Suchergebnisse

Neste artigo é sinteticamente apresentada a evolução ocorrida no âmbito do ensino em Informação e Documentação em Portugal, correlacionando-a com o contexto internacional.Esta abordagem inicial permite-nos perceber a mudança de paradigma ocorrida e as relevantes e complexas alterações provocadas pelo impacto das trasnformações económicas, sociais, culturais e tecnológicas que caracterizam a Era da Informação, assim como a emergência de uma nova área científica - a Ciência da Informação -. Ambas contribuíram para o aparecimento de novas perspectivas de serviços de informação, de novos profissionais de informação e, sem dúvida, de novos modelos de formação.É ainda considerado o posicionamento no contexto Europeu e a implementação do Espaço Europeu do Ensino Superior, cuja criação visa a aproximação dos países da União Europeia, no âmbito da formação, incluindo a área específica da formação em Informação e Documentação. ; This article starts by a brief overview of the evolutive process in the field of education in Library and Information Science (LIS) in Portugal and its connection with international contexts.This approach allows to understand the paradigm shift and the crucial and complex changes caused by the impact of social, economic, cultural and technological conditionsof the information era as well as the emergence of a new scientific area - Information Science (IS). Both contributed to the arising of new perspectives in information services, new information professionals and,undoubtedly, new education models.Considering the positioning in the European space, will also be considered the implementation of the European HigherEducation Area, whose creation endeavoured an educational approach across the European Union countries, including LIS field.

The article discusses how he has applied various concepts from speech communication, psychology, military science and martial arts in teaching LIS. He shows that the choice of the tools of the trade is still a personal choice in the exercise of academic freedom.

L'articolo esamina le sfide e le opportunità che il Library and Information Science Department della St. Petersburg State University of Culture ha affrontato durante la pandemia di Covid-19.I problemi didattici erano dovuti alla mancanza di esperienza tra i docenti nell'organizzazione dell'apprendimento digitale (digital learning, DL). I problemi tecnologici sono stati di due tipi: la mancanza di un adeguato learning management system(LMS) e quella di computer e software adeguati sia tra i docenti sia tra gli studenti. Non esisteva in precedenza una politica chiara e rigorosa di DL ma, in qualche modo, questo ha fornito flessibilità nell'organizzazione dei processi di apprendimento.Inoltre, la situazione di chiusura e l'isolamento sono stati psicologicamente molto difficili da affrontare, generando un'ansia costante e una sensazione di perenne ritardo, pur lavorando tutti i giorni.Per affrontare questi problemi sono state elaborate nuove strategie di DL, facendo ricorso a tecnologie 'a portata di mano': la videoconferenza su Zoom e il social network russo VKontakte; la mancanza di attrezzature a casa è stata compensata dall'aumento della flessibilità dell'insegnamento e dell'apprendimento, si è sviluppato un ambiente DL che includesse materiali di apprendimento e di insegnamento, nonché una biblioteca digitale. Si è ricorso alla didattica a distanza con brevi lezioni via Zoom, sia sincrone sia asincrone. L'apprendimento online ha avuto un approccio problem-based e project-based, motivando gli studenti a lavorare in gruppo e su casi di studio concreti. Sono stati inoltre elaborati nuovi sistemi di valutazione dei progressi dell'apprendimento degli studenti con quiz online e risoluzione di casi. Per gestire l'ansia, si è rafforzato il lavoro di supervisione e di mentoring.Nonostante le nuove sfide e le tendenze portate dalla pandemia, il dipartimento ha conservato le sue tradizioni educative che hanno permesso il miglioramento della qualità generale dell'istruzione. ; The paper reviews challenges and opportunities ...

The rhetoric of public librarianship includes many ringing claims for the role of libraries in democracy; and, on the 20-year anniversary of the advent of democracy in South Africa in 1994, it is an opportune moment to examine the rather confusing fortunes of libraries in our young democracy. In recent years, some 20 libraries have been destroyed in social protest; yet the LIS profession would argue that libraries are agents of development and social transformation. The paper reports on the work of the authors on the LIS Transformation Charter which, after a start-stop-start process of two phases over six years, has now been handed to government. The paper analyses the political and professional forces that influenced the Charter writing process; but we argue that the final Transformation Charter offers a vision of a transformed and integrated library system that has meaning to all sectors of South African society.

The paper draws on the LIS data to describe the socio-economic situation of the Middle Classes for a selection of European countries over the last 30 years. The LIS data were used as they cover a wide range of countries, including not only European countries, but also American and Asiatic countries like India, China, Russia, Brazil, Peru or Chile. In addition, for some countries, LIS time series start in the seventies, which is particularly interesting for analysis over time. The paper starts with an historical and sociological review of the middle class concept in France, Germany, Belgium and the United Kingdom. Different options are considered then to define the middle classes, namely using subjective (self-assessment) or more objective criteria like income level, education attainment or type of occupation. The income-based definition is finally chosen as comparative data on income are now available in the European countries from sources like the LIS or EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Besides, income is generally correlated with socio-economic characteristics like age, education attainment or occupation. Based on this definition, summary statistics (size, mean income.) are produced for the middle class households in European countries. We observe that the situation of middle class households varies from one country to another: the group is getting smaller in some countries, while getting larger in others. With regard to income levels, the mean income of middle class households has been increasing over the last decades. However, it should be noted that the increase was in some key European countries (such as France) slower than the increase for lower class or upper class households.

In combating poverty, whether or not to design a universal program or a targeted program has been a perpetual dilemma. The objective of this paper is to conduct an international comparison of the 'universality' and 'targeting' of social security systems. The paper presents an outline of methodologies used in assessing the universality and categorical targeting of the poor. Two methodologies are employed. The first builds on the work of Beckerman and examines how positive and negative net transfers are distributed using micro-data from eleven countries; the second employs a logistic regression method to estimate the effects of the initial poverty gap and categorical status of a household on its poverty outcome. The data used are drawn from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) database and a micro-data from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan.

Librarianship has long been viewed as a "pink collar" profession, meaning a predominantly female profession. Such a gendered distinction still holds true when it is broken down into sub-fields such as academic and public librarianship. However, the stark gender differences do lessen in the field of academic librarianship when compared to public librarianship, similar to k-12 education and higher education. A 2017 article "Gender in the Journals: Publication Patterns in Political Science" inspired this current study because we wanted to know if there was a similar gender gap in publication in this female dominated profession as there was in a male dominated profession. At a technical level, we show how data can be pulled from a database using an API, and cleaned and transformed into a usable tabular format, using open source tools. More broadly, we show how data can be obtained from published sources and extrapolated to fill in gaps which would not otherwise be obtainable, such as demographic data, which can then be assessed and analyzed. The results show women authorship is not proportional to the gender make-up of the profession as whole. But if overall, if equity in representation is the goal, more women need to be published in these journals, and potentially LIS research publishing as a whole.