da cultura pelo atual governo federal, busca-se refletir, à luz de Hannah Arendt (2001), o sentido da co-labor-ação na produção material, a partir de vivências ligadas ao fazer-viver da cerâmica na comunidade quilombola de Conceição das Crioulas, situada no sertão central de Pernambuco. Para tanto, a pesquisa que resulta neste artigo transita entre os movimentos de resistência relacionados à terra e ao feminino, segundo a imaginação material de Gaston Bachelard (2001), para compreender os efeitos de retroativação da co-labor-ação na resistência da comunidade, partindo do modo como a comunidade quilombola de Conceição das Crioulas partilha seu território e movimenta suas práticas. De natureza fenomenológica e abordagem qualitativa, este artigo se fundamenta nos relatos e registros das vivências realizadas no período de julho de 2018 a junho de 2019 e nas narrativas de mestras, mestres e pessoas da localidade. Conclui-se que a ideia de co-labor-ação no fazer-viver da cerâmicado Quilombo de Conceição das Crioulas constitui um sentido de fissura na exclusão e cooptação da produção material pelo sistema hegemônico, se pensada como ação política.

This commentary discusses recent developments in 'knowledge graph' technology over the course of the Covid-19 pandemic. Recently experiencing a surge in popularity, knowledge graphs are technologies that assist with data integration through structured metadata modeling. Researchers tag and collate vast amounts of diverse data using knowledge graphs, yet problems related to semantic drift and more salient issues related to the political economy of information and communication technologies persist. Researchers should believe that the semantics of Covid-19 knowledge graphs can change over time. Equally important, researchers should also consider all stakeholders involved, including those stakeholders that might be excluded. ; Klein College of Media and Communication ; Media Studies and Production

Offset agreements represent a mechanism widely used by national governments, from which they pursue economic, commercial, industrial and technological benefits. It is the most popular and sophisticated counter-trade instrument, underpinning government procurement policy, involving a wide range of compensatory activities, such as licensed production, co-production, subcontracted production, investment, and technology transfer. National governments require these compensatory activities to foreign firms hired to supply high-cost goods and services, which confers high bargaining power on purchasing governments. Estimates of the magnitude of the offset arrangements presented in the literature are heterogeneous but vary between 5% and 30% of the total value of international transactions, corroborating the importance of this topic. The objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding of this policy scarcely explored by Brazilian literature, elucidating some issues that permeate it, such as adopted mechanisms, intended objectives, difficulties faced towards the achievement of goals, regulatory aspects, historical, military and civil offset. From the methodological point of view, this study is eminently qualitative, exploratory and descriptive, supported by bibliographical and documentary research.

Este ensaio objetiva discutir uma forma de organizar e de sistematizar o projeto de pesquisa no âmbito da graduação e da pós-graduação com ênfase em construir os componentes epistemológicos. A problematização emerge das reflexões dos autores sobre as questões metodológicas, decorrentes das orientações do trabalho acadêmico, particularmente sobre a construção do projeto e da pesquisa, bem como dos seus componentes no âmbito teórico e empírico, a fim de responder à questão norteadora, que se coloca nos seguintes termos: quais itinerários epistemológicos são possíveis/necessários na construção do projeto da pesquisa? O diálogo sobre a construção do conhecimento é delineado na perspectiva das teorias críticas e com opção política no sentido de decisão e de comprometimento com a realidade do estudo. Com tal finalidade, este ensaio pretende, em sua condição de provisoriedade e pela própria natureza da construção do conhecimento, evidenciar o rigor sem desejar a exatidão, porém caracteriza marcas de sua autoria pelo contínuo processo de conhecer, uma vez que se reconhece nas afirmações uma contra palavra. As contribuições deste ensaio perpassam pelo debate sobre como delimitar o objeto, construir a problemática e seus objetivos, além dos fundamentos teóricos, da identificação das categorias, do levantamento de informação e sua análise e a estrutura de planejamento da própria investigação. Conclui-se também, diante da compreensão dialógica, que o projeto e o seu produto como pesquisa constituem-se de um trabalho que articula a própria formação, a qual se deseja com autonomia e marcada de intencionalidade e historicidade. ; This essay aims to discuss a way to organize and systematize the research project in the scope of undergraduate and graduate studies with emphasis on building epistemological components. The problematization emerges from the authors' reflections on methodological questions, resulting from the orientations of academic work, particularly on the construction of the project and research, as well as its components in the theoretical and empirical scope, in order to answer the guiding question, which arises in the following terms: which epistemological itineraries are possible/necessary in the construction of the research project? The dialogue on the construction of knowledge is delineated from the perspective of critical theories and with political option in the sense of decision and commitment to the reality of the study. To this end, this essay intends, in its condition of provisionality and by the very nature of the construction of knowledge, to highlight the rigor without desiring accuracy, but characterizes marks of its own by the continuous process of knowing, since it is recognized in the statements an against word. The contributions of this essay permeate the debate on how to delimit the object, construct the problem and its objectives, in addition to the theoretical foundations, the identification of categories, the survey of information and its analysis and the planning structure of the investigation itself. It is also concluded, in view of dialogical understanding, that the project and its product as research constitute a work that articulates one's own formation, which is desired with autonomy and marked with intentionality and historicity. ; Este ensayo tiene como objetivo discutir una manera de organizar y sistematizar el proyecto de investigación en el ámbito de los estudios de pregrado y posgrado con énfasis en la construcción de componentes epistemológicos. La problematización surge de las reflexiones de los autores sobre cuestiones metodológicas, resultantes de las orientaciones del trabajo académico, en particular sobre la construcción del proyecto y la investigación, así como sus componentes en el ámbito teórico y empírico, con el fin de responder a la pregunta guía, que surge en los siguientes términos: ¿qué itinerarios epistemológicos son posibles/necesarios en la construcción del proyecto de investigación? El diálogo sobre la construcción del conocimiento se delinea desde la perspectiva de las teorías críticas y con la opción política en el sentido de la decisión y el compromiso con la realidad del estudio. Con este fin, este ensayo pretende, en su estado de provisionalidad y por la propia naturaleza de la construcción del conocimiento, destacar el rigor sin desear exactitud, pero caracteriza las marcas propias por el continuo proceso de conocimiento, ya que se reconoce en las declaraciones a contra palabra. Las contribuciones de este ensayo impregnan el debate sobre cómo delimitar el objeto, construir el problema y sus objetivos, además de los fundamentos teóricos, la identificación de categorías, la encuesta de información y su análisis y la estructura de planificación de la propia investigación. También se concluye, en vista de la comprensión dialogante, que el proyecto y su producto como investigación constituyen una obra que articula la propia formación, que se desea con autonomía y se caracteriza por la intencionalidad y la historicidad.

Objetivou-se analisar e discutir permanências e rupturas na identidade da educação especial e a estreita relação entre o campo acadêmico e as políticas educacionais. Recorreu-se às contribuições de Pierre Bourdieu, especificamente os conceitos de linguagem e campo e como metodologia à análise das narrativas produzidas em publicações da Revista Brasileira de Educação Especial. Concluiu-se que a relação entre esses campos reflete a busca incessante de um conjunto de pesquisadores para precisar com maior cuidado o campo da educação especial e a coexistência temporal de perspectivas afins, distintas e antagônicas, configurando ao campo uma identidade multifacetada, refletindo o movimento contraditório da sociedade e das políticas sociais. ; The objective of this study was to analyze and discuss permanence and ruptures in the identity of special education and the close relationship between the academic field and educational policies. The contributions of Pierre Bourdieu were used, specifically the concepts of language and field and as a methodology for the analysis of the narratives produced in publications of the Brazilian Journal of Special Education. It was concluded that the relationship between these fields reflects the constant search of a set of researchers to more carefully specify the field of special education and the temporal coexistence of similar, distinct and antagonistic perspectives, configuring the field with a multifaceted identity, reflecting the contradictory movement of society and social policies.

Safe disposal of sewage sludge is one of the most pressing issues in the wastewater treatment cycle: at the European Union level, sludge production is expected to reach 13 Mt by year 2020. Sludge disposal costs may constitute up to, and sometimes above, 50% of the total cost of operation of a WWTP, and contribute to over 40% of its GHGs emissions. The most common disposal options at the moment are landfilling, disposal in agriculture (about 40% EU-wide), incineration or co-incineration, and use in the industrial production of bricks, asphalts and concrete. Sewage sludge, however, still contains beneficial resources such as nutrients, that can be recovered through specific processes (e.g. precipitation as struvite) and energy, recoverable through a variety of approaches. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of urban waste sludge was applied for the production of oil, (Syn)gas, and biochar that were afterwards characterized and compared to mainstream alternative fuels (biodiesels) and other material recovery options. Sustainability issues related to the production of biodiesel/biochars from urban wastewater treatment sludge are also discussed. The paper shows that waste urban sludge can indeed be a full component of the urban circular economy by allowing, if properly processed, recovery of energy resources at multiple levels: bio-oils (biodiesel), syngas and bio-char, all having definite advantages for final residues use and disposal. Biodiesel, in particular, allowing energy recovery as liquid fuel, offers a much more flexible and efficient utilization. ; Safe disposal of sewage sludge is one of the most pressing issues in the wastewater treatment cycle: at the European Union level, sludge production is expected to reach 13 Mt by year 2020. Sludge disposal costs may constitute up to, and sometimes above, 50% of the total cost of operation of a WWTP, and contribute to over 40% of its GHGs emissions. The most common disposal options at the moment are landfilling, disposal in agriculture (about 40% EU-wide), incineration or co-incineration, and use in the industrial production of bricks, asphalts and concrete. Sewage sludge, however, still contains beneficial resources such as nutrients, that can be recovered through specific processes (e.g. precipitation as struvite) and energy, recoverable through a variety of approaches. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of urban waste sludge was applied for the production of oil, (Syn)gas, and biochar that were afterwards characterized and compared to mainstream alternative fuels (biodiesels) and other material recovery options. Sustainability issues related to the production of biodiesel/biochars from urban wastewater treatment sludge are also discussed. The paper shows that waste urban sludge can indeed be a full component of the urban circular economy by allowing, if properly processed, recovery of energy resources at multiple levels: bio-oils (biodiesel), syngas and bio-char, all having definite advantages for final residues use and disposal. Biodiesel, in particular, allowing energy recovery as liquid fuel, offers a much more flexible and efficient utilization. ; A eliminação segura das lamas de esgoto é uma das questões mais urgentes no ciclo de tratamento de águas residuais: a nível da União Européia, espera-se que a produção de lamas atinja 13 Mt até o ano 2020. Os custos de disposição das lamas podem constituir-se e às vezes acima de 50% Custo total de operação de uma ETAR e contribui para mais de 40% das emissões de GEEs. As opções de eliminação mais comuns no momento são: aterro, eliminação na agricultura (cerca de 40% em toda a escala), incineração ou co-incineração, uso na produção industrial de tijolos, asfaltos, concreto. As lamas de esgoto, no entanto, ainda contêm recursos benéficos, como nutrientes, que podem ser recuperados através de processos específicos (por exemplo, precipitação como estruvita) e energia, recuperável através de uma variedade de abordagens. A pirólise assistida por microondas de lama de lixo urbano foi aplicada para a produção de petróleo, gás (Syn) e biochar que posteriormente foram caracterizados e comparados aos principais combustíveis alternativos (biodiesels) e outras opções de recuperação de materiais. São discutidos os problemas de sustentabilidade relacionados à produção de biodiesel / biochars de lamas de tratamento de águas residuais urbanas. O documento mostra que o lodo urbano residual pode de fato ser um componente completo da economia circular urbana, permitindo, se devidamente processado, a recuperação de recursos energéticos em vários níveis: bio-óleos (biodiesel), gás de síntese e bio-carbon, todos com vantagens definidas para o uso e eliminação de resíduos finais. O biodiesel, em particular, que permite a recuperação de energia como combustível líquido, oferece uma utilização muito mais flexível (e eficiente).

The National Policy for Agroecology and Organic Production (Pnapo) was created in 2012 to integrate, articulate and adjust the existing public policies concerning sustainable production of chemical-contaminant-free products. The referred policy combines rural development, conservation of natural resources and valorization of traditional communities' knowledge. This article presents part of the results of an ongoing study about Pnapo. It analyses the constructive process of the program according to representatives of social and governmental institutions that manage this policy. In order to collect the historical background of Pnapo, main participants of the policy building were interviewed. The results of this research show that agroecology and organic production programs were slowly structured inside the government through pressure of organized groups in society. Another relevant factor to this development was the growth in social involvement in councils and commissions. Regarding Pnapo's conception, it was observed that dialogue spaces provided by the National Commission for Agroecology and Organic Production (Cnapo) (composed by representatives from the government and from civil society) and the Interministerial Chamber of Agroecology and Organic Production (Ciapo) (composed by representatives from the ministries that participates in the policy), have provided participative construction between government and society and stimulated an interministerial approach inside government. The main challenges are to improve the intersectional management of the program and to enforce the importance of Pnapo inside the government. It is concluded that the continuance of this policy will depend heavily on the society's acknowledgement of its importance, demanding from the government its maintenance and the enlargement of already acquired spaces.

The work by Enrique Leff lead us to think through the emergence of ecological thinking, referring to the social, economic, and political changes that have taken place in society, especially concerning the increased production of technological innovations through scientific knowledge. Such changes depict environmental degradation arising from a crisis of knowledge, with excessive appreciation of absolute, unquestionable, fragmented knowledge, which subsumed environmental issues, the relation between human beings and the environment and nature. The spillover of knowledge has produced and it still produces an emptying of existential senses of human beings, denying the otherness constructed through social relations and issues of being in time and history. ; A obra de Enrique Leff faz refletir sobre o surgimento do pensamento ecológico, remetendo às transformações sociais, econômicas e políticas que estão ocorrendo na sociedade, especialmente em relação ao aumento da produção de inovações tecnológicas a partir do conhecimento científico. Essas transformações retratam uma degradação ambiental oriunda de uma crise do conhecimento, em que há uma valorização excessiva do saber absoluto, inquestionável, fragmentado, que subsumiu as questões ambientais, a relação do ser humano com o ambiente e a natureza. O transbordamento do conhecimento produziu e produz um esvaziamento dos sentidos existenciais dos seres humanos, negando a outridade construída a partir das relações sociais e das questões do ser no tempo e na história.

ABSTRACT. Education is constituted and a constituent of a people's culture and social organization. Based on this assertion, we consider that the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Pedagogy of Alternation enable the construction and realization of educational processes in the perspective of human emancipation. In this understanding, this article aims to analyze contributions from Pedagogy of Alternation to the training of young peasants linked to the Escola Família Agrícola de Jaboticaba - Bahia (BA), in the High School Technical Education Course in Agriculture Integrated to High School. Alternation is developed in educational times called Tempo Escola (TE), when there is a theoretical-practical study that dialogues with Tempo Comunidade (TC), in which the student expands the production of knowledge together with the family's agricultural production activities and, eventually, from the community. The research makes a critical interpretation about the organization of the pedagogical work that the school, field of research, carries out. Based on direct observation of TE activities and documentary research, the authors investigate the political-pedagogical and work principles presented in the Political Pedagogical Project (PPP), in the Reality Book (CR) and in the Supervised Internship Report (ES) of the students. The results show that, in the alternation of TE and TC, the pedagogical processes (pre) are concerned with sustainable development and with the production of knowledge supported by the concrete reality of the social daily life of students and their communities. ; ABSTRACT. Education is constituted and a constituent of a people's culture and social organization. Based on this assertion, we consider that the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Pedagogy of Alternation enable the construction and realization of educational processes in the perspective of human emancipation. In this understanding, this article aims to analyze contributions from Pedagogy of Alternation to the training of young peasants linked to the Escola Família Agrícola de Jaboticaba - Bahia (BA), in the High School Technical Education Course in Agriculture Integrated to High School. Alternation is developed in educational times called Tempo Escola (TE), when there is a theoretical-practical study that dialogues with Tempo Comunidade (TC), in which the student expands the production of knowledge together with the family's agricultural production activities and, eventually, from the community. The research makes a critical interpretation about the organization of the pedagogical work that the school, field of research, carries out. Based on direct observation of TE activities and documentary research, the authors investigate the political-pedagogical and work principles presented in the Political Pedagogical Project (PPP), in the Reality Book (CR) and in the Supervised Internship Report (ES) of the students. The results show that, in the alternation of TE and TC, the pedagogical processes (pre) are concerned with sustainable development and with the production of knowledge supported by the concrete reality of the social daily life of students and their communities. ; ABSTRACT. Education is constituted and a constituent of a people's culture and social organization. Based on this assertion, we consider that the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Pedagogy of Alternation enable the construction and realization of educational processes in the perspective of human emancipation. In this understanding, this article aims to analyze contributions from Pedagogy of Alternation to the training of young peasants linked to the Escola Família Agrícola de Jaboticaba - Bahia (BA), in the High School Technical Education Course in Agriculture Integrated to High School. Alternation is developed in educational times called Tempo Escola (TE), when there is a theoretical-practical study that dialogues with Tempo Comunidade (TC), in which the student expands the production of knowledge together with the family's agricultural production activities and, eventually, from the community. The research makes a critical interpretation about the organization of the pedagogical work that the school, field of research, carries out. Based on direct observation of TE activities and documentary research, the authors investigate the political-pedagogical and work principles presented in the Political Pedagogical Project (PPP), in the Reality Book (CR) and in the Supervised Internship Report (ES) of the students. The results show that, in the alternation of TE and TC, the pedagogical processes (pre) are concerned with sustainable development and with the production of knowledge supported by the concrete reality of the social daily life of students and their communities. ; A educação é constituída e constituinte da cultura e da organização social de um povo. A partir dessa assertiva, consideramos que os pressupostos teórico-metodológico da Pedagogia da Alternância possibilitam a construção e realização de processos educativos na perspectiva da emancipação humana. Nesse entendimento, o presente artigo objetiva analisar contribuições da Pedagogia da Alternância para a formação de jovens camponeses vinculados à Escola Família Agrícola de Jaboticaba – Bahia (BA), no Curso de Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio em Agropecuária Integrada ao Ensino Médio. A Pedagogia da Alternância se desenvolve em tempos educativos denominados Tempo Escola (TE), quando ocorre o estudo teórico-prático que dialoga com o Tempo Comunidade (TC), no qual o estudante amplia a produção do conhecimento junto às atividades de produção agrícola da família e, eventualmente, da comunidade. A pesquisa faz uma interpretação crítica acerca da organização do trabalho pedagógico que a escola, campo da pesquisa, realiza. A partir da observação direta das atividades de TE e na pesquisa documental, os autores indagam os princípios político-pedagógicos e de trabalho apresentados no Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP), no Caderno de Realidade (CR) e no Relatório de Estágio Supervisionado (ES) dos educandos. Os resultados apontam que, na alternância dos TE e TC, os processos pedagógicos (pré)ocupam-se com o desenvolvimento sustentável e com a produção de conhecimento respaldada na realidade concreta do cotidiano social dos educandos e de suas comunidades. Palavras-chave: Educação, Pedagogia da Alternância, Trabalho Educativo. Contributions from Trade-Off Pedagogy to Agriculture and Cattle Raising Technicians Training: the case of Escola Família Agrícola de Jaboticaba – Quixabeira - Bahia ABSTRACT. Education is constituted and a constituent of a people's culture and social organization. Based on this assertion, we consider that the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Pedagogy of Alternation enable the construction and realization of educational processes in the perspective of human emancipation. In this understanding, this article aims to analyze contributions from Pedagogy of Alternation to the training of young peasants linked to the Escola Família Agrícola de Jaboticaba - Bahia (BA), in the High School Technical Education Course in Agriculture Integrated to High School. Alternation is developed in educational times called Tempo Escola (TE), when there is a theoretical-practical study that dialogues with Tempo Comunidade (TC), in which the student expands the production of knowledge together with the family's agricultural production activities and, eventually, from the community. The research makes a critical interpretation about the organization of the pedagogical work that the school, field of research, carries out. Based on direct observation of TE activities and documentary research, the authors investigate the political-pedagogical and work principles presented in the Political Pedagogical Project (PPP), in the Reality Book (CR) and in the Supervised Internship Report (ES) of the students. The results show that, in the alternation of TE and TC, the pedagogical processes (pre) are concerned with sustainable development and with the production of knowledge supported by the concrete reality of the social daily life of students and their communities. Keywords: Education, Pedagogy of Alternation, Educational Work. Contribuciones de la Pedagogía de la Alternancia a la Formación de Técnicos Agrícolas: El caso de la Escola Familia Agrícola de Jaboticaba – Bahia RESUMEN. La educación está constituida y es un componente de la cultura y la organización social de un pueblo. En base a esta afirmación, consideramos que los supuestos teóricos y metodológicos de la Pedagogía de la Alternancia permiten la construcción y realización de procesos educativos en la perspectiva de la emancipación humana. En este entendimiento, nuestro objetivo es analizar las contribuciones de la Pedagogía de la Alternancia a la formación de jóvenes campesinos, vinculados a la Escola Família Agrícola de Jaboticaba - BA, en el Curso de Educación Técnica Profesional en la Escuela Secundaria de Agricultura Integrada a la Escuela Secundaria. La Pedagogía de la alternancia se desarrolla en tiempos educativos llamados Tempo Escola (TE), cuando hay un estudio teórico-práctico que dialoga con Tempo Comunidade (TC), cuando en el que el estudiante expande la producción de conocimiento junto con las actividades de producción agrícola de la familia y, eventualmente , de la comunidad. La investigación realiza una interpretación crítica sobre la organización del trabajo pedagógico que se realiza en la escuela, campo de investigación. Nosotros fijamos en la observación directa de las actividades de TE y la investigación documental. Perguntamos acerca de los principios político-pedagógicos y de trabajo que el Proyecto Político Pedagógico (PPP), el Cuaderno de Realidad (CR) y la Práctica Supervisada (ES) que los estudiantes presentan. Los resultados muestran que, en la alternancia de los tempos educativos (TE) y (TC) los procesos pedagógicos están (pre) ocupados con el desarrollo sostenible y con la producción de conocimiento respaldado por la realidad concreta de la vida social diaria de los estudiantes y sus comunidades. Palabras clave: Educación, Pedagogía de la Alternancia, Trabajo Educativo.

For a long time, as a political form, knowledge has bound itself to polis' activities. In western history, from Socrates and Plato to the foundation of the modern public arena, it has been a constant answer to the attempts for balance in community life. In its contemporary form, knowledge has attended the imperatives of the so-called information society, occasion in which it encounters new contingencies – among them, maybe one of the most significant, is the progressive unencumbering of human understanding with the logical appraisals that involve its production. Increasingly submitted to a type of accounting rationale, production of knowledge is drained by artificial intelligence devices, which provide for the declared production of measured results. In summary, in favoring the increase of data commutation and its respective internal intelligibility mechanisms, the appraisal logic promotes the unencumbering of understanding as political expression, which assessment of value would express the specifics of each scientific field. As a working hypothesis, a retraction of the human immanence (Sodré, 2014) is proposed in the constitution of contemporary human knowledge. ; Desde hace mucho tiempo, el conocimiento, como forma política, se ha relacionado con las actividades de la polis. En la historia de Occidente, desde Sócrates y Platón hasta los cimientos modernos del espacio público, es una respuesta constante a los intentos de equilibrar la vida comunitaria. En su modalidad contemporánea, ha cumplido los imperativos de la llamada sociedad de la información, y hoy se enfrenta a nuevas contingencias −entre ellas, quizás una de las más significativas, el desencanto progresivo del entendimiento humano con las lógicas evaluativas que involucran la producción de conocimiento. Cada vez más sometida a un tipo de racionalidad contable, la producción de conocimiento es drenada por dispositivos de inteligencia artificial. En resumen, al privilegiar el incremento de la conmutación de datos y sus respectivos mecanismos internos de inteligibilidad, las lógicas evaluativas promueven la exención de la comprensión como una expresión política, cuya medición del valor expresaría las especificidades de cada campo científico. Como hipótesis de trabajo, se propone reflexionar sobre la inmanencia de lo humano (Sodré, 2014) en la constitución del conocimiento contemporáneo. ; Desde há muito, como forma política, o conhecimento vincula-se às atividades da polis. Na história do Ocidente, desde Sócrates e Platão à fundação moderna do espaço público, ele se configura resposta constante às tentativas de equilíbrio da vida comunitária. Em sua modalidade contemporânea, tem atendido aos imperativos da chamada sociedade da informação, ocasião em que se depara com novas contingências −entre elas, talvez uma das mais significativas, a progressiva desoneração do entendimento humano quando das lógicas avaliativas que envolvem sua produção. Cada vez mais submetida a um tipo de racionalidade contábil, a produção do conhecimento é drenada pelos dispositivos de inteligência artificial, que respondem pela produção enunciativa da mensuração de resultados. Em suma, ao privilegiar o incremento da comutação de dados e seus respectivos mecanismos internos de inteligibilidade, as lógicas avaliativas promovem a desoneração do entendimento como expressão política, cuja aferição de valor expressaria as especificidades de cada campo científico. Como hipótese de trabalho, propõe-se o retraimento da imanência do humano (Sodré, 2014) na constituição dos saberes contemporâneos.

Education has been depicted as the main 'social elevator' to confront the internal inequalities of modern abyssal societies. Roma, as the largest, ancient European minority, are perpetually targeted as a 'sensitive' population in regard to access to and success in basic and higher education, creating a framework where Roma themselves, from an early age, are considered a 'problem'. Academia, scientific research and knowledge production are not isolated from these practices and political/epistemological framework. In this sense, the article unravels its complicity and responsibility in the maintenance of the white order, the modern civilisatory mission toward the racialised bodies and the 'ideology of integration' as the only possible political path. This paper discusses the current academic production of evidence-based research in the field of education in regards to Roma, exploring the semantics and conceptual constructions that frame the discussion related to the Roma experience in the educative system. Furthermore, the article discusses how the conceptual codification of such a framework actually serves to condition intellectual and political approaches that attempt to go beyond the complicit 'ideology of integration' when addressing public and educative policies.