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A review of Karl Mannheim's career in & contribution to the sociology of knowledge between 1925 & 1933. His work began with commonplace observations from differing perspectives of thought, related to particular social classes at particular stages of historical development; he viewed social classes as carriers of distinctive ways of thought, & their needs & interests were occasionally expressed by him in psychoanalytic terminology. However, Mannheim was more interested in the logic of understanding & thought, the concept of ideology, & the construction of theories, than in concrete results of social research or detailed investigation of social facts. He viewed thinking men & women to be socially free-floating, & hence able to overcome the existential determination of thought & to synthesize truth from perspectivist partial truths. Since modern intellectuals are not free-floating but bound by livelihood, patronage, prestige, or power relationships, this notion is false. M. Malas

Kant used Copernicus' upheaval in thinking on astronomy to illustrate the profoundness of his critique of traditional metaphysics as 'system of pure reason'. The consequence for philosophy is the following: the perspective of an eternally valid pure reason as a means of gaining knowledge of the world is abandoned – because this approach results not in knowledge, but only in dogmas. Instead, we engage with Kant in a change of perspective. It is grasped how the operative subject manages perception in a changing, agitated world. Instead of understanding perception merely as a mirroring, mimetic achievement, Kant moves to understanding perception as poiesis, as construction, as experimental philosophy. That means: to qualify as perception, something has to be shown to be contrivable, to be construable. This constructiveness of the active subject does not only shape processes of knowledge and perception, but also changes our environment through revolutionary processes in politics and society. Reason in revolutions becomes evident in constituting the legal practice of civil and human rights (Bill of Rights und Code civil). ; Kant used Copernicus' upheaval in thinking on astronomy to illustrate the profoundness of his critique of traditional metaphysics as 'system of pure reason'. The consequence for philosophy is the following: the perspective of an eternally valid pure reason as a means of gaining knowledge of the world is abandoned – because this approach results not in knowledge, but only in dogmas. Instead, we engage with Kant in a change of perspective. It is grasped how the operative subject manages perception in a changing, agitated world. Instead of understanding perception merely as a mirroring, mimetic achievement, Kant moves to understanding perception as poiesis, as construction, as experimental philosophy. That means: to qualify as perception, something has to be shown to be contrivable, to be construable. This constructiveness of the active subject does not only shape processes of knowledge and perception, but also changes our environment through revolutionary processes in politics and society. Reason in revolutions becomes evident in constituting the legal practice of civil and human rights (Bill of Rights und Code civil).

Kant used Copernicus' upheaval in thinking on astronomy to illustrate the profoundness of his critique of traditional metaphysics as 'system of pure reason'. The consequence for philosophy is the following: the perspective of an eternally valid pure reason as a means of gaining knowledge of the world is abandoned – because this approach results not in knowledge, but only in dogmas. Instead, we engage with Kant in a change of perspective. It is grasped how the operative subject manages perception in a changing, agitated world. Instead of understanding perception merely as a mirroring, mimetic achievement, Kant moves to understanding perception as poiesis, as construction, as experimental philosophy. That means: to qualify as perception, something has to be shown to be contrivable, to be construable. This constructiveness of the active subject does not only shape processes of knowledge and perception, but also changes our environment through revolutionary processes in politics and society. Reason in revolutions becomes evident in constituting the legal practice of civil and human rights (Bill of Rights und Code civil). ; Kant used Copernicus' upheaval in thinking on astronomy to illustrate the profoundness of his critique of traditional metaphysics as 'system of pure reason'. The consequence for philosophy is the following: the perspective of an eternally valid pure reason as a means of gaining knowledge of the world is abandoned – because this approach results not in knowledge, but only in dogmas. Instead, we engage with Kant in a change of perspective. It is grasped how the operative subject manages perception in a changing, agitated world. Instead of understanding perception merely as a mirroring, mimetic achievement, Kant moves to understanding perception as poiesis, as construction, as experimental philosophy. That means: to qualify as perception, something has to be shown to be contrivable, to be construable. This constructiveness of the active subject does not only shape processes of knowledge and perception, but also changes our environment through revolutionary processes in politics and society. Reason in revolutions becomes evident in constituting the legal practice of civil and human rights (Bill of Rights und Code civil).

"Design as Future-Making is a collection of essays by an international roster of leading designers and theorists who share a new understanding of design as a socio-material practice embedded within a multiplicity of ways of making the world.Issues such as social justice, environmental health, political agency, education, and even the right to pleasure and play, are customarily thought of as dematerialised ideas and values. Yet, each of those realms of daily life are affected by - indeed, determined by - their physical and virtual contexts. Design as Future-Making argues that design is not only integral to social issues, but it is also an integrated mode of thought and action - one that variously draws on and informs disciplines such as philosophy, sociology, anthropology, political science, and psychology"--

One form of criticism of liberal legal theory in the United States has been the neo-Marxist attempt to establish itself in United States jurisprudence. Described is the potential in critical legal thought for use in the revitalization of Marxist political thought, eg, its practical orientation & attention to reason & justice. Particularly, critical legal thought ascertains that the democratic needs of collective decision making, dispute resolution, & politically expressive bodies be formalized & anticipated. Argued is a transcendence of traditional law & the state, which serve to insulate class power, in favor of a concept of law as the definitive practice of capitalism's social order. Modified Author Summary.