Suchergebnisse

It is known that to define the object of research is the first and indispensable step on the road to a more objective indicators of the studied phenomena. Specifically, precise and unambiguous definition is one of the key preconditions for success of the research. However, anyone who chooses police corruption as the subject of his research will encounter, at the very outset, the problem of how to define the phenomenon which he intends to investigate. The reason for this is the fact that corruption in general, and thus the 'police corruption', is interpreted in very different ways. As a result, it is obvious that the literature designates as police corruptions a wide range of behaviors and even phenomena of significantly different nature, such as violent behavior, for example. Such behavior is admittedly much easier to separate from corruption and to look into independently, whereas it is much harder to do so in case of practices which are very close to corruption, especially as some of them are referred to as being corrupt. In this sense, two phenomena appear to be particularly indicative - conflicts of interest and process corruption. The tendency of the author is to - as part of this study - examine the characteristics of these two phenomena and their relationship with corruption, trying in this way to contribute to finding the most precise definition of 'police corruption'. ; Poznato je da definisanje predmeta istraživanja predstavlja prvi i neizostavni korak na putu do što objektivnijih pokazatelja proučavane pojave. Tačnije, precizno i nedvosmisleno definisanje je ključni preduslov uspešnosti samog istraživanja. Međutim, svako ko izabere korupciju u policiji za predmet svog istraživanja već na samom početku će se susresti sa problemom kako da definiše pojavu koju namerava da istraži.Razlog tome treba tražiti u činjenici što se korupcija generalno, pa time i 'policijska korupcija', tumači na veoma različite načine. Kao posledica takvog stanja primetno je da se u literaturi pod pojam korupcije u policije svrstavaju brojna ponašanja, pa čak i pojave bitno drugačije prirode, kao što su recimo ponašanja sa elementima nasilja. Ovakva ponašanja je doduše znatno lakše odvojiti i nezavisno sagledati od korupcije, dok je to mnogo teže učiniti u slučaju pojava koje su veoma bliske korupciji, posebno što neke od njih u svom nazivu čak i nose tu odrednicu. U tom smislu posebno indikativnim smatramo dve pojave - sukob interesa i tzv. 'korupciju procesa'. Težnja autora je da u sklopu ovog rada sagleda osobenosti ovih dveju pojava i njihov odnos sa korupcijom, nastojeći na taj način da doprinese iznalaženju što preciznije definicije 'policijske korupcije'.

Police corruption is one of the most harmful social phenomena. There are several reasons why it is so. At first, police corruption leads to the negation of what should be the role of police in a democratic society, and that is law enforcement, fighting crime, protecting the interests of citizens and so on. Corruption of the police breaking the law, creates a crime rather than suppress it and undermining the fundamental interests of the state and its people. There are many definitions of police corruption. Most of the definition of police corruption emphasizes two main features: violation of norms by abuse of official powers and personal benefit which is obtained in such a way. There are many factors that can influence and lead to police corruption. There are three main groups of factors, including: individual, organizational factors and social factors. For better understanding of police corruption is very important to understand the process in which the police moving from the 'right path' and become corrupt. Police corruption is a process that occurs and develops through several possible phase, from receiving gifts of small value to receiving large sums of money or other benefits. Police corruption is generally difficult to detect. Unlike other forms of deviant behavior, police corruption is less visible, harder to determine its existence and scope. Bearing in mind the harmful effects of corruption is vary important to find ways for its successful suppression. The fight against corruption in the police involves a complex strategy. Successful fight against corruption involves and its repressive and preventive aspects. ; U radu se analizira problem korupcije policije, ukazuje na osnovne razloge zbog kojih se korupcija smatra jednim od najtežih vidova nezakonitog rada policije, daje njena definicija, razmatraju teorijski koncepti koji se primarno bave njenim objašnjenjem, analiziraju osnovni faktori koji utiču na njenu pojavu i daje tipologija policijske korupcije. Posebna pažnja je posvećena analizi procesa u kojem policija skreće s 'pravog puta' i postaje korumpirana, kao i okolnostima koji otežavaju njeno otkrivanje i suzbijanje. Na kraju se ukazuje na rešenja koja mogu da pomognu iskorenjivanju korupcije policije ili da bar svedu na minimum štetne posledice koje ona izaziva u društvu.

Tranzicijski put koji je počeo raspadom jugoslavenskog socijalističkog sustava i prijelazom na demokratski sustav, i danas usporava razvoj hrvatskog društva. Za objašnjenje tog makro-sociološkog društvenog procesa koristi se alat analitičke sociologije: kauzalni mehanizam. Kauzalni mehanizam omogućuje plauzibilno objašnjenje makro-sociološkog odnosa pomoću mikro-sociološke dimenzije. Spuštanjem na razinu aktera dobivamo uvid u mehanizme koji su pomogli stvaranju ortačkog kapitalizma. Tako je situacija, u kojoj su se našli članovi HDZ-a nakon uvjerljive pobjede na izborima, gdje su dobili pristup državnim resursima i direktan utjecaj na proces privatizacije, stvorila kod drugih aktera vjerovanje da se članstvom u HDZ-u može profitirati. To vjerovanje otvorilo je prostor za nepotizam i korupciju, jer se suradnja s vladajućima u tom trenutku činila optimalnom (brza materijalna korist). Kada se takav način djelovanja usustavio, dogodila se transformacija u sustav ortačkog kapitalizma. ; The transitional path began with the decomposition of a socialistic system of Yugoslavia and with the transition to a democratic system. That transitional path is still slowing down the development of Croatia. To explain that macro-sociological phenomena we will use the casual mechanism which is used in analytical sociology. Casual mechanism will give us the plausible explanation of macro-sociological relation by observing micro-sociological dimension. Observing the agent enables us to see the mechanisms that helped to create crony capitalism. The situation, where members of HDZ have won the election, and have taken the control of government and its resources, where they have had a big influence on the process of privatization. That situation helped to create the belief that cooperation with HDZ will benefit agents that wanted to participate in the process of privatization. That belief enabled nepotism and corruption, because agents believed that they will benefit from cooperation with HDZ. When such an agency becomes a pattern, ...

Disertacija sarži uvod, četiri poglavlja i zaključak. U prvom poglavlju pod naslovom "Nastanak i delovanje Organizacije ujedinjenih nacija" izložen je početak pojave ideje Međunarodne organizacije kao i istorijski razvoj ovog koncepta do svetske porodice u današnje vreme, koju čine 193 države. Takođe, dotaknuta je serija izjava kao i međunarodne konferencije koje su dovele do formiranja Organizacije ujedinjenih nacija, formulisanja njenih ciljeva i principa, kao i načina i uslova učlanjenja u tu organizaciju. Detaljnije su proučavane uloge Generalne skupštine i Saveta bezbednosti zbog njihove važnosti. U drugom poglavlju, pod naslovom "Razlozi koji ukazuju na potrebe reforme Organizacije ujedinjenih nacija", objašnjeni su sledeći razlozi neophodnosti reforme ove organizacije: 1. skretanje Ujedinjenih nacija s puta; 2. kontradiktornosti sistema Ujedinjenih nacija; 3. nedostaci Povelje Ujedinjenih nacija; 4. nedostaci u mehanizmu donošenja odluka; 5. svetske promene; 6. mistifikacija u misijama Ujedinjenih nacija; 7. moćna središta; 8. raskorak između misije i raspoloživih sredstava; 9. korupcija. U trećem poglavlju, pod naslovom "Organizacija ujedinjenih nacija između povelje i dominantne sile" objašnjen je odnos Sjedinjenih Američkih Država sa Organizacijom ujedinjenih nacija kroz sledeću grupu tačaka i tema: 1. siže američkih promena od izolacije do internacionalizma; 2. politika SAD u Ujedinjenim nacijama tokom hladnog rata; 3. stav SAD o ulozi UN u oblasti čuvanja mira, ekonomske saradnje i ljudskih prava; 4. stav SAD prema UN u periodu pre raspada Sovjetskog Saveza; 5. SAD i UN posle hladnog rata; 6. američki stav prema UN posle završetka hladnog rata 7. administracija Džordža Buša i Ujedinjene nacije (opšti stav prema međunarodnoj organizaciji, političko viđenje SAD pre i posle događaja 11. septembra 2001. godine); 8. američki interesi i reforma Ujedinjenih nacija (reforme UN i realizacija američkih interesa, američko viđenje reformi); 9. predsednik Barak Obama i njegova metodologija za promene i odnos sa UN. U četvrtom poglavlju, pod naslovom "Reforme Organizacije ujedinjenih nacija" definisan je problem ove studije kroz grupu tačaka i pitanja i istraživane su međunarodne promene koje je svet doživeo kao glavni faktor za izvršenje procesa reforme koje su potrebne Ujedinjenim nacijama. ; The dissertation consists of an introduction, four chapters and the conclusion. The first chapter:"The Emergence and the Function of the United Nations", deals with the emergence of the idea of international system , and how this idea developed historically till it reached nowadays to international family consisting of 193 states of various continents and cultures . These states are joined in an institutional frame founded on optional and contractual pillars, which is the United Nations. In addition, it deals with the chain of declarations and conferences that led to the foundation of this organization. Moreover, it focuses on the purposes, principles and membership of the United Nations, as well as the General Assembly and Security Council due to their important role in the United Nations system. The second chapter: "The Reasons for the Reform of the United Nations", deals with the necessity reasons for reform; due to the United Nations is in urgent need of it. The intended reform is to do whatever necessary to raise its efficiency and performance. Therefore, it is possible to determine the objective reasons of this reform in the following titles, and they are: 1. The deviation of United Nations from its course that it was founded for; 2. The inherent contradictions of United Nations system since its foundation, 3. The deficiencies and imbalances in the United Nations Charter; 4.The imbalance in decision –making structures and mechanisms; 5. International Changes; 6.The vagueness of tasks entrusted to the United Nations; 7. Extreme Centralism; 8. The big gap between the intended tasks to be achieved and the available resources; 9. Corruption. The third chapter: "The United Nations between the Charter and the Dominant Power", focuses on the relation between the USA with the United Nations. This is a necessary item for the research due to the current international conditions and challenges facing humanity such as local and regional conflicts, health, natural catastrophes, etc. which fall under the scope of the United Nations. The dominant role the US plays in the international arena singles out its special impact on the performance of this organization. This role has gone through many changes in recent history depending on the geopolitics of the world namely after the collapse of the Eastern Bloc and the advent of the short-lived unipolarity up to the beginning of emergence of multipolarity. Every stage marked nuances in the US policy towards the United Nations. In fact, the US approach to international affairs developed in big leaps from isolationism to its involvement in WWII and the establishment of the United Nations.