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Chapter 1. Protection of Vietnam's Intellectual Property Rights Part 1. Background Part 2. Status of Progress Part 3. Objective Part 4. Expected Benefits Chapter 2. Analysis of Current Status of Vietnam's Intellectual Property Right Part 1. Analysis of Current Status of Vietnam's Intellectual Property Right 1. Status of Application and Registration of Intellectual Property Rights in Vietnam 2. Society's Perception about Intellectual Property Rights in Vietnam 3. Understanding of Level of Intellectual Property Rights in Vietnam 4. Analysis of Causes of Current Status of Infringements of Intellectual Property Rights in Vietnam 5. Analysis of Types of Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights in Vietnam 6. Details of Infringement of Intellectual Property Right in Vietnam Part 2. Understanding the Current Status of Intellectual Property Rights Legal System in Vietnam 1. Vietnam's Intellectual Property Rights related Laws 2. Duties and Rights of Government Bodies in relation to Intellectual Property Rights 3. Definition and Type of Counterfeited Products in Vietnam Part 3. Understanding the current state of copyright law and system in Vietnam 1. Status of the Vietnamese Copyright Law 2. Laws of Vietnam Concerning Copyright Infringements 3. Duties and Powers of Vietnamese Government Agencies related to Copyright 4. Vietnam Infringement Case Analysis Chapter 3. Investigation and Analysis of Copyright and Intellectual Property Infringement Cases in Vietnam Part 1. Investigation and Analysis of Infringement Cases of Intellectual Property Rights in Vietnam 1. Escalating Trend of Countermeasures against Intellectual Property Rights in Vietnam 2. Type of Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights in Vietnam 3. Investigation and Analysis of Trademark Infringement Cases in Vietnam Part 2. Investigation and Analysis of Copyright Infringement Cases in Vietnam 1. Penalties for Infringement of Copyright in Vietnam 2. Escalating Trend in Punishment of Copyright Infringement in Vietnam 3. Infringement of Vietnamese Music Copyright 4. Copyright Infringement in Vietnam Online Books 5. Violation through Online Illegal Content Sites in Vietnam 6. Violation through Online Illegal Game Sites in Vietnam 7. Infringement through Illegal Software Distribution in Vietnam 8. Investigation and Analysis of Infringement Cases in Vietnam Part 3. Case of Orion Chocopie in Vietnam 1. Manufacture and Export of Orion Chocopie Forged Products 2. Repackaging Substandard Units of Genuine Product 3. Partial Distortion of Orion Chocopie Trademark Chapter 4. The Survey on the Infringement on the Intellectual Property Right of Korean Companies entering Vietnam Part 1. Current State of Intellectual Property Rights of Korean Companies in Vietnam 1. Investment Trends of Korean Companies entering Vietnam. 2. Survey on the Status of Counterfeit Goods of Korean companies in Vietnam 3. Survey on the Protection of Intellectual Property of Enterprises entering Vietnam Part 2. Survey on the Status of Counterfeit Goods of Korean companies in Vietnam 1. Survey Overview 2. Survey Result and Analysis Chapter 5. The Proposal of Protection Policy for Vietnamese Intellectual Property Rights Part 1. The Government-level of Policy Recommendation for IPR Protection in Vietnam 1. Suggestion of Structure / Prevention side Policy 2. Suggestion of Structure / Crackdown side Policy 3. Suggestion of Structure / Punishment side Policy 4. Suggestion of Strategy / Prevention side Policy 5. Suggestion of Strategy / Crackdown side Policy 6. Suggestion of Strategy / Punishment side Policy 7. Policy Sharing aspect for Vietnamese Intellectual Property Protection Part 2. The prevention against the Infringement on the Intellectual Property of Companies entering Vietnam and their Response Strategies 1. The Enhancement of Market Research 2. The Exposure of Competent Authorities 3. The Enhancement of Cooperation with Customs 4. The Promotion of Warning and Notification Activities Part 3. The Response Strategy for Companies entering Vietnam 1. The Establishment of Crackdown Cooperation System against those Imitating Illegally in Korea. 2. The Co-development of Response Strategy considering the type of Product and Pusiness 3. The Minimization of Risk through the Intellectual Property Reference Appendix

Consistency and risk-basis are core elements of effective enforcement of food safety legislation. In Finland, inspections of food retail premises have been conducted since 2013 based on new national guidelines for evaluation and grading. According to the guidelines, food control authorities should initiate an administrative enforcement process to ensure compliance if the food business operator (FBO) is given the poorest grade in the inspection. In this study, we examined the consistency within and between local food control units on the threshold of initiating an enforcement process. The study was conducted through an analysis of inspection reports of FBOs and by an electronic survey and interviews of local food control officials. The results reveal that most officials consider the national evaluation guidelines as helpful in improving the consistency of using enforcement measures. However, inconsistencies exist between and within the local food control units in the alignments of initiating an enforcement process. Enforcement measures are mainly used on a risk-basis and gradually, as in most enforcement cases the FBO had multiple non-compliances and the FBO had been given a prior request to correct the non-compliance before initiating an enforcement process. The results, however, revealed rather weak compliance and repeated violations among some FBOs. Based on the observed persistence of non -compliances and the efficacy of enforcement measures in inducing compliance, a lower threshold of initiating an enforcement process towards FBOs with repeated violations appears beneficial in enhancing the correction of violations. Increasing the consistency of the enforcement process begins with unifying the practices within the local food control units by establishing clear procedures for enforcement and ensuring adequate orientation of personnel. Further strengthening of cooperation, peer-review and discussion on interpretations of required control actions between the units is needed for nationally consistent implementation of the evaluation and disclosure system and use of enforcement measures. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ; Peer reviewed

International audience ; Until today, the protection of personal data is mainly left to the legislation by means of guidelines. This paper aims to increase the perceived control by users over their data by helping the user's agent to check the service requests conformity to the legislation. To do so, it discusses the main concepts involved in the legislative privacy principles, and deduces a privacy semantic information model. The proposed model focuses on the main concepts involved in legislative privacy principles. For proof of concept, we describe our proposed privacy semantic information model by means of privacy ontology. We use OWL as an implementation basis for defining privacy knowledge base, and SQWRL and the Jess rule engine to dynamically interact with that base and enforce legislative requirements as privacy access control rules

The NSW Office of Water (NOW) is responsible for the regulation of water extraction under the Water Act 1912 (NSW) and the Water Management Act 2000 (NSW). However, little is known about how water users have responded to regulation, including their knowledge, perceptions and experiences of the success or otherwise of these regulatory endeavours, and their own role in complying with legislative obligations. Nor is the role of communication and education in encouraging and facilitating voluntary compliance well understood. With the commencement of the National Framework for Compliance and Enforcement Systems in Water Resource Management in 2011 (which aims to provide a nationally consistent approach to better compliance and enforcement capabilities), it is timely to gauge water users' views and experiences to better inform future policy developments. The research study outlined in this report explores four central themes concerning water users: •Motivations for complying with legal obligations. •Views and experiences with NOW's compliance and enforcement policies and practices.•Sources of information and the perceived usefulness of information. •Knowledge of water regulations and resources used to assist with compliance.The purpose of the study is to identify opportunities for more efficient and effective regulation of water extraction in NSW.

The unpopularity of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 grew in light of the recession, recent international events, and continuing record budget deficits. This prompted many Congress members and congressional committees to consider the future of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990. Two hearings, held in October and November of 1991, exemplify the kinds of choices facing the Congress and the type of advice that Congress has been receiving. This article reviews the testimony given at the hearings by experts with established knowledge of federal budgeting.

A ZLRev article on gender and Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in Zimbabwe. ; Environmental education is essential for promoting sustainable development practices and strategies. Potentially, it may affect the choices various stakeholders, policy makers and managers make that affect the environment. Further, it is important for enforcement of the law in that it could affect the decisions the police make about prosecuting and their efficiency. Similarly, the perspective of the court affects how they interpret the law and their sentencing practice.* 1 Sound policy, programme formulation processes, planning and managerial practice that are able to address the social, economic and environmental objectives of sustainable development are essential. It is important for environmental education initiatives to challenge views currently held by policy makers, planners and enforcement agencies as well as to complement their knowledge base so as to promote better planning and management. Both Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) and gender are sorely neglected factors in decision making and policy formulation. This may be attributed to many factors including Zimbabwe's political history, existing gender relations, the institutional framework and the planning and managerial framework. This paper examines the significance of gender and IKS in the creation of such strategies. It seeks to locate rural women in the development scenario and to specifically identify their interests and values. Thus, it explores the relationship of rural women to knowledge systems and defines them as critical stakeholders.

This book offers an in-depth analysis of the concept of the direct enforcement of foreign restraint and confiscation orders, a crucial step in the process of asset recovery, including existing legal approaches and related challenges. In order to provide a balanced and informed overview, 31 jurisdictions, representing different United Nations regional groups and legal systems (civil law / common law / mixed systems), were selected as the focus of the analysis. This approach provides a meaningful picture of the situation worldwide from which generally applicable guidance could be drawn. The study suggests a series of practical steps and good practices for consideration by (1) countries exploring the possibility to introduce a direct enforcement mechanism into their domestic legal frameworks and (2) countries already in a position to directly enforce foreign confiscation orders but that are considering options to streamline processes and maximize results obtainable via direct enforcement approaches. This new StAR Initiative knowledge product is addressed to a broad range of law enforcement, justice, and asset recovery practitioners, as well as bodies involved in legislative and regulatory processes, and will be useful tool in their work.

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Series Editor's Introduction -- 1: Introduction: Intelligence-Led Policing, Crime Intelligence and Social Network Analysis -- Introduction -- Conceptual Frameworks of Law Enforcement -- The 3-I Model and Crime Intelligence -- Networks and Social Network Analysis -- Research Design -- Book Structure -- References -- 2: Social Network Analysis in the Field of Crime Intelligence: Historical Development, Application and Limitations -- Introduction -- The Theory of Social Network Analysis -- The Development of Social Network Analysis in Law Enforcement -- The Application of Social Network Analysis to Criminal Networks -- The Challenges and Limitations of Social Network Analysis as Applied to Criminal Networks -- The Gaps in Knowledge of Social Network Analysis and Law Enforcement -- Conclusion -- References -- 3: Social Network Analysis and Crime Intelligence -- Introduction -- Are Intelligence Analysts Using Social Network Analysis? -- Application of Social Network Analysis in Intelligence-Led Policing -- Key Actors and Network Vulnerabilities -- Avenues of Enquiry -- Link and Attribute Weights -- When to Apply Social Network Analysis? -- Conclusion -- References -- 4: Social Network Analysis and the Characteristics of Criminal Networks -- Introduction -- Size -- Data Challenges -- Incompleteness -- Incorrectness -- Inconsistencies -- Data Transformation -- Fuzzy Boundaries -- Dynamic -- Conclusion -- References -- 5: Social Network Analysis and the Organisational Characteristics of Law Enforcement Agencies: Investigative Focus -- Introduction -- Investigation Size -- Prosecution-Oriented -- Reactive Versus Proactive Investigations -- Conclusion -- References -- 6: Social Network Analysis and the Organisational Characteristics of Law Enforcement Agencies: Working Relationships.

Introduction: Perceptions based on our past experiences sometimes take us in the wrong direction -- Introducing the Scenario-Based Training: blending psychology, philosophy and technology -- When all expectations go wrong - Talk, Fight, Shoot or Leave?- Addressing the "Unconsciously incompetent" mode through scenario-based training -- Changing behavior : scenario-based training versus the impact of theoretical knowledge.-S uspension of judgment and time out for safety -- Victim, witness, perpetrator – the psychological and physiological impacts on police officers -- Scenario-Based Training and delivery of the "Unconscious competence." The implementation phase, the u nleashed competence or "the OODA loop" – Observe, Orient, Decide, Act -- Conclusions and recommendations for the future.

AbstractThis article argues that there are five major challenges currently facing Western intelligence communities. First – ensuring skills retention for intelligence officers and analysts, while developing knowledgeable managers and customers, all in an increasingly-complex security environment. Second – instituting and inculcating knowledge and expertise in these staff – while addressing an opponent in al-Qaeda which demonstrates increasingly sophisticated use of IT, new media, etc. Third – drawing-in outside expertise from the research and business communities, as is done currently in the US and Canada but in only a very limited manner in the UK. Fourth – overcoming institutional rigidity in dividing the foreign and domestic – alongside rigid sharing and co-operation relationships. Fifth – creating truly collaborative environments that offer genuine socio-cultural incentives to collaboration rather than mere 'IT solutions'.

AbstractThe American knowledge economy (AKE) is not a foreordained transition in the organization of economic production, nor is it a form of political economy shaped predominately by the political demands of highly educated workers. It is a politically generated consensus for producing economic prosperity and economic advantage over other nations in which intellectual property (IP), and the businesses that produce it, play a leading role. The history of AKE development reveals as much. In the AKE's formative period, from 1980 to 1994, IP producers and a faction of neoliberal Democrats (the "Atari Democrats"), not decisive middle-class voters, played a pivotal role in reconfiguring institutions of American political economy to hasten the AKE transition. Their vision of AKE development inherently complicated the Democratic Party's attitude toward rising market power and continues to shape contemporary disputes within the party over antitrust enforcement and the validity of the AKE project itself.

This study is based on in-depth interviews with 23 police reporters and 30 law enforcement officials located in the cities and counties of Tennessee's 11 major newspapers. The study finds that reporters are far younger than their source counterparts and less likely to have much experience or come from the local community. Law enforcement officials complain: Reporters are passing through the beat toward greater glory. Reporters, hardpressed to meet deadlines, often have to rely on the telephone, and find it difficult to deal, on occasion, with the bureaucracy. In evaluating such areas as "honesty," "fairness," "knowledge," and "effectiveness," law enforcement officials evaluated reporters slightly higher than the reverse evaluation. Police complain about "training" young reporters over and over.

The policing of drugs is an intriguing, complex, and contentious domain that brings into sharp focus the multifaceted nature of the police role and has farreaching consequences for health, crime, and justice. While research on drugs policing has historically been surprisingly sparse, fragmented, and underdeveloped, the field has recently become a burgeoning area of academic study, influenced by contemporary trends in policing practices, changes in drug policy, and wider social movements. This book makes a much-needed interdisciplinary and international contribution that engages with established and emerging areas of scholarship, advances cutting-edge debates, and sets an agenda for future directions in drugs policing. Drug Law Enforcement, Policing and Harm Reduction is the first edited collection to devote its attention exclusively to drugs policing. It brings together a range of leading scholars to provide a deep and thorough account of the current state of knowledge. In addition to academic analysis, authors also include serving police officers and policymakers, who have influenced how drugs policing is framed and carried out. Together, the contributors draw on a diverse set of empirical studies and theoretical perspectives, with the thread running throughout the book being the concept of harm reduction policing. With accounts from various countries, localities, and contexts, topics covered include the (in)effectiveness and (un)intended consequences of the war on drugs', attempts to reform drugs policing, and the role of partnerships and policy networks. The broader theme of inequality lies at the heart of this collection. An accessible and compelling read, this book will be of interest to academics and students of criminology, public health, and social policy, especially those researching policing, drug policy, and harm reduction. It also offers valuable insights and practical guidance for professionals working in the drugs field.

This book offers an in-depth analysis of the concept of the direct enforcement of foreign restraint and confiscation orders, a crucial step in the process of asset recovery, including existing legal approaches and related challenges. In order to provide a balanced and informed overview, 31 jurisdictions, representing different United Nations regional groups and legal systems (civil law / common law / mixed systems), were selected as the focus of the analysis. This approach provides a meaningful picture of the situation worldwide from which generally applicable guidance could be drawn. The study suggests a series of practical steps and good practices for consideration by (1) countries exploring the possibility of introducing a direct enforcement mechanism into their domestic legal frameworks and (2) countries that are already in a position to directly enforce foreign confiscation orders but that are considering options to streamline processes and maximize results obtainable via direct enforcement approaches. This new StAR Initiative knowledge product is addressed to a broad range of law enforcement, justice, and asset recovery practitioners, as well as bodies involved in legislative and regulatory processes. It will be a useful tool in their work