Suchergebnisse

Discusses recent adoption of Komi as an official language of the Komi Autonomous Republic of Russia; includes historical background.

Projects constructing ethnicity on the basis of territorial identity have been common in Europe but rather rare in Russia. This paper analyzes two such projects that have been undertaken in the northeast of the European part of Russia: the successful construction of the Komi-Permiak ethnic identity in the late 1920s–30s, and the unsuccessful project of constructing the Iz'vatas (Izhma-Komi) ethnic identity in the first decade of the twentieth century. A comparison of the two projects shows that the primary reason for the failure of the latter was most probably linguistic and terminological: The choice of defining ethnicity in strictly geographic terms has made the project unacceptable for those potential Iz'vatas, whose geographic identity was not properly described by that name. In the case of Komi-Permiaks, the choice of the ethnonym was more geographically neutral, and this contributed significantly to the success of this project.

Die Republik Komi im Norden Rußlands ist in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht durch Kohle-, Erdöl- und Erdgasförderung sowie durch die holzverarbeitende Industrie gekennzeichnet. Insbesondere die Erdölverarbeitung ist derzeit bestrebt, ausländische Investoren einzubeziehen. Unter den sozialen Problemen hat die ansteigende Arbeitslosigkeit in letzter Zeit an Brisanz gewonnen. Auf dem politischen Sektor, der im zweiten Kapitel detailliert analysiert wird, stehen sich Demokraten und Nationalisten im Obersten Sowjet der Republik gegenüber; zudem ist hier ein starkes Wählerpotential für die "Frauen Rußlands" vertreten. (BIOst-Rgl)

Introduction. The language situation in Russia is unique with a fair number of languages spoken on its territory and all of them having different status and scope of use. This implies the relevance of the study that focuses on the analysis of code-switching in the spoken language of the bilinguals speaking Komi and Russian and Karelian and Russian. The novelty of the study is implied by the analysis of the code-switching in the language pairs mentioned above. This contributes to the development of the code-switching theory.Methodology and sources. The methods of language data collection and processing are sociolinguistic methods of interviewing, questionnaire, observation, quantitative and descriptive methods. The research material are scripted dialogues with bilinguals as well as the "Komi mu" and "Parma gor" 2022 issues.Results and discussion. The study of the Komi-Russian and Karelian-Russian code-switching was conducted using P. Muysken's topology of code-mixing. P. Muysken sees code-switching as alternation, insertion, and congruent lexicalization according to the degree of the foreign word assimilation in the matrix language. The features of the spoken language of the Komi-Russian bilinguals are the frequent use of Russian discursive and introductory lexical items and adverbs; the nouns and the adjectives usually following the grammatical rules of Komi; the respondents giving preference to Russian versions when using numerals. For the spoken language of the Karelian-Russian bilinguals it is typical to address to Russian vocabulary, especially when mentioning dates, numbers, and using introductory words and phrases; Russian words are also being quite easily transformed according to the Karelian grammar through its case system.Conclusion. Spontaneous speech of the bilingual interviewees contains a great number of code-switching, that could be a convincing demonstration of the language shift and is conditioned by a number of extralinguistic and linguistic factors, such as language prestige, language functionality, language situation, the native language of the interlocutor, and the willing of the respondent to use a certain language.

The Komi-Permiaks and Their HomelandAccording to the Soviet 1989 census, there was a total of 496,600 Komis in the USSR. The nationality is composed of two main groups, closely related to each other ethnically, culturally and linguistically: the Komi-Zyrians and the Komi-Permiaks. The former are numerically larger, amounting to 344,500 in 1989, while the latter numbered 152,100. The status of the two as distinct ethnic groups is still debated, but in terms of territorial administration the two groups have been treated separately. The Komi-Zyrians have the Komi Republic as their titular unit, whereas the autonomy of the Komi-Permiaks is of lower rank, an autonomousokrug(area) within the Perm' province. In line with the administrative separation, Soviet language planners classified the two groups' languages as distinct ones.