Suchergebnisse

В данной исследовательской статье анализируются функциональные установки по производству знаний, заданные правительством Китая мозговым центрам вузов страны. Также здесь оценивается и обсуждается роль, которую мозговые центры вузов играют в принятии решений правительственного уровня, освещаются достигнутые успехи и имеющиеся в развитии мозговых центров вузов проблемы, а также закладывается основа для будущих исследований. В своем исследовании автор опирается на программные документы правительства Китая, открытые материалы некоторых вузовских мозговых центров, а также на данные, полученные другими исследователями при изучении деятельности профессиональных мозговых центров. Результаты проведенного автором документального исследования показывают, что китайское правительство предпринимает попытки включить мозговые центры вузов в сегмент производства «холистического знания» с тем, чтобы превратить эти центры в специализированные структуры, поставляющие решающие знания, и в итоге трансформировать китайские вузы в важный «мостик» между вузовским производством знаний и спросом правительства на решающие знания, что обеспечит необходимую гибкость производства знаний решающих и знаний академических. Также автор приходит к выводу, что такое политическое проектирование ограничивает степень свободы и силу социального воздействия мозговых центров вузов. ; This research analyzes the functions of university think-tanks from the perspective of the Chinese government, in particular their role in generating knowledge for governmental decision-making. It also reveals the achievements and problems of the development model of Chinese university think-tanks. Methodologically, this study relies on analysis and interpretation of the key policy documents of the Chinese government, the public information of some university think-tanks and the research results and data of professional think-tank research institutions. The study found that the Chinese government is trying to incorporate university think-tanks into the «Holistic Knowledge» production link and thus turn them into professional decision-making knowledge supply institutions. As a result, Chinese university think-tanks will perform the role of t bridges between academic knowledge production and generation of knowledge for the government's decision-making, ensuring the necessary flexibility between these two processes. However, the drawback of such policy is that it limits the autonomy of university think-tanks and their social influence.

В статье рассмотрены основные критерии отнесения товаров, работ, услуг к инновационной продукции и (или) высокотехнологичной продукции, необходимая экономическая эффективность использования этой продукции, существующие меры государственной поддержки инноваций в отраслях экономики. Для того чтобы считать товары, работы или услуги высокотехнологичными, они должны производиться или оказываться высокотехнологичными организациями с использованием новейших образцов технологического оборудования, технологических процессов и технологий и с участием высококвалифицированного персонала. Автор провела исследования интерпретаций в научной литературе и законодательной базе понятий высокотехнологичная, наукоемкая и инновационная продукция, анализ экспорта в динамике по группам товаров и анализ уровня высококвалифицированных кадров на основе международного рейтинга по странам. Разработала и сформировала предложения по внесению изменений в нормативно-правовую базу с целью развития экспорта высокотехнологичной и инновационной продукции. Сделала вывод, что проведенный анализ структуры доходов по статьям экспорта показывает, что необходимо развивать новые направления, оказывать государственную поддержку в виде субсидий с целью повышения уровня их конкурентоспособности на международных рынках. ; The article discusses the main criteria for classifying goods, works, services as innovative products and (or) high-tech products, the necessary economic efficiency of using these products, the existing measures of state support for innovation in the sectors of the economy. In order to consider goods, works or services high-tech, they must be produced or rendered by high-tech organizations using the latest technological equipment, technological processes and technologies, and with the participation of highly qualified personnel. The author researches the interpretations in the scientific literature and the legislative base of the concepts of high-tech, science-intensive and innovative products, analyzes the dynamics of exports by product groups and analyzes the level of highly qualified personnel based on the international ranking by countries. The author developed and formulated proposals on amendments to the regulatory framework in order to develop the export of high-tech and innovative products. The author made a conclusion that the analysis of the structure of incomes by export items shows that it is necessary to develop new directions, to provide government support in the form of subsidies in order to increase the level of their competitiveness in international markets.

разнообразие видов и тенденций современного наукоемкого прогресса требует законодательной связи механизма экономического обеспечения наукоемкого производственного комплекса с бюджетным процессом. Авторы обосновали цель создания и дальнейшего совершенствования единой системы планирования комплекса и сформулировали задачи ; которые следует решить для достижения поставленной цели. ; The variety of types and trends of modern high-tech progress requires a legislative link between the mechanism of economic support of a high-tech industrial complex and the budget process. The authors substantiated the goal of creating and further improving the unified planning system of the complex and formulated the tasks that should be solved to achieve the goal.

The article examines the new role played by the state as a deliberate economic actor. The basis here is provided by the direct activity of the state in regulating the economy, as is characteristic of all economically developed countries. But at the same time, market regulators are beginning to die away, and are already fulfilling a secondary role. This situation is resulting in a change to the economy itself, with the previous goal of development-the maximising of profits-being replaced by the maximising of social utility. The degree and significance of conscious economic regulation, whose basis is scientific knowledge, is increasing. A new quality of the economy, designated by the article as noonomy, is emerging; this is steeped in scientific knowledge and in planned, considered regulation. The objective basis of this process is a new technological order within which production is permeated by complex technological systems, and for which knowledge-intensive production is a primary requirement. All this is serving to bring changes to political economy. In place of the classical political economy that concentrated on research into questions of market production and exchange, the new political economy or post-classical political economy studies the relations between people from the angle of social utility, that is, the exchanging of knowledge, information and activity with the goal of achieving economies in the use of social time.

At the level of manipulating cellular and sub-cellular structures invisible to the eye, biotechnological innovations could trigger, often against the will of their developers, multiple deep social processes which can lead to most diverse and unexpected consequences that may generate social instability. The concept of social and humanitarian support of innovation includes the notions of ethical and sociohumanitarian expertise (proactive diagnostics, assessing and managing risks) that have been developed earlier. The task of bioethics, which is developed as a part of modern technoscience, lies in pro-active (anticipatory) diagnosis, assessment and management of risks associated with the development and implementation of biotechnological innovations, not only risks with regard to human health or ecological well-being, but also those inherently social and human: moral, anthropological, legal, political, economic risks, etc.Innovation comes as a co-production of knowledge and the forms of its social adoption. Scientists have to understand something, engineers to develop something, while the various social groups have to come to terms with their personal, professional and/or public meaning of both actual and potential discoveries and inventions. In solving these problems, bioethics in collaboration (co-production) with biomedical sciences and technologies, plays its role in ordering of social relations, in the same way as science brings order into the natural world. This is the meaning behind the notion of social and humanitarian support of innovation.Science and technology of the future is a difficult object to manage, but the very management at its contemporary stage is not only a sophisticated technique, it is the control of sophistication itself. The ethical effort, including responsible research and innovations, bottom-up public involvement, and democratization of agenda-making, is intensifying. The concept of social and humanitarian support of innovation has to take its place in this process to facilitate dialogue between its major stakeholders. ; Биомедицинские инновации на уровне манипуляций с подчас невидимыми на глаз клеточными и субклеточными структурами провоцируют помимо воли своих разработчиков глубинные социальные процессы, порождающие самые разнообразные и неожиданные последствия, которые зачастую становятся источниками социальной нестабильности. Концепция социогуманитарного сопровождения инновационной деятельности включает ранее разработанные идеи этической и социогуманитарной экспертизы (проактивной диагностики, оценки и менеджмента рисков).Инновации — это события совместного производства (co-production) знаний и форм их социального усвоения. Не только ученые должны нечто понять, а инженеры нечто разработать, но и представители различных социальных групп должны осознать для себя личный, профессиональный и (или) общественный смысл открытий и изобретений (как состоявшихся, так и возможных). Решая эти задачи, биоэтика в режиме совместного производства c биомедицинскими науками и технологиями упорядочивает сферу социальных отношений, примерно так же, как и наука вносит порядок в мир природных отношений, — в этом смысл идеи социогуманитарного сопровождения инновационной деятельности.Наука и технологии будущего — это сложный объект с точки зрения управления. Причем сложным является не только объект управления наукой и технологиями. В своем современном развитии само управление правильно характеризуется как сложное, как управление не сложностью, а изнутри самой сложности. Все более интенсивными становятся усилия, коренящиеся в этике, такие как ответственные исследования и инновации, идущее снизу вовлечение общественности, демократизация выработки повестки дня исследований и инноваций. Свое место в этом процессе может занять концепция социогуманитарного обеспечения инновационной деятельности, обеспечивая диалог между ее основными стейкхолдерами.

В статье изложены результаты анализа эффективности использования сайта научного журнала как инструмента маркетинга знаний, в частности, его коммуникационной политики в среде интернета. Разработаны рекомендации по совершенствованию системы продвижения научных знаний с помощью сайта журнала. ; World economy since 2005 has moved to descending wave of a long economic cycle and productions of technological order V (which currently dominates) are gradually losing their relevance, and of the VI one are mainly at the stage of scientific research and development. In these conditions the production and application of new knowledge (scientific, technical, professional) has a chance to enter the path of innovation growth in the mainstream of the innovation development concept. Promotion and popularization of scientific knowledge is provided by scientific journals, especially scientific periodical journals, which are the basis of technical and professional knowledge on the one hand, and generalize and systematize the available technical and vocational achievements on the other hand. Scientific and applied developments which are published there can be the basis for further research, they can also be implemented in practical activities of business structures, government, regional and local government. Website in the Internet is an effective and instantaneous tool for expanding the audience of the scientific journal, which allows enter the foreign countries, with minimal cost and still provide the individualization of communication with readers. It is not only the tool to promote scientific knowledge of certain subjects, but it can also be used to gather information about its target audience. The aim of this study is to analyze the efficiency of the site scientific journal as a marketing tool in the sphere of Internet knowledge and to give recommendations for improving the system of scientific knowledge advancing.

The present work deals with development of new post-industrial knowledge economy, as the higher level of development of economic matter. Economic science is gaining a new cognitive form in connection with intensive development and humanization of economic knowledge, complement and expand it at the expense of biology, physiology, psychology, physics, mathematics and other Sciences. Cognitive economy, as one of the areas of existence of the new knowledge economy, based on the discoveries and achievements of science and cognitive abilities of the person directly involved in identifying, obtaining and registration of new economic knowledge necessary to further its (knowledge) reproduction. Identified new creative area economic whom knowledge — nanobioeconomy, combining progressive reproduction biotechnology wealth of biomass of plant and animal origin with the analysis of the behavior of the human person in the process of production and economic activity. Identified key economic structure of the new economy — nanobiocluster as regional meso-economic functional system, described his organization, principles of operation, characterized by its economic efficiency; on this basis, developed a new innovative antirecessionary entrepreneurship strategy.

Currently, the term "information society" is widely used to define a rural economy in which knowledge and information play the decisive role, and the production of scientific knowledge becomes a source of socio-economic growth. The revolutionary emergence of information and communication technologies contributed to the development of the new economy. Therefore, the level of telecommunications spread to the country-side is one of the most important indicators of innovations. Another important indicator is the level of edu-cation, culture of the rural population. Creative person is the resource for which competitive battles will take place in the future.

The present paper demonstrates that existing methods of financing of organizations of higher education in Russia cannot be used as a supporting tool for knowledge production, which leads to decrease in quality of educational services in the field of higher education. Endowments are proposed as a tool of financing. Endowment statistics for Russia and other countries is given. Obstacles that hinder development of endowments in Russia are analyzed.

The article presents the results of the author's study of present state of employee ownership in the U.S. It is noted that in Russia this form of business is not sufficiently developed. The model of employee ownership of corporate property in the United States (enterprises based on Employee Stock Ownership Plan – ESOP model) is considered. It was demonstrated that employee-owned companies have considerable over the enterprises of other forms of ownership concerning better control of production due to participative management, more comfortable psychological climate and higher competitiveness. The study was carried out within the framework of the R&D theme «Development of a systemic multilevel theory and models of coordination and co-evolution of industrial complexes and enterprises for the purpose of sustainable economic development» (state registration number AAAA-A18-118021390173-4).

The optional course provides a general systemic view of classical political economy. Reflects the relevance of the classical theory and the direction of its development. The course allows students to study and learn how to apply the method of dialectical knowledge of economic and social processes. The course "Political Economy" is supposed to give students a holistic description of modern economic relations in historical retrospect as relations regarding ownership of the means of production. The course examines the socio-economic system of post-Soviet Russia. In the process of studying the course, business games are held, a discussion of modern problems.

Object of research is foreign and native experience of creating technoparks that have emerged during the transition to the information society in the last 25–30 years and the differences of technoparks as a new model of innovative environment from other models of previous eras.The goals of research are the identification of the nature and development of conceptual architectural design technology parks, adequate for Ukraine.Problem situation.In the transition to the information society, the role of people engaged in the intellectual creative activity is increasing. Science, knowledge and education are the leading branches of production of the new society. The main and most valuable products are the innovations in various forms. For their appearance it is essential to create a special environment of their production, original garden incubator, which would generate multidisciplinary job (synergy), knowledge and elements of scientific production, with the synthesis functions, replacing each other. However, the models proposed and implemented in Ukraine and Russia represent the modernization of the old forms of innovative environment, they are modified new conditions, and not the actual technoparks. Technoparks are distinguished with compactness, applied nature of research, temporary teams, cluster locality, modularity, flexibility, openness and accessibility for everybody, environmental friendliness, availability of parks and exhibition and educational complexes, unique architectural design.Conclusion.1. Technopark is a special type of innovation environment, "park", where socially significant new ideas and knowledge for the whole society are "grown", and its products are distributed freely and openly. Technoparks are an incentive fulfillment and development of the nation's intellect. The creation of small and medium–sized (in scope and cost) organizations to develop competitive high–tech products in the form of industrial parks will help Ukraine to survive the crisis and compete in the global market.2. "Fruits" of technology parks are the intellectual products in the form of IT, new technologies which are intended for use in management, production, education, social services and do not require a strong industrial base, huge material and human resources on the development stage. For a rapid distribution of technology parks in Ukraine support is needed from central and local government, academia, businesses and investors to develop the legal framework, PR — support.3. Research of technoparks belongs rather to the application level of science, practical knowledge and technology, but has a broad basis for the introduction and spread. "Technopark" is a holistic system of open, organic synthesis of ties and relations of innovative research and society on the principles and foundations that were not previously used.4. Technoparks work as independent innovation systems, while cooperating as partners with other types of innovative environments: universities, research institutes, NPK, TNK, NPP, international research centers and the International Funds and all comers. Industrial parks may represent a part of a larger creation as a structural unit, but in that case, they should maintain their autonomy and all the features of Technopark, otherwise they lose their essence.5. Architectural design of Technopark is intended to reflect by the means of expression the concept and the role of technology parks in the innovative development of society and embody its distinctive features. Architectural image of Technopark should be memorable and holistic. With all the diversity of technology parks, there are two basic universal features of architectural models: uniqueness and dynamism.6. Each industrial park is a unique architectural complex system of internal and external relations (modules) using the conditions of given territory, region and contributing to its further development. Technopark is autonomous self–functioning, open, flexible and mobile system that responds promptly to requests from business, education, government and society, which in turn determines the architectural design principles and development of industrial parks. ; Проанализирован зарубежный и отечественный опыт создания технопарков, появившихся в постиндустриальных странах в последние 25–30 лет. Разработана авторская концепция сущности и принципы универсальной модели технопарков с точки зрения архитектуры, адекватная для украинского общества. ; Проаналізовано зарубіжний та вітчизняний досвід створення технопарків, які з'явилися у постіндустріальних країнах в останні 25–30 років. Розроблено авторську концепцію сутності та принципи універсальної моделі технопарків з точки зору архітектури, адекватну для українського суспільства.

Remigration is the return of a country's citizens from emigration. Remigrants carry with them ideas, knowledge, values, and skills. Although the work sphere is where these social remittances can be used most efficiently, the social remittance literature pays very little attention to employee experience. The primary aim of this article is to explore the types of social remittances, the ways they are transmitted, and how they are used in the work sphere. Employment has been heavily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic as many workplaces are closing amid quarantine restrictions and social distancing requirements. Another aim of this contribution is to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the transfer of social remittances to the work sphere. The article presents findings from 15 interviews with highly qualified remigrants and five interviews with their Lithuanian co-workers. The interviews were conducted in May-July 2020 within the project 'Social remittances of (re) migrants for society welfare growth: challenges and experiences in a comparative perspective', financed by the Research Council of Lithuania.

Актуальность определяется тем, что знание, воплощенное в человеческом капитале и технологиях, всегда играло важную роль в прогрессе экономики и общества, что нашло отражение в понятии «экономика, основанная на знаниях». Цель работы: провести анализ основных экономических тенденций, связанных с производством и распространением знаний, раскрыть основные аспекты экономики знаний: экономический рост, наука и образование, рынок труда, ИРЧП, сектор образовательных услуг на примере Новосибирской области. Методы исследования: сравнительный анализ подходов к определению «экономика знаний»; анализ особенностей развития рынка труда Новосибирской области. Результаты. Исследован индекс развития человеческого потенциала Новосибирской области. Предложены, стратегические приоритеты инновационного развития. Рассмотрена концепция экономики знаний как стратегического направления регионального развития. Выявлено, что несмотря на сокращение численности обучающихся в вузах, приоритеты студентов в востребованности направлений подготовки в последние годы не меняются. Лидерами по количеству выпускников традиционно являются направления: экономика, юриспруденция и менеджмент. Потребности же предприятий в работниках не совпадают со структурой предложения на рынке труда. Частично эта проблема решается за счет перетока обучающихся на программы среднего профессионального образования, однако этого недостаточно и государству следует стремиться изменить структуру подготовки выпускников с высшим образованием. ; Relevance of the study is determined by the fact that knowledge embodied in human capital and technologies has always played an important role in the progress of economy and society, which is reflected in the concept of «economy based on knowledge». The aim of the research is to analyse the key economic trends related to production and dissemination of knowledge, to reveal the main aspects of knowledge economy: economic growth, science and education, labour market, HDI, sector of educational services in Novosibirsk region. Methods of the research: comparative analysis of approaches to definition of «knowledge economy», based on the increased role of information and knowledge, the analysis of characteristics of labour market development in Novosibirsk region. Results. The authors have studied the human development index in Novosibirsk region, proposed the concept of the knowledge economy as a strategic sector for regional development and revealed, that despite the decline in the number of students in universities, the priorities of students in the demand for training areas do not change in recent years. Leaders in the number of graduates are traditionally economics, law and management. The needs of businesses and workers do not coincide with the structure of supply in the labour market. This problem is partially solved due to the flow of students into programs of secondary vocational education, but this is not enough and the government should seek to change the structure of graduates in areas of training.

The article examines the directions in forming digital competencies of the personnel in big businesses in conditions of digitalization. Digital technologies influence labor processes and labor markets, raise the requirements for intellectual, creative approaches in solving situational production problems. The aim of the study is to develop a list of digital competencies necessary for large companies' specialists performing various managerial and production functions characterized by multitasking in digital environment. Transformation of approaches to personnel management in conditions of technological advance is the new role of the individual, expansion of the potential, formation of new conditions and technologies for performing labor functions, flexibility and compromise in interaction with the employer. The methodological basis of the study are scientific and theoretical concepts of personnel management in conditions of digitalization, developed by national and foreign scholars and research teams. The empirical component rests on industry and production features of big businesses in Russia. The author identifies the trends in professional market expansion, the increasing role of competence approach to the development of human resources, the significance of digital competencies. Evidence from big businesses reveals the priority of individualization in training, the adjustment of acquired working skills in digital environment to the strategic and tactical needs of business. Effective interaction between an employee and the company implies the flexibility in mutual requirements and opportunities, striving for the end result, constant exchange of knowledge, skills and suggestions for improving the labor function. The findings offer the list of digital competencies necessary for big businesses' specialists performing in novel digital environment. These competencies may lay the foundation of legal framework governing labor relations in narrow professional fields.