Suchergebnisse

Razvoj zelenog socijalnog rada odvija se paralelno s ekološkim aktivizmom na globalnoj razini. Socijalni rad u Hrvatskoj u procesu je integriranja ekološkog pristupa u svakodnevne aktivnosti, pružanja usluga korisnicima i zagovaranja prava na zdrav okoliš. Nevladine organizacije građana aktivno sudjeluju u oblikovanju javnih politika na lokalnoj razini i šire, te unose održive promjene u zajednicu. Potreba da se socijalni radnici uključe u rješavanje ekoloških problema i izgradnju održivosti u zajednicama sve je vidljivija na globalnoj i lokalnoj razini. Prirodni svijet koji nas okružuje, primjerice klimatski uvjeti, uvelike određuju kakvi su prirodni resursi kojima raspolažemo. Socijalni radnik ne može zaobići činjenicu da raznolikosti ugrožavaju birokratski pristup koji se do sada koristio pa treba biti dovoljno tolerantan i osjetljiv za raznolikosti. Centraliziranim pristupom resursi se rijetko stavljaju tamo gdje su najviše potrebni što umanjuje sposobnost zajednice da se brine za sebe. Kako bismo se uspješno suočavali s izazovima i neuravnoteženosti u prirodnom okolišu, potrebno je razvijati i postaviti na odgovarajuću razinu otpornost zajednica. ; The development of green social work goes hand in hand with ecological activism on a global scale. Social work in Croatia has not yet integrated the ecological approach to everyday activities, providing services to users or advocating the right to a healthy environment. Non-governmental organizations of citizens actively participate in shaping public policies at local and wider level and contributing to sustainable change in the community. The need to involve social workers in solving environmental problems and building community sustainability is increasingly visible at the global and local level. The natural world around us, for example, climatic conditions largely determines what kind of natural resources we have. A social worker cannot overlook the fact that diversity endangers the bureaucratic approach that has hitherto been used, and should be sufficiently tolerant and sensitive to diversity. With a centralized approach, resources are rarely placed where they are most needed and thus undermine the community's ability to take care of themselves. In order to successfully face challenges and imbalances in the natural environment, community resistance needs to be developed.

Ces derniers temps, ont commencé à renaître des travaux scientifiques qui traitent des contacts balkano-polonais dans le passé. Au cours d'études historiques de diverses sortes, l'attention a été de plus en plus dirigée, entre autres, vers diverses personnalités portant le nom d'Antica-Lastovac. La connaissance des »Anticas«, s'est parallèlement étundue pendant des années et, cella, tant dans le Midi qu'en Pologne; pourtant ces deux courants n'étaient pas reliés et les résultats parallèles n'ot pas été additionnés. D'après les recherches faites jusqu'aujourd'hui, on pourrait constater que, dans l'histoire de ce lignage existaient quelques générations de même descendance qui. l'une après l'autre, s'occupaient surtout de fonderie de cloches ou d'un métier proche et, cela, sur de vastes territoires européens. Dans la première génération peut se ranger Ivelja, appelé Vitković, et, ensuite, Antica Kraković; celui-ci a eu cinq fils dont Frano qui était fondeur de cloches pour la ville de Dubrovnik et ses environs; plus tard, il a travaillé à Bergame, et a laissé trois fils: François, Antoine et Gaudenzio, né en 1600. Tous les trois sont vraisemblablement arrivés en Pologne; le premier d'entre eux, François, y est déjà noté en 1618, il a travaillé pour le roi Sigmond III et les seigneurs polonais, et a joui de la protection d'Andrea Dell'Acqua, qui le considérait comme »instruit, honorable, de bonne rénommée et célèbre«; l'autre, François, en tant que »tormentorum bellicorum fusor«, a reçu en 1624 le droit de citoyenneté de Cracovie; le troisième est soi-disant venu plud tard en Pologne, vers 1622. Dans les recherches de descendants des natifs de Lagustanus (Lastovo) en Pologne, on pourrait sans aucun doute porter attention à l'italien Thomas Antica qui est resté longtemps au service diplomatique du Roi Stanislas Auguste Ponjatowski; Thomas Antica a obtenu en 1708 sa nomination de député et reconnaissance de droits nobiliaires (indygenat). Les oeuvres des gens appelées »Lastovci« en Pologne ne se sont pas conservées. Seul se retrouve un dessin de canon d'artillerie que – comme butin de guerre – a été emporté par les Scandinaves au XVIIe s. et avaint été exécuté par J. F. Thelott, officier de l'artillerie suédoise, dans les premières années du XVIIe s. L'inscription qu'il porte permet d'en authentifier l'auteur, ainsi que l'époque où il a été exécuté: »OPUS FRANCI/SCI LAGUSTINI MDCXXIIII.« Intéressante est, pour les historiens, la toile de fond des événements historiques qui ont permis la migration de natifs de Lastovo en Pologne, de même que leur activité dans ce pays. Il faudrait donc rappeler la situation politique, sociale et militaire d'alors, puis les voies de communication, de même que les personnalités qui ont oeuvré tant dans les Balkans, qu'en Pologne, surtout à la fin du XVIe s. et au début du XVIIe s. c'est-à-dire: Constantin d'Ostravice – janissaire, Nectarius, Serbe, peintre, qui, en 1553 a peint les fresques pour l'église de Supraslo, aux frontières de la Pologne, de la Lithuanie et de la Russie, Thomas Vincentius qui travaillait en 1604 à la construction de l'église de Boleslavac près de Cracovie; Samuel Korestki, magnat polono-ukrainien qui après s'être enfui des prisons turques a habité à Dubrovnik en 1617, intéressé par la culture et les problèmes du poète Gundulić, qui a célébré la victoire des armées polonaises sur les Turcs à Chocim en 1620; il faut aussi rappeler le fait qu'à cette époque Thomas Budislavić et le Jésuite Alexandre Kumulović, de Dubrovnik, étaient en rapports avec les Polonais, et, enfin, le peintre Marcin Teofilowicz qui, parti de Cracovie est arrivé à la ville slovène de Celje après un séjour de longues années à Tridento, et là, en 1623–1624, a exécuté le plafond du vieux Palais Princier. Le problème de la migration et l'activité artisanale des natifs de Lastovo, n'est pas encore complètement éclairci; il demande des recherches et études ultérieures; et cela tant dans les Balkans, sur la péninsule apenniene, que dans la lointaine Pologne.

Visoke i rastuće regionalne ekonomske nejednakosti u Hrvatskoj uz »parcijalnu decentralizaciju« sustava socijalne skrbi rezultirale su porastom socijalnih nejednakosti među hrvatskim građanima. Spomenuti procesi rezultirali su situacijom da se jedno od temeljnih načela socijalne države i socijalne politike kao što je načelo jednakosti sve više narušava. Navedeno ima za posljedicu da razina ostvarenja socijalnih prava građana u Hrvatskoj u sve većoj mjeri ovise o mjestu stanovanja i socioekonomskom statusu. Navedena tvrdnja je središnja hipoteza rada koja je eksplicirana analizom dostupnosti institucionalne skrbi za starije osobe po županijama u Hrvatskoj i lokalnih socijalnih programa izabrane četiri jedinice lokalne samouprave. Provedena analiza pokazala je značajnu razinu međužupanijskih nejednakosti u dostupnosti institucionalne skrbi za starije te isto tako analizom izdvajanja i strukture lokalnih socijalnih programa demonstrirala da je stupanj ostvarenja socijalnih prava građana Hrvatske u značajnoj mjeri neujednačen i ovisan o mjestu stanovanja i socioekonomskom statusu. Uzroci za navedenu situaciju nalaze se u neuspješnim politikama ujednačavanja regionalnog razvoja i parcijalno provedenoj decentralizaciji sustava socijalne skrbi. Zaključno poglavlje donosi određene preporuke za nositelje ekonomske i socijalne politike kojima bi se demonstrirane i rastuće socijalne nejednakosti hrvatskih građana potencijalno ublažile. ; High and increasing regional economic inequality with 'partial decentralization' of social welfare system in Croatia resulted in an increase of social inequality among Croatian citizens. The aforementioned processes resulted in a situation in which one of fundamental principles of social welfare and social policy, such as the principle of equality, is being seriously impaired. The result of that is that the realization of social rights of citizens in Croatia is increasingly dependent on the place of residence and socio-economic status. This claim is a central hypothesis of the paper which was demonstrated by analyzing the availability of institutional care for the elderly by county in Croatia and an analysis of local social programs of four selected units of local self-government. The analysis demonstrated a significant level of inter-county disparities in the availability of institutional care for the elderly and the analysis of local social programs has shown that the degree of realization of social rights of Croatian citizens is largely uneven and dependent on the place of residence and socio-economic status. The causes for that situation had come from the unsuccessful policies of harmonization of regional development and partial decentralization of the social welfare system. The final chapter provides specific recommendations for economic and social policy makers with potential positive effects which would decrease social inequality of Croatian citizens in the future.

The paper examines the role of social protection and social expenditure in the financial and economic crises. Accordingly, the objective of the paper was to analyse the trends in social expenditure developments in EU countries since the beginning of the last economic crisis (2008), examine changes in the composition of social protection spending during and following the crisis, and analyse the effectiveness of social protection schemes during and following the crisis in terms of poverty rate reduction. The paper confirmed that social protection expenditure has increased in almost all EU countries since the beginning of the crisis and that in the crisis most countries rely on redistributive effects of the so-called automatic stabilizers. Social expenditure developments during and following the crisis and the effectiveness of social protection in alleviating consequences of the crisis are related to the features of social protection models (regimes). Countries with larger social sectors are coping with the crisis more successfully. Economic, financial and social crises may induce changes in the social protection system. The crisis is an opportunity for countries with low social expenditure to widen the coverage of social schemes, set up new schemes or increase the level of benefits. As inappropriate crises management models fuel poverty and unemployment, and decrease economic growth, it is important to define the role of social protection/welfare state in a crisis management strategy. Among other things, a solution is to strengthen an approach where social expenditure is seen as social investments which may revitalize the role of social protection in the economic development. ; U radu se propituje uloga socijalne zaštite i socijalnih troškova u financijskim i ekonomskim krizama. Stoga je cilj rada bio istražiti trendove vezane za izdatke socijalne zaštite od početka posljednje ekonomske krize (2008.) u zemljama EU-a, istražiti promjene u strukturi troškova socijalne zaštite u kriznom i postkriznom razdoblju te analizirati učinkovitost programa socijalne zaštite u kriznom i postkriznom razdoblju s aspekta zaštite od siromaštva. Rad potvrđuje da su gotovo sve zemlje EU-a povećale troškove socijalne zaštite od početka krize te da se većina zemalja u krizi oslanja na redistributivne učinke tzv. automatskih stabilizatora. Obrasci kretanja izdataka socijalne zaštite u krizi i postkriznom razdoblju te učinkovitost socijalne zaštite u ublažavanju negativnih učinaka krize povezani su s obilježjima pojedinih modela (režima) socijalne zaštite. Zemlje s većim socijalnim sektorom uspješnije se nose s krizom. Ekonomske, financijske i socijalne krize mogu potaći promjene u socijalnoj zaštiti. Kriza je prigoda da zemlje s nižim troškovima socijalne zaštite prošire obuhvat programa, uvedu nove programe ili povećaju visinu naknada. S obzirom da loše upravljanje krizama samo povećava siromaštvo, nezaposlenost i smanjuje ekonomski rast, važno je definirati ulogu socijalne zaštite/države u okviru strategija upravljanja krizom. Među ostalim, rješenje je u pristupu koji u socijalnim izdacima vidi socijalne investicije koje mogu revitalizirati ulogu socijalne politike u ekonomskom razvoju.

Govoriti o odgoju i obrazovanju znači promatrati ih u kontekstu društva a njihove promjene u kontekstu društvenih promjena. Pod društvenim kontekstom podrazumijevamo obilježja društva kao što su: socijalna struktura društva (sistema), brzina društvenih promjena, raspolaganja društvenom moći, sustav vrijednosti, modernizacija škole, globalni društveni kontekst itd. i njihov utjecaj na obrazovne promjene. Odnos društva i obrazovanja nije politički problem, iako se tako prezentira kao pitanje obrazovnih reformi, nego je u biti sociokulturni problem kao problem razvoja društva. To znači da se ciljevi promjena u obrazovanju definiraju u kontekstu ciljeva društva. Za promjene u obrazovanju važno je utvrditi društvena očekivanja utjecaja obrazovanja na društvo kao i na mlade. U predmodernim društvima glavni cilj odgoja i obrazovanja bio je uklapanje mlade populacije u društvo i prilagođavanje društvu. Dakle, kulturna reprodukcija samoga društva. Kao društva s niskim i sporim stupnjem promjena imala su i niske (skromne) zahtjeve za promjenama (reformiranjem obrazovanja). Moderno društvo, pogotovo ono na današnjem stupnju razvoja, proživljava brze promjene i zahtijeva obrazovanja koje će više ubrzati društvene promjene, poglavito one koje omogućavaju brži razvoj u društvu i društva u cjelini te osposobiti generacije za aktivnu ulogu u društvu. Ako društvo shvaćamo kao stalnu promjenu socijalnih odnosa i struktura, onda su i obrazovne promjene (reforme) permanentno društvena potreba. U prilogu se govori o nekim obilježjima i promjenama društva te utjecaju na obilježja obrazovanja, ali i na kulturne promjene. ; Education may not be analyzed without studying the social context; similarly, educational reform may not be examined without a better understanding of the context of social changes. Social context is defined as a set of social characteristics, such as: key social changes and the speed thereof; value systems within a society; impact of society as a system on education as one of its subsystems. The relationship between society and education is not a political one, even though it is often portrayed as such, especially when the emphasis is placed on the issue of educational reform. It is rather a socio-cultural problem, connected to the issues surrounding social development. Therefore, the goals of educational reform must be defined within the wider context of social goals. In order to conduct changes in education, it is important to define what the society expects from education. In premodern societies, the main goal of upbringing and education was to socialize young people into the wider society. In other words: social reproduction. Being of a low and slow level of change, they had a low-level demand for educational reforms as well. Modern societies, and especially highly developed contemporary ones, undergo fast changes and demand education that will accelerate social changes and enable a more rapid development within certain areas of the society, as well as the society as a whole. If society is understood as a place of constant change in social relations and structures, then educational changes (reforms) ought to be considered a permanent and crucial aspect thereof. We will further discuss several social characteristics and changes, as well as the impact of those changes on both education and culture.