Suchergebnisse

The federal role in support of racially discriminatory practices in Public Housing in Chicago from 1963 through Jun 1971 is reported. A case study of federal efforts to deal with inadequate housing for low-income Americans is made. The research is based on M. Meyerson & E. Banfield's book POLITICS, PLANNING AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST (New York, NY: The Free Press, 1955). Their findings presented an ideal case of P. Selznick's "constituency relation" whereby the local constituency coopts the federal agency to serve local interests. The "constituency relation" persisted throughout the 1960's in the operation of the federal Public Housing program in Chicago. The city operated the program in a racially discriminatory way in violation of the Constitution, federal law, agency regulations & a court order of the US District Court. The defense of nonenforcement of civil rights legislation by HUD on the grounds that it does not want to use its programs to further social goals is questionable. HUD's failure to enforce its own regulations has social consequences. It reinforces local practices of segregation. Any solution to the problem of the failure of HUD to enforce Civil Rights regulations lies more with the attitude of the agency & the administrator than with the content of the regulations. Modified HA.

Formal models, most of them implemented with computers, play a critical role in the development, implementation, & enforcement of environmental regulatory policy. Some of these models serve as useful research tools in developing & testing theoretical insight; a large set are used directly in the day-to-day processes of impact assessment, policy formulation, & regulatory enforcement. A conceptual framework for classifying & thinking about environmental impact assessment models is constructed, the major model types are identified, & their limitations & problems explored, particularly as these models relate to the development, implementation, & enforcement of environmental regulatory policy. Major policy approaches to environmental control are summarized, & areas are identified where policy-oriented social science researchers might make important future contributions. 3 Tables, 7 Figures, 49 References. Modified HA.

THE USE OF HEROIN, AND ITS ACCOMPANYING SOCIAL PROBLEMS IS FACILITATED BY AN ILLEGAL MARKET PROCESS WHICH OPERATES MUCH LIKE ECONOMIC MARKETS IN GENERAL. 3 DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR SOCIAL CONTROL ARE EVALUATED: CONTROLLING SUPPLY THROUGH LAW ENFORCEMENT, CONTROLLING DEMAND BY DETAINING ADDICTS, AND REDUCING MARKET ACTIVITY BY INTRODUCING AN EFFECTIVE SUBSTITUTE FOR MARKET SERVIGES.

Discrimination on grounds of race, sex, & handicap persists in many local school districts in spite of nearly twenty years of sustained attention from federal policymakers. Because litigation proceeds slowly & expensively, & because administrative attacks on discrimination have been stymied by political controversy, additional policy strategies merit careful consideration. The operation of one such strategy in 9 local districts (4 in Calif & 5 in Mass) -- the mandatory collection of data concerning civil rights matters in schools -- was examined via questionnaire responses of school officials (N not given). It was found that data collection & reporting shaped local compliance with civil rights laws in four ways, by: (1) threatening local officials with future penalties, (2) providing political ammunition to constituencies that care about civil rights, (3) allowing local districts to learn about their own performance, & (4) framing school practices in ways that heighten awareness about equity. In this policy setting, data collection has advantages & disadvantages that complement those of other enforcement strategies. In this & other policy settings, data collection has the power to elicit compliance even in the absence of conventional enforcement. 30 References. Modified HA.