Suchergebnisse

Background
Public service practitioners on all levels aim to solve increasingly complex policy problems by making use of different forms of evidence. While there are many complex models of knowledge mobilisation, not enough attention is paid to the types of knowledge that are mobilised for public service reform. Ward (2017) has returned to Aristotle's knowledge types; empirical, technical and practice wisdom, to address this gap.


Aims and objectives
This paper applies the theoretical work of Ward (2017) and Flyvbjerg (2001) to the everyday work and practice of frontline public service providers with the aim of identifying core elements of knowledge mobilisation in the practice of public service reform in the context of local governance.


Methods
The data is from a case study of a Scottish local authority conducted as part of the What Works Scotland research programme. The paper derives insights from 16 qualitative interviews with service providers in housing, waste management, policing and greenspace services, and 12 observations, analysed using thematic analysis.


Findings
The findings suggest that empirical or technical knowledge is not sufficient on its own for sustainable solutions to localised policy problems. The practice wisdom of service providers, balancing ethical concerns with diverse perspectives, is a form of knowledge that is not fully valued or recognised in public service reform.


Discussion and conclusions
Future research should aim to understand how the integration of empirical, technical and practice knowledge might be achieved through more co-productive relationships between researchers, knowledge mobilisers and service providers.

Dieser Bericht enthält die Ergebnisse der im Projekt RIVAS durchgeführten vergleichenden Analyse von 14 internationalen Fallbeispielen regionaler integrierter Vulnerabilitätsassessments. Konzept und Methodik der Projektanalyse werden in Kapitel 2 erläutert. Kapitel 3 enthält die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der projektspezifischen Analyse in Form von projektbezogenen Zusammenfassungen, während in Kapitel 4 Ergebnisse des projektübergreifenden Vergleichs für wichtige Vergleichsdimensionen dargestellt und diskutiert werden. Am Ende der Sub-Kapitel zu jeder Vergleichsdimension findet sich eine Zusammenfassung und kurze Bewertung der Analysebefunde. In Kapitel 5 werden wesentliche Herausforderungen bei der Planung und Durchführung von partizipativen regionalen Vulnerabilitätsanalysen sowie Einsichten und Lösungsansätze zu deren Überwindung im Sinne einer Materialsammlung zusammengestellt. Im weiteren Projektverlauf dienen diese Inhalte als Basis zur weiteren Entwicklung der abschließenden Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen. Mit Ausnahme der projektspezifischen Zusammenfassungen in Kapitel 3 ist dieser Bericht in deutscher Sprache verfasst, weil sich das Projekt RIVAS vorrangig an österreichische Zielgruppen wendet. Die "Executive Summaries" wurden auf Englisch verfasst, weil ein beträchtlicher Teil der herangezogenen Literatur in englischer Sprache vorliegt. Für die AutorInnen sollte diese Vorgangsweise in weiterer Folge die wissenschaftliche Publikationstätigkeit erleichtern.

Offset agreements represent a mechanism widely used by national governments, from which they pursue economic, commercial, industrial and technological benefits. It is the most popular and sophisticated counter-trade instrument, underpinning government procurement policy, involving a wide range of compensatory activities, such as licensed production, co-production, subcontracted production, investment, and technology transfer. National governments require these compensatory activities to foreign firms hired to supply high-cost goods and services, which confers high bargaining power on purchasing governments. Estimates of the magnitude of the offset arrangements presented in the literature are heterogeneous but vary between 5% and 30% of the total value of international transactions, corroborating the importance of this topic. The objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding of this policy scarcely explored by Brazilian literature, elucidating some issues that permeate it, such as adopted mechanisms, intended objectives, difficulties faced towards the achievement of goals, regulatory aspects, historical, military and civil offset. From the methodological point of view, this study is eminently qualitative, exploratory and descriptive, supported by bibliographical and documentary research.

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record ; We investigate how technology 'co-development' (between researchers, stakeholders and local communities) is framed in practice by those developing gene drive mosquitos for malaria eradication. Our case study focuses on UK and Mali-based researchers planning to undertake the first field trials in Mali of gene drive mosquitos for malaria control. While they and the wider gene drive research community are explicitly committed to the principle of co-development, how this is framed and practiced is not clear. Through qualitative analysis of 34 interviews complemented by observation and documentary research conducted in 2018, we identify and compare ten framings of co-development mobilised by UK and Malian researchers and stakeholders. For Malians, co-development reflected Mali's broader socio-political context and a desire for African scientific independence and leadership. It was mobilised to secure community and stakeholder support for gene drive mosquito field trials, through outreach, building local scientific capacity and developing those institutions (e.g. regulatory) necessary for field trials to go ahead. For UK participants, co-development was also concerned with scientific capacity-building, knowledge exchange between researchers, and stakeholder and community outreach to secure consent for field trials. Overall, our findings suggest co-development is opening up previously expert-dominated spaces as researchers attempt to take responsibility for the societal implications of their work. However, its main function is as a project management tool to enable and instrumentally support technological development, field trials and eventual deployment. This function extends into areas which are traditionally the responsibility of the state, such as regulatory development, facilitated by Mali's fragile political and economic situation. Paradoxically, co-development simultaneously depoliticises gene drive, masking power relations and closing down substantive debate and agency. Characterised by extreme poverty, conflict and weak institutions, Mali may become a site for technological experimentation where there is little interrogation of gene drive or its governance. ; British Academy

DISCLAIMER: The present Project Deliverable has been submitted to the European Commission for review. The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. The CoAct (Co-designing Citizen Social Science for Collective Action) project proposes to face social global issues by placing citizens in a vulnerable situation at the centre of the research. This approach represents a new understanding of Citizen Social Science (CSS), as participatory research co-designed with citizen groups sharing a social concern. One of the social issues targeted is Mental Health Care (R&I Action #1, WP3) and specifically mental health social support networks. Social support networks refer to people's social environment, which is generated informally, not professionally. In this frame, the R&I Action #1 has been co-designed with Co-Researchers (CoRes) which are persons with self-experience in mental health and relatives, acting as experts in the field. They participate to all steps of the research, together with the promotors of the research: Universitat de Barcelona-UB and Federació Salut Mental Catalunya-FSMC. This Deliverable D3.2: "Digital and non-digital tools for conducting research" describes and reflects on two tools that are cornerstones of the research co-design in this context: The Research Diary. This hardcover publication, that was tailormade for R&I Action #1, was ideated to guide the CoRes during the process of microstories co-creation. It has been proved to serve as a useful bridge between the online co-creation sessions, done in pandemic times and the CoRes' offline individual work on writing down microstories related to their personal experiences. The Chatbot. This Telegram-based chatbot is the first example, to our knowledge, of a ...

Purpose– In the last decade, researchers have suggested relationships between negative mentoring (NM) and undesirable work interactions, termed co-worker undermining. Existing evidence has shown that both NM and group identity positively influence this set of negative co-worker behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to expand the domain by including two additional influences, such as newcomer's learning (T1) as a mediator between NM (T1) and co-worker undermining (T2), and (low and high) group identity moderation (T1).Design/methodology/approach– The authors collected time-separated data, with a final sample of 303 employees of various Spanish organizations.Findings– As hypothesized, the results indicate that newcomer's learning mediates the relationships between NM and co-worker undermining. The conditional effect of newcomer's learning was strong and significant at lower levels of group identity, and it was weaker and non-significant when group identity was higher. Thus, the mediated moderation analyses performed support the study's main hypothesis.Research limitations/implications– Because of the self-reported approach, the results can be affected by common method variance. But the design with time-separated data enables stronger confidence in the inferences drawn from the study than permitted by a cross-sectional study design.Practical implications– The paper includes implications for employee's careers and for counseling practitioners.Social implications– This paper is relevant because it shows that group identification can protect newcomers from the consequences of negative events during the organizational entry phase. Additionally, practitioners could design more efficient intervention programs by taking novice employees' affective experiences into account. Organizational and societal leaders may be well-served by knowledge about preventing both NM and co-worker undermining in order to protect newcomers from the destructive consequences linked to such relationships.Originality/value– This paper focusses on a dysfunctional personnel situation, as co-worker undermining, in order to clarify their links with organizational and group processes. The existing research has tended to address NM, organizational socialization, co-worker undermining and group identification as separate phenomena. In contrast, this study is intended as a first step toward integrating the results of these processes, which interact in a series of complex relations.

AbstractWithin competitive advantage considerations, knowledge has emerged as one of the more strategic, although invisible, assets for organizations. This is notwithstanding a wider and specifically economistic and cognitive discounting of knowledge as a factor of production — largely ignoring the socially constructed and socially mediated nature of knowledge. Intellectual capabilities and knowledge/information transformations now have a central place within globalizing information economies.Constructing, transforming and commodifying knowledge and information require new organizational understandings and newer cognitive capabilities of strategic management praxis. Part of this cognitive awareness is a deliberate organizational designing for the role of symbolic analysts. As well, there is an emerging need for the Chief Knowledge Officer function going well beyond the Chief Information Officer requirements posited by an information technology‐driven restructuring of routine processes, as compared with innovation creation capacities associated with critically non‐routine functions within organizations discovered by Cranfield research.The paper considers neglected institutional and organizational dimensions to knowledge creation and knowledge conversion — it reviews the renewed importance of internal recruitment and socialization within institutions and details knowledge codification and application functions within knowledge‐creating organizations. Knowledge management, as praxis, inevitably raises concerns about cognitive failure in leadership theory and praxis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Many consider academic research an important means to address societal inequality of marginalized groups, such as refugees. However, transformative research arguably requires critically engaged practices that consider and transform dominant exclusive structures permeating both society and knowledge production. This paper discusses challenges and opportunities of such research practices, especially given power and (neoliberal) politics around knowledge production within Dutch academic and refugee research structures. Based on 14 researchers' narratives, the results reveal how critically engaged refugee research is challenged by its marginalized position, academic pressures and culture as well as the recently emerged 'refugee research business'. However, the paper also uncovers various ways in which researchers manoeuvre within challenging and facilitating structures by operating outside or in the margins of academic structures, making use of facilitating spaces and strategically employing dominant discourses. Finally, researchers arguably transform academic structures by challenging dominant research paradigms and transforming the institution of academics itself.

Many consider academic research an important means to address societal inequality of marginalized groups, such as refugees. However, transformative research arguably requires critically engaged practices that consider and transform dominant exclusive structures permeating both society and knowledge production. This paper discusses challenges and opportunities of such research practices, especially given power and (neoliberal) politics around knowledge production within Dutch academic and refugee research structures. Based on 14 researchers' narratives, the results reveal how critically engaged refugee research is challenged by its marginalized position, academic pressures and culture as well as the recently emerged 'refugee research business'. However, the paper also uncovers various ways in which researchers manoeuvre within challenging and facilitating structures by operating outside or in the margins of academic structures, making use of facilitating spaces and strategically employing dominant discourses. Finally, researchers arguably transform academic structures by challenging dominant research paradigms and transforming the institution of academics itself.

Little consumer knowledge about agriculture and livestock production as well as mounting concerns about the consequences of modern animal husbandry are pivotal aspects of the growing gap between famers and society. Literature shows that trust can play an important role in situations characterized by limited knowledge. In this paper a salient value similarity approach to social trust is adopted where social trust is placed on people that are perceived to hold similar goals. Determinants of social trust in farmers are examined and the influence of messages about livestock production is analyzed. The study is based on data from an online survey among 1,600 German participants containing an information treatment. Results confirm literature in that positive information increases, while negative information decreases social trust. We show that salient value similarity between consumers and farmers has a high positive influence on social trust in farmers, and moderates the effects of the perceived sender of the message.

This article positions types at the center of anthropological knowledge production, considering them both from the abstract, analytical perspective of expert typologies and from the tacit, phenomenological perspective of everyday practices of typification. Proposing what an "anthropology of types," broadly construed and across these two scales, might look like, I examine the histories and uses of types and typological thinking in anthropology, highlighting the empirical, analytical, methodological, ethical, and political questions they have raised. I then describe the phenomenological foundations of typification, how sociocultural and linguistic anthropologists have approached it, and the accompanying challenges related to translation and representation. Finally, I review ethnographies of expert practices of type production, tracing the circuit of typification–typology–type and back again to show how forms of expertise institutionalize lay knowledge in ways that further solidify the misrecognition of types as natural, and examine visual and arts-based interventions that draw attention to these processes.