The article analyzes the current problems of using certain special knowledge in the investigation of murders. The essence and basic forms of special forensic knowledge (participation of a specialist in conducting investigative (search) actions, consultations of specialists, conducting forensic examinations) used in the process of investigation of these criminal offenses are determined. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of more frequent use of such types of expertise as phonoscopic, soil science and handwriting, the theoretical foundations and methodological basis of which need to be updated and adjusted to take into account the latest techniques and leading world practices. It is concluded that the level of development of relevant methodological recommendations in Ukraine in the field of phonoscopic, soil science and handwriting, their lack of focus on today's problems of investigative and judicial practice. The solution to this problem will be facilitate by the development at the state level and updating of the training program for novice experts, which should include a thorough study of both classical and modern methods and techniques, advanced foreign experience, which will expand the professional worldview research in proving the circumstances of committed criminal offenses, including murder.
The article is devoted to highlighting the issue of the use of special knowledge in the way of conducting an examination during the investigation of crimes committed with the use of violence. The study illustrates that the proposition that the expert's participation in the evidence in criminal proceedings is based on the laws and categories of dialectics and formal logic and, moreover, is carried out by combining practical and intellectual activity. Also, the main and atypical types of examinations are distinguished: forensic medical; forensic psychiatric; forensic psychological; forensic biological; ballistics; cold weapons examination; trans- and dactyloscopic. Depending on the investigative situation at the time of the forensic examination and the available evidence, a list of issues to be resolved by the expert is indicated, such as: forensic chemistry during the investigation of violent crimes; forensic and orological; soil science; molecular and other genetic examinations, depending on the type of crime, the situation under investigation and the physical objects available. It was concluded that the theoretical and methodological foundations of such examinations need to be updated and adapted to the latest technology and the best state-of-the-art world experience.
Our population is ageing very quickly. This increase is added to the rapid, exponential breakthrough of new technologies in our everyday lives. These two factors are generating great interest and many studies have been published on how information technology and communication simultaneously exist in ageing western societies. This paper analyses the main habits of use and consumption of new technologies by older people, in particular, the level of knowledge and their level of education. The purpose is to analyse whether the technological skills of our elderly are sufficient, as well as to know if the audio-visual resources are appropriate. This study wants to know if the ageing society is prepared to handle everything the internet has to offer. This study has taken place in three countries of the European Union: the United Kingdom, France and Spain. An attempt is made to generate comparisons and conclusions that help to increase the opportunities and to take on challenges of our current digital society. This study has used a methodology based on surveys which collect information on the use and habits in the three countries and the level of media literacy, as well as the interest of our elderly in training in new technologies.
Investigación documental que explica la importancia de los procesos de organización y representación del conocimiento (ORC) en el acceso expedito a las fuentes de información y conocimiento. La explicación se ofrece desde un enfoque racional, usando el análisis y la deducción, y abordando el tema desde lo general hacia lo específico. A partir de la reflexión sobre la necesidad humana de conocer y estar informado, y las dificultades que origina el crecimiento exponencial de los volúmenes de contenidos digitales y en formato físico, se hace una caracterización histórica y actual de la ORC, resaltando la incidencia que las tecnologías de información y comunicación tienen en los esquemas de sistematización y difusión del conocimiento, además de los cambios que se vienen dando en las estructuras del pensamiento humano, en los patrones de acceso a la información y en la misma ORC. Se concluye que la ORC crea los medios para erradicar la brecha informativa y democratizar el conocimiento, y se recomienda ahondar tanto en su construcción teórica como en el mejoramiento de sus aspectos prácticos. ; This documentary research explains the importance of organizational and representational knowledge processes (ORC) for the quick access of sources of information and knowledge. The explanation presented is based on a rational approach through the use of deduction and by approaching the issue from general to specific. A characterization, both historical and current, of the ORC is carried out from reflections on the human need to know and to be informed and the challenges brought about by the exponential growth in volume of content in digital and physical formats. This research highlights the impact of information and communication technologies have had on the outlines of systematization and dissemination of knowledge, the changes that are taking place in the structures of human thought patterns, in the patterns of access to in formation, and in ORC itself. This paper concludes that ORC creates the means to eliminate the information gap and democratizes knowledge. It recommends a deepening of its theoretical construction and improvement of its practical aspects
I (Budd) was working in Tanzania from 1970-1975 as the head of the research department of the Institute for Adult Education at the University of Dar-es-Salaam. I was part of a community of young researchers, both Tanzanian and expatriates, who had been attracted to work in Tanzania because of the vision of the late President Julius K Nyerere. Mwalimu (teacher) Nyerere was an engaging intellectual as well as the leader of the Independence movement. He had a vision for building Tanzania from an African political framework. His political philosophy was called Ujamaa, a Kiswahili word related to familyhood. His vision was often referred to as African socialism. Among the principles of this approach was the call to build on the knowledge and skills of ordinary women and men. The Tanzanian approach was one of the earliest examples of participatory development. As he said at times, "Poor people do not use money for a weapon, they use ideas and leadership". Over a period of time, we began, as an informal network of researchers, to find that the epistemological tools that we had been trained with, positivist, quantitative, and survey research methods, did not fit well with the Tanzanian emphasis on participatory development. Our research methods, developed in the seats of colonial power, centralized meaning making and the naming of the world. Researchers sitting in the capital city of Dar-es-Salaam were thinking up research topics, gathering data in large-scale field survey, only to make meaning of the subsequent findings based on the logical imagination in the minds of the researchers. Over a period of several years, many of us evolved an approach to research that we believed fit the vision, political aspirations, and reality of the Tanzanian context more adequately. We were encouraged in this work by a visit in 1971 of Paulo Freire who spoke to us about his approach to research that he called thematic investigation. His sophisticated theoretical approach to conscientization and the call to both read and write the world were very similar to the vision and practice that Nyerere was calling for. We called this way of working; participatory research. We first published a series of articles on participatory research in the journal of the International Council of Adult Education, Convergence in 1975 (Hall, 1975).
Societies develop better if properly manage their collective intelligence. The generation of collective intelligence is mediated by the application of institutional facts directed towards the production, distribution, dissemination and use of knowledge. Among the facts that enable social appropriation of knowledge stand the management, academic, communicative and educational kind. People and institutions that manage these types of acts contribute to the creation of more open and just societies. Any process of social transformation mediated by knowledge management; it is anchored to an ethic that requires minimally two things: First understand that the knowledge and wisdom of humanity are the patrimony of all and, second, that the duty to disclose and democratize knowledge and knowledge is also everybody's business. Methodology: critical rationalism (Popper) and hermeneutics (Gadamer). ; Las sociedades se desarrollan mejor si gestionan adecuadamente su inteligencia colectiva. La generación de inteligencia colectiva esta mediada por la aplicación de hechos institucionales dirigidos a la producción, distribución, divulgación y consumo de conocimientos. Entre los hechos que posibilitan la incorporación social de conocimientos y saberes se destacan aquellos de tipo empresarial, académico, comunicativo y educativo. Las personas y las instituciones que gestionan estos tipos de hechos contribuyen a la creación de sociedades más abiertas y justas. Todo proceso de transformación social medido por la gestión de conocimientos está anclado a una ética que exige mínimamente dos cosas: primera, entender que los conocimientos y saberes de la humanidad son patrimonio de todos y, segunda, que el deber de divulgar y democratizar el conocimiento y el saber es también asunto de todos. Metodología: racionalismo crítico (Popper) y hermenéutica (Gadamer).
The purpose of the research was to consider the essence of the use of criminal analysis in operational and search activities. The rationale is that it is necessary to improve the existing ways of using criminal analysis methods in operational and search activities. The methodological basis of the article is a dialectical approach. Moreover, during the research, a system of methods of scientific knowledge has been used: formal logic (abstraction, analogy, deduction, induction, synthesis) for detailed clarification of the content of the issues under consideration; empirical research method - during experimental research and interviewing experts; the method of system analysis - to determine the directions for the introduction of innovative approaches to solving the problem. As a conclusion it is proposed to make changes in the Law of Ukraine "On operational and search activities", in particular, to supplement clause 4 of the first part of Article 8 with the following provision: in order to perform the tasks of operational and search activity to obtain information held by telecommunications operators and providers, about communications, subscribers, provision of telecommunications services, in particular, about the reception of services, their duration, content, transmission paths, etc.
The aim of this study is to analyse the knowledge that trainee teachers at the University of the Basque Country have about characters and events of the civil war, and their possible use in Elementary Education to work on specific topics and attitudes.The study was carried out with 312 students, based on a questionnaire of four items.A high lack of knowledge has been found.On the one hand, the participants reproduce the knowledge acquired during their previous educational stage, where the teaching of history was based on a straightforward narration of wartime happenings, with political and military figures as main characters.The absence of a treatment of the civil war from a critical perspective, which integrates the memory of silenced or forgotten groups, means that students are not aware of the possible uses of a conflictive topic such as the civil war in the classroom.As a result, they are unaware of its potential for working on civic and citizenship skills, reflection and a critical perspective on history.It is therefore advisable to include historical memory in compulsory education, as well as in the initial teacher training, in order to facilitate a change of perspective in the teaching of the civil war and its consequences in the present. ; Este trabajo tiene como objetivos analizar el conocimiento que tiene el profesorado en formación de la Universidad del País Vasco sobre personajes y acontecimientos de la guerra civil, y su posible uso en la etapa de primaria para el trabajo de temas y actitudes concretos. Se ha realizado un estudio con 312 alumnos, que han rellenado un cuestionario de cuatro ítems. Se ha concluido que el alumnado tiene un alto grado de desconocimiento sobre la guerra civil y su posible uso en la etapa de primaria. Por un lado, reproduce los conocimientos adquiridos durante su etapa educativa anterior, donde la enseñanza de la historia estaba basada en el desarrollo lineal de sucesos y acontecimientos bélicos, unido a personajes de índole político y militar. La ausencia del tratamiento de la guerra civil desde una perspectiva crítica, y a partir de la memoria de colectivos silenciados u olvidados, supone que el alumnado desconozca los posibles usos que pueden dársele a un tema conflictivo como la guerra civil en el aula. Por ello, desconocen su potencialidad para trabajar la competencia cívica y ciudadana, la reflexión y la perspectiva crítica de la historia. Por tanto, se reconoce la necesaria inclusión de la memoria histórica en la enseñanza obligatoria, así como en la formación inicial del profesorado, que permita un cambio de perspectiva en la enseñanza de la guerra civil y sus consecuencias en nuestro presente.
A new impetus for recollecting information seems regaining appeal, maybe heir of the "social indicators movement". The movement was an heir to the supporters of quantification in the Social Sciences, as numbers were believed to be objective and scientific per se and information was considered to be a citizen's right. The study of society in its various dimensions has stimulated the search for and construction of statistical indicators and indices. The search for a better way of studying the progress of societies has often led to inappropriate uses of indicators and measures. GNP, for example, has been commonly considered to be an indicator of well‐being. The lack of a conceptual frame for studying well‐being is not the only problem, nor even the greatest. Of similar importance –or even greater– are the meager statistical skills of journalists, policy‐makers and –in general– the public. All together, these elements facilitate limiting the use of data in public debate. In this paper, I will consider the shift from political arithmetick to modern social reports (par. 1); the success of quantification in the administration of the State (par. 2); the misuses of quantification (par. 3); the current non‐use of quantification and the search for contextual conditions that interfere with the transformation of information into knowledge (par. 4). ; Un nuevo ímpetu por la recolección de información parece estar ganando terreno, tal vez heredero del "movimiento de los indicadores sociales". Este movimiento fue un legado de quienes apoyaban la cuantificación en las Ciencias Sociales, en la medida que los números se creían objetivos y científicos per se y la información se consideraba un derecho ciudadano. El estudio de la sociedad en sus múltiples dimensiones ha estimulado la búsqueda y construcción de indicadores e índices estadísticos. Sin embargo, el interés por contar con mejores formas de estudiar el progreso social ha conducido, muchas veces, a un uso inadecuado de indicadores y medidas. El PBI, por ejemplo, ha sido frecuentemente tomado como un indicador de bienestar. Pero la carencia de un marco conceptual para el estudio del bienestar no es el único problema, ni siquiera el más importante. Una significación similar –o aun mayor– la tiene la escasa competencia estadística de periodistas, hacedores de políticas públicas y –en general– la ciudadanía. En conjunto, estos elementos coadyuvan a limitar el uso de los datos en el debate público. En este artículo abordo el cambio desde la aritmética política hacia los modernos reportes sociales (par. 1); el éxito de la cuantificación en la administración del Estado (par. 2); los usos inadecuados de la cuantificación (par. 3); la actual no utilización de la cuantificación y la búsqueda de condiciones contextuales que interfieren en la transformación de la información en conocimiento (par. 4). ; Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (IdIHCS)
This study has been developed as part of a research project at the Centre of Electronic Government (CEGEL), at the University of Information Systems, affiliated to the current research program branch of the Ministry of Justice in Cuba. In order to develop this proposal, a technology management program enabling legal knowledge contained in scanned documents under the computer project "Cuban Popular Tribunals" was identified as a science to study Documentary Legal Informatics. Based on searching relevant information for the organization (SPC) on documents previously digitized with the computer project, there was the need to use documentary languages and to relate them with the design of information systems for the digital treatment of judicial information. The technology supporting knowledge management was translated into a computing architecture that connected ontology to its design. Also, whilst the role of ontologies is highlighted and regarded as documentary language within the science of documentation, it is considered a tool within computer sciences. This will establish the foundations to analyze and describe information from digital legal documents and to represent the knowledge contained in them. ; ResumenEl presente trabajo fue realizado en respuesta a una línea de investigación de un proyecto del Centro de Gobierno Electrónico (CEGEL), en la Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas, adscripto al programa ramal de investigación vigente en el Ministerio de Justicia en Cuba. Para la realización de la propuesta, una tecnología informática que permita gestionar el conocimiento jurídico contenido en los documentos que se digitalizan en el marco del proyecto informático "Tribunales Populares Cubanos", se identificó como ciencia a estudiar la Informática Jurídica Documental. A partir de las búsquedas de información relevantes para la organización (Tribunal Supremo Popular), sobre los documentos que digitaliza el proyecto informático, se observó la necesidad de usar los lenguajes documentales, y su vinculación al diseño de sistemas informáticos para el tratamiento digital de la información judicial. La tecnología de apoyo a la gestión del conocimiento, se concreta en una arquitectura informática que vincula las ontologías a su diseño. Además, se destaca el papel de las ontologías como lenguaje documental desde la ciencia de la documentación, y como herramienta desde la ciencia de la información. Con la finalidad de analizar y describir información desde los documentos jurídicos digitales, para representar el conocimiento presente en los mismos.AbstractThis study has been developed as part of a research project at the Centre of Electronic Government (CEGEL), at the University of Information Systems, affiliated to the current research program branch of the Ministry of Justice in Cuba. In order to develop this proposal, a technology management program enabling legal knowledge contained in scanned documents under the computer project "Cuban Popular Tribunals" was identified as a science to study Documentary Legal Informatics. Based on searching relevant information for the organization (SPC) on documents previously digitized with the computer project, there was the need to use documentary languages and to relate them with the design of information systems for the digital treatment of judicial information. The technology supporting knowledge management was translated into a computing architecture that connected ontology to its design. Also, whilst the role of ontologies is highlighted and regarded as documentary language within the science of documentation, it is considered a tool within computer sciences. This will establish the foundations to analyze and describe information from digital legal documents and to represent the knowledge contained in them.
In this editorial, a topic of great importance related to Knowledge Management (GC) is presented, as a facilitating process in the transmission of intellectual capital and experiences, produced by people and organizations, in order to learn and generate new knowledge . In this regard, the concept of Knowledge Management, appears at the end of the twentieth century, with the development of management models, which involved themes on total quality management, continuous innovation, organization, among others, appearing, in addition, the culture criticism that knowledge should spread, where possible with open access. However, with the current model of economic globalization and with the accelerated development of new information and communication technologies (ICT), the exchange of information and knowledge has been facilitated, knowledge management (GC) becoming especially relevant. ), as a new management model; where, the individual, the companies and the organizations, must adjust to the new situations of change to generate competitive advantages, expressed in better results of productivity, creativity, innovation, social responsibility, among others. (Gómez, Pérez & Curbelo, 2005). However, according to Nonaka & Takeuchi (1999), the GC is defined as: "It is an emerging discipline that aims to generate, share and use the tacit (know-how) and explicit (formal) knowledge existing in a given space , to respond to the needs of individuals and communities in their development. " In this regard, the individual knowledge expressed as tacit, which is part of the individual intellectual capital, or ability to KNOW-DO the individual, as the ability to learn and apply or generate new knowledge is revealed. At the same time, explicit knowledge refers to the knowledge of companies or organizations, which converts it into operational returns in the production of quality goods or services for the achievement of economic benefits, with a responsible impact at the social and environmental level, when Society service. From this point of view, one could understand that, scarce resources for companies or organizations are knowledge and experience, not capital resources. In this regard, it is noted that universities are shown as organizational entities, but it is worth mentioning, that historically these institutions have been the generators of scientific and technological knowledge, responding to the different problems of society, and showing a very important knowledge management, in the global village. Reflection is then made so that governments, institutions of higher education, organizations and companies, among others, producers and / or managers of knowledge, review their policies related to knowledge management and free access, as the Knowledge management (Argote, McEvily et Rodríguez, 2003), with its mechanisms of skills, motivation and opportunity (where everyone has the opportunity to learn from each other), represents an effective instrument for the distribution of knowledge in society, supported by the use of technology with ICT and Human Talent Management, among others. Thus, knowledge management is expected to contribute more and more to the appropriation and accessibility of knowledge for all. ; En la presente editorial, se plantea un tema de gran importancia relacionado con la Gestión del Conocimiento(GC), como proceso facilitador en la transmisión de capital intelectual y experiencias, producidas por laspersonas y organizaciones, con el fin de aprender y generar nuevo conocimiento. Al respecto, el conceptode Gestión del conocimiento, aparece a finales del siglo XX, con el desarrollo de modelos gerenciales, queinvolucraban temáticas sobre la gestión de calidad total, la innovación continua, la organización, entre otras,apareciendo, además, la cultura crítica de que el conocimiento debería propagarse, en lo posible con accesoabierto. Ahora bien, con el modelo actual de globalización económica y con el desarrollo acelerado de nuevastecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC), se ha facilitado el intercambio de la información yel conocimiento, adquiriendo especial relevancia la Gestión del conocimiento (GC), como un nuevo modelogerencial; donde, el individuo, las empresas y las organizaciones, deben ajustarse a las nuevas situaciones decambio para generar ventajas competitivas, expresadas en mejores resultados de productividad, creatividad,innovación, responsabilidad social, entre otras. (Gómez, Pérez & Curbelo, 2005).
Since the 1970s, the environmental consequences of the intensive use of agrochemicals have aroused the interests and concerns of technicians, scientists, and government agencies because possible contaminations caused by these substances. However, a major problem to be considered is the correct destination of pesticide containers after the use of the products, a liability resulting from the intensification of the use of pesticides formerly treated as common waste, or even dumped in the environment. This paper discussed the results obtained in the work carried out in Arealva City in São Paulo State, approaching the importance of the GEDAVE System (Animal and Plant Protection Management System), from use to the return of empty packaging, promoting better monitoring of the use and minimizing risks of this products. It was observed that farmers know the general rules that involve the rational use of agrochemicals, however, they still have difficulties in the practical applications regarding the storage in the rural property and the logistics of returning empty containers. So it was observed the necessity of the itinerant gathering with frequency, like tool that will solve the logistic difficulties reported. ; Desde a década de 1970 as consequências ambientais do uso intensivo de agroquímicos despertaram os interesses e preocupações de técnicos, cientistas e agências governamentais, devido às possíveis contaminações causadas por essas substâncias. No entanto, um grande problema a ser considerado é o destino correto dos recipientes de agrotóxicos após a utilização dos produtos: um passivo resultante da intensificação do uso de pesticidas, anteriormente tratados como resíduos comuns, ou mesmo dispostos no ambiente. Este trabalho discutiu os resultados obtidos no estudo realizado na cidade de Arealva no Estado de São Paulo, abordando a importância do Sistema GEDAVE (Sistema de Gestão de Proteção Animal e Fitossanitária), desde o uso até o retorno de embalagens vazias de agrotóxicos, promovendo melhor monitoramento do uso e minimizando os riscos desses produtos. Observou-se que os agricultores conhecem as regras gerais que envolvem o uso racional de agroquímicos, no entanto, ainda têm dificuldades nas aplicações práticas quanto ao armazenamento na propriedade rural e na logística de devolução dos recipientes vazios. Assim foi observada a necessidade de encontro itinerante com frequência, como ferramenta que resolverá as dificuldades logísticas relatadas pelos produtores rurais. ; Desde a década de 1970 as consequências ambientais do uso intensivo de agroquímicos despertaram os interesses e preocupações de técnicos, cientistas e agências governamentais, devido às possíveis contaminações causadas por essas substâncias. No entanto, um grande problema a ser considerado é o destino correto dos recipientes de agrotóxicos após a utilização dos produtos: um passivo resultante da intensificação do uso de pesticidas, anteriormente tratados como resíduos comuns, ou mesmo dispostos no ambiente. Este trabalho discutiu os resultados obtidos no estudo realizado na cidade de Arealva no Estado de São Paulo, abordando a importância do Sistema GEDAVE (Sistema de Gestão de Proteção Animal e Fitossanitária), desde o uso até o retorno de embalagens vazias de agrotóxicos, promovendo melhor monitoramento do uso e minimizando os riscos desses produtos. Observou-se que os agricultores conhecem as regras gerais que envolvem o uso racional de agroquímicos, no entanto, ainda têm dificuldades nas aplicações práticas quanto ao armazenamento na propriedade rural e na logística de devolução dos recipientes vazios. Assim foi observada a necessidade de encontro itinerante com frequência, como ferramenta que resolverá as dificuldades logísticas relatadas pelos produtores rurais.
ABSTRACT Objective: To gather some knowledge on maize landraces evolution within Juchitepec municipality, as well as describe and analyze those strategies carried out by peasant families in its use and conservation. Design/methodology/approach: A survey on 20 farmers from Juchitepec municipality was carried out, they were randomly sampled from "Producción para el bienestar" state program beneficiaries list. Additionally, a series of key informants semi-structured interviews were taken prior to the survey in order to address the main topics of importance in relation to maize within the region. Results: The studied population presented an advanced age (=61), nonetheless some young farmers has an important role within their production units. 75% own less than 6 Ha, mostly on ejido land. 89% maintains maize landraces cultivation. This task is achieved through adapting their practices and knowledge to specific conditions on cropfields. Some adjustments are made i.e.: changing sowing date, using different varieties or species, alternating crop fields. 17% grows hybrid maize varieties. Two native introduced landraces were identified, Ancho y Cacahuacintle, as a way of improving farmers' income. Some practices like the "de dos" cultivation are suffering changes as a result of machinery and economic resources availability. 100% of farmers use chemical fertilizers and herbicides. Commercialization of corn husk is an important economic activity. Seed exchange is frecuent, commonly between same community members. Ozumba market represents an important commercialization channel for native maize. Government settled prices for maize in 2019 weren´t high enough for native maize. Juchitepec farmers don´t get organized for maize production purposes. 65% consider themselves campesinos. Limitations on study/implications: Local agrarian system studies focused on peasant strategies should consider changes in behavior of peasants under different circumstances in order to better understand its adaptability. Findings/conclusions: Native maize survives within Juchitepec region sustained by peasants through knowledge and strategies applied on the reproduction and recreation of this varieties. Peasant strategies strengthen native maize conservation. Keywords: in situ conservation, plant genetic resources, traditional knowledge ; Objective: To determine the evolution that native corn has had in the municipality of Juchitepec, as well as to describe and analyze the strategies that peasants families are currently implementing for its use and conservation. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was carried out with 20 peasants in the municipality of Juchitepec, chosen from a random sample obtained from the register of the Producción para el Bienestar program. Additionally, a series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants, in order to identify the most important issues around corn in the region. Results: An elderly population was found (=61), but with some young people working decisively in its production units. Seventy-five percent own less than 6 ha, mostly communal land property. Eighty-nine percent of the farmers interviewed continue to grow native corn. They achieve this by adapting their practices and knowledge to the soil and climate conditions of their plots, modifying, for example, the sowing date, the variety or species cultivated, and the place of cultivation. Seventeen percent grow hybrid corn. Two native varieties have recently been introduced as a strategy to obtain greater profitability: ancho and cacahuacintle. Some practices are being modified based on the equipment and the economic resources available, such as the "de dos" labor that only 50% of the farmers carry out. Eighty percent do not have agricultural equipment. The use of chemical fertilizers and herbicides is widespread. The sale of corn husks is an economically important activity. Peasants frequently exchange seeds, usually with other members of their own community. The Ozumba market represents a vitally important marketing channel for native corn. The guaranteed prices established in 2019 were low for this type of corn. Peasants are not formally organized for corn cultivation. Sixty-five percent consider themselves peasants. Study limitations/implications: The study of local agrarian systems with a focus on peasant strategies should contemplate acting under different circumstances, preferably in several work cycles, to better understand their adaptability. Findings/conclusions: Native corn survives in the region, preserved in a socio-productive system based on peasant knowledges, strategies and socio-technical practices that enable its reproduction and recreation. Peasant strategies for the cultivation and use of these corns strengthen their conservation.
La población está envejeciendo de una manera muy rápida. A esta realidad hay que añadir el exponencial y rápido avance de las nuevas tecnologías en nuestras vidas cotidianas. Este binomio está generando gran interés y muchos son los estudios sobre la convivencia de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación en los diferentes colectivos de las envejecidas sociedades occidentales. Este trabajo analiza los principales hábitos de uso y consumo de las nuevas tecnologías en las personas mayores pero, sobre todo, el nivel de conocimiento y preparación que tienen. La finalidad es comprobar si la competencia mediática en materia tecnológica de nuestros mayores es la adecuada, así como conocer la adecuación de la oferta audiovisual actual. Este trabajo quiere responder a la cuestión de si los públicos de una sociedad europea envejecida están preparados ante la gran oferta online. Con este fin, se estudian los datos de tres grandes países de la Unión Europea como son Francia, Reino Unido y España, intentando establecer comparaciones y conclusiones que ayuden a aumentar las oportunidades y retos de nuestra actual sociedad digital. Para ello, se ha utilizado una metodología basada en encuestas de elaboración propia en los tres países en las que se retratan tanto los hábitos de uso y consumo como el nivel de competencia mediática, así como el interés o no por parte de los mayores en la formación en nuevas tecnologías ; Our population is ageing very quickly. This increase is added to the rapid, exponential breakthrough of new technologies in our everyday lives. These two factors are generating great interest and many studies have been published on how information technology and communication simultaneously exist in ageing western societies. This paper analyses the main habits of use and consumption of new technologies by older people, in particular, the level of knowledge and their level of education. The purpose is to analyse whether the technological skills of our elderly are sufficient, as well as to know if the audio-visual resources are appropriate. This study wants to know if the ageing society is prepared to handle everything the Internet has to offer. This study has taken place in three countries of the European Union: the United Kingdom, France and Spain. An attempt is made to generate comparisons and conclusions that help to increase the opportunities and to take on challenges of our current digital society. This study has used a methodology based on surveys which collect information on the use and habits in the three countries and the level of media literacy, as well as the interest of our elderly in training in new technologies
The international experience in standardizing the implementation of e-democracy is studied. Thanks to a set of methodological approaches (synergistic, complex, humanistic) and methods of scientific knowledge of social phenomena and processes se identify the prospects for the introduction of direct e-democracy in modern Ukraine and propose priority measures for the implementation of state policy in the field of training and development of e-democracy, based on modern management technologies. It is concluded that, as a form of realization of rights, e-democracy should be considered as an alternative to traditionally recognized methods and practices of law enforcement, and the purpose of its implementation is to promote the expansion of opportunities for the realization of citizens' rights. It also emphasizes that the idea of digitalization of the state must be balanced with the awareness of the practical usefulness of the model, its instrumental importance for the achievement of sustainable development goals and its progress, considering existing and potential risks.
