Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the analysis of social justice as a universal value that determines the evaluation of social practices in all the spheres of social life. But the study of such an evaluation of society in the sphere of interethnic relations is faced with a number of theoretical problems. The authors show that when evaluating interethnic relations in accordance with the criterion of social justice, due to the ambiguous interpretation of their meaning, it is necessary to rely on an interdisciplinary approach. An important area of this analysis is the correlation of the theoretical understanding of ethnicity and the practice of state building in the context of the cultural diversity of the population. Two strategies for achieving social justice in the sphere of interethnic relations are shown: the building of the SU ethno-nations and the building of the RF nation with securing civil rights in the sphere of the implementation of ethno-cultural identity and providing conditions for the development of ethno-cultural diversity.

Modern sociology places dignity and justice at the center of social debate. In estatebased societies only the aristocrats possessed the right to dignity and honor. The article analyzes these concepts as elements of the general structure of meaning underlying the institutions of modern societies. However, the progress of society conducive to their entry into the state of modernity the right to dignity kept extending towards an ever greater number of citizens. Dignity became an element of the policy of equality that tended to override the line of distinction charted by estates or other social subjects. In the early years of equalization policy, the struggle of dignity and equality assumed the form of recognition of the so-called natural rights of man, that constituted the essence of human condition. The idea of natural rights led to a debate and later to policy measures that resulted in the modern concept of citizenship. The latter asserted the right of every human being to dignity, equality before law and freedom to engage in productive, entrepreneurial activity without interference from other actors of political or economic life. The idea of equality, embedded in citizenship, came to be expressed in the policy of inclusion that overcame social prejudice and consequently in policies that extended political recognition to ever wider social groups. In the 20th century the egalitarian policy led to a wider scope of social rights that were regarded as a necessary condition of social justice and human independence. At present the principles of dignity and justice are implemented in social policy as acquired "capabilities" — a sum of life forces and means that allow citizens to uphold their citizenship regardless of the conditions in which they find themselves. Inclusion turns into the main vector of social policy, setting out to endow citizens with equal rights and resources that are necessary for their implementation.

The article analyzes the idea of justice in Western political philosophy. Drawing on his earlier publications, the author traces the history of the concept of justice in the "great ideologies" (liberalism, conservatism, and Marxism), and also examines in detail the main approaches to the understanding of justice in modern political theory. The author's task is not only to analyze certain attitudes to the problem of justice, but also to find the most satisfactory conception. As such, the conception of "functional capabilities" proposed by contemporary researchers Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum is mentioned first of all. ; Статья посвящена анализу идеи справедливости в западной политической философии эпохи модерна. Автор, отталкиваясь от своих более ранних публикаций, прослеживает историю концепции справедливости в «великих идеологиях» (либерализм, консерватизм, марксизм), а также достаточно подробно рассматривает основные подходы к пониманию справедливости в современной политической теории. Задача автора — не только анализ тех или иных позиций в отношении проблемы справедливости, но и поиск наиболее удовлетворительной ее концепции. В качестве таковой названа прежде всего концепция «функциональных возможностей» современных исследователей Амартии Сена и Марты Нуссбаум.

Рассмотрены проблемы социальной ответственности и социальной справедливости в международном бизнесе. Сделан акцент на использовании опыта стран с развитой экономикой по данным проблемам в экономике Украины. ; The problems of social responsibility and social justice in the international business are considered. The emphasis is placed on using the experience of developed economies according to the problems in the Ukrainian economy.

The article considers the phenomenon of social science debates in the form of the opposition 'West/Non-West' and its social-political and identification consequences. The authors focus on the history of this opposition, the ways to overcome the scientific and social confrontations that were determined by it, and on the methodological significance of the concept 'Non-Western theories'. The authors study the features of social and political knowledge of the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America; compare social values of Western Europe, China and other countries to identify the ways for its integration in the course of postcolonial political and scientific development. In particular, the article compares the axio-logical triad of T. Heuss (democracy, Roman law, Christian ethics) and the Chinese dyad — the will of the people (minxin suoxiang) and three convents (sāngāng). Within the West/Non-West opposition, the Western European, Chinese, Japanese, Indian, African, Latin-American social-political constructs are considered to assess the productivity of some categorical oppositions and contaminations adopted in the sphere of social knowledge and to prove the theoretical inconsistency of multiculturalism. The authors also consider the issues of eurocentrism and Western-European messianism on the examples of their relationship with Sino-Centrism, and the ideas of African and Latin-American nationalism. Such comparisons prove the metatheoretical status of the 'West/Non-West' opposition that can be explained within the paradigm of the social construction of reality. The authors conclude that the concepts 'West' and 'Non-West' do not have a truly scientific status; they are rather markers of social values claiming a special identification value, i.e. having a direct relation to self-representation. The concepts 'West' and 'Non-West' are a kind of political declarations tather than an evidence of epistemological differences in the foundations of social knowledge in different parts of the globe. © K.V. Radkevich, A.V. Shabaga, 2017.

Целью настоящего исследования является выявление причин, по которым делегаты IX-го Всероссийского съезда судей (декабрь 2016 г.) не продолжили линию развития отечественного правосудия, провозглашенную Постановлением VIII-го Всероссийского съезда судей № 1 от 19 декабря 2012 г. «О состоянии судебной системы Российской Федерации и основных направлениях ее развития». В ходе проведенного исследования автором были выявлены две основные причины произошедшего. В качестве одной из них называется отсутствие в России самостоятельного государственно-властного органа, разрабатывающего стратегию развития механизма судебной власти, обеспечивающего ее реализацию. Второй, более значимой причиной автор считает недостаточную научно-правовую проработку самого понятия справедливости в механизме правосудия. ; The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons why the delegates of the IX All-Russian Congress of Judges (December 2016) did not continue the line of development of the domestic justice proclaimed by the Decree of the previous congress (VIII All-Russian Congress of Judges no 1, December 19, 2012 – «On the State of the Judicial System of the Russian Federation and the Main Directions of Its Development»). At that time, the delegates of the congress noted, «the need to develop a state project of strategic reforms of the organizational and legal mechanism of domestic justice, whose ultimate goal would be to build a fair court that meets the aspirations of the Russian society, is becoming an ever more pressing need.» They also named the method for solving this problem. In the course of the study, the author has identified two main reasons for the highest body of the country's judicial community not to continue the line for strategic modernization of the justice mechanism and the development of the state fair trial project. Among such reasons, the author names the absence of a separate, independent state-power body in Russia, which would propose a strategy for the development of the judicial power mechanism to ensure its implementation and to be responsible for the case's success. Such an authority is not, nor can be, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Judicial Department under the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, nor any other state body, or any body of the judicial community. Yet such state-power (and constitutional) bodies can be found worldwide, including the CIS member states. This is a reason of the organizational quality – simply for the absence of such named body, we have no one to act as a commissioner for the development of this state project. The second, a more significant reason, is of scientific and legal properties, which the author considers to be the insufficient scientific and legal research on the very concept of justice in the legal system. Aristotle singled out the problem of assessing judicial activity from the position of justice many years ago, and many scientists have turned to it since then. Yet nowadays judges are not guided by scientifically grounded signs of justice, but by their own intuition. The absence of a state power body personifying the judiciary in the country, as well as the inadequacy of the scientific and legal elaboration of the category of justice in the legal system, served as a basis for delegates of the IX All-Russian Congress of Judges to delicately bypass the decision of the delegates of the previous congress, who had considered it necessary to draft a state project for a fair Court. At the same time, it should be noted that objectively, by and large, the general situation in the mechanism of the domestic justice is clearly not so deplorable as the adherents of the Russia's flawedness argue; this mechanism is much better today than it was just ten years ago. Yet the general attitude of the Russian society to the mechanism of domestic justice is not as positive as it should be. Thus, the task set by the delegates of the VIII All-Russian Congress of Judges remains there. It will not resolve itself but it must be solved. In the opinion of the author, the problem is in the first place of scientific nature, rather than organizational, legislative, etc. Therefore, there is the need for the Program for the development of the State Project «Fair Trial», the draft itself is in its form close to the four-volume edition of the legislative acts, which completed the development of the documents for the Judicial Reform in Russia in 1864. Fundamentally, it is the nature of each of the three components of the justice mechanism – Judicial, arbitral and judicial-statutory – which needs to implement the appropriate clear benchmarks of justice.

On the basis of unpublished historical sources and notes, periodicals of the last third of the XIX century. It draws attention to the incidents that took place in the parish court and contemporaries petitions to reform detached from the general system of estate courts. However, representatives of government agencies, understood the injustice and backwardness of the peasants justice, were not ready for its radical restructuring.

Рассматриваются протестные акты самоубийств, поднимающие вопросы угнетения и влияния коллективных действий на достижение социальной справедливости. Чтобы продемонстрировать взаимосвязь между данными явлениями, анализируется несколько случаев протестных самоубийств (начиная с 1960-х гг.). Рассматривается два вида протестных суицидов: 1) публичный протестный суицид, совершаемый преимущественно в общественных местах и привлекающий внимание к жертве и угнетению, символом которого она является; 2) кумулятивный суицид, т. е. массовые индивидуальные самоубийства по конкретному поводу, вынуждающие общественность реагировать на проявление общего недовольства. Анализируется значимость культурных, социальных, экономических и политических факторов, определяющих предрасположенность к совершению подобного рода актов и формирование реакции общественности на данные действия. Указывается необходимость дальнейшего сравнительного анализа этих сложных взаимосвязей. = The papers focuses on protest suicides that hightlight oppression and influence collective action for social justice and change. A few cases and contexts of protest suicides from the 1960s onwards are used to demonstrate this intersectionality. I address two types of protest suicides: first, the protest public suicide that is predominantly enacted in the public space and draws attention to the suicide victim and the oppression that the suicide victim represents or is alleged to represent. Second, the cumulative suicide where individuals commit suicide privately but because of the sheer cumulative number of those who do so due to a shared grievance, society is obliged to take notice. I examine the cultural, social, economic and political underpinnings of a society in determining the propensity to commit such an act and also in shaping societies reaction. The papers concludes by indicating the need for further comparative research on these complex intersections.

The journal is introducing a new heading: "Politico-economic dialogues". Under it we plan to publish authorised versions of conversations between representatives of the journal and leading Russian and international scholars on topics that relate to fundamental questions of political economy and economic policy. We shall begin with discussions broadcast by the Komsomolskaya Pravda radio station on the program "Your Money", and hosted by this journal's chief editor A.V. Buzgalin. The discussions were conducted with three of our country's leading scholars, G.B. Kleyner, E.B. Lenchuk and D.E. Sorokin, and the topic was one that remains among the most timely in both its theoretical and practical respects. This topic was the role of the state in the economy.

L'article traite du problème du colinguisme dans les dictionnaires de la langue russe publiés en France. Il explore les emprunts en français à partir de l'arabe, ainsi que la maîtrise de la langue française des mots russes dans le domaine de la politique, du mode de vie et de la conquête de l'espace

Рецензируемая книга посвящена изучению широко применяемой во времена Террора в годы Французской революции XVIII века процедуры «объявления вне закона». Её автор – историк права, профессор Университета Монпелье – доказывает, что это решение Конвента было, с одной стороны, попыткой взять под контроль народное насилие, с другой – попыткой покарать как можно больше политических противников, не очерчивая чётко границы их «преступления», а порой и не называя их поимённо (как это было в случае объявления вне закона Вандеи в целом), а с третьей – оно предусматривало относительно чёткие юридические процедуры. ; The book under review deals with the procedure of "declaring outlaw" that was widely used during the Terror of the French Revolution of the 18th century. Its author – the law historian, professor at the University of Montpellier – proves that this decision of the Convention was, on the one hand, an attempt to take control of popular violence, and on the other, an attempt to punish as many political opponents as possible without clearly defining their "crime", and sometimes and without naming them (as was the case when Vendée was declared outlaw in general) but in the same time with relatively clear legal procedures.

International audience ; Rivers, see fronts, bays and estuaries have always been considered the best places for living (for commercial, military or religious reasons). Therefore, most of the main cities in the world are built around waterfronts. Nowadays, cities are reevaluating their relations with water and tend to enhance their waterfronts through urban renewal. Many embankments are created, in particular in the US and UK. A more experimental type of projects, which has been developing for the last 10 years, concerns rehabilitation of small urban rivers. We mean the rivers that disappeared in the XIXth century as they were considered to be dangerous from the hygienic point of view since they could accelerate the spread of diseases, and they could cause floods as well. Lyon is a good example of this evolution. Its small rivers are subject to urban and ecological renewal. The article states that Samara, which is situated at the confluence of the Volga River and the Samara River, can benefit from its geographic assets which can increase the value of the whole city within the scope of the project at a territorial scale.