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Découvrez enfin tout ce qu'il faut savoir sur le maccarthysme en moins d'une heure!Le 9 février 1950, Joseph McCarthy annonce lors du Lincoln Day qu'il existe au sein même du Gouvernement américain des communistes qui influenceraient la politique du pays. Si l'on se méfiait déjà du communisme depuis de très longues années, l'information sème un vent de panique tel qu'on n'en a jamais vu. La peur rouge ou Red Scare atteint son apogée. Durant quatre ans, les États-Unis vivent au rythme angoissant des enquêtes, des arrestations et des condamnations qui touchent tous les secteurs, depuis le ciné

RésuméLe dernier ouvrage du sociologue américain Jan Gross est un essai d'interprétation historique des violences antijuives qui ont sévi en Pologne de 1944 à 1947. La publication de ce livre en polonais en 2008 a suscité un important débat tant sur le fond que sur la forme, atteignant l'espace public et même judiciaire. L'article revient d'abord sur les principaux motifs développés par J. Gross – et en particulier sa thèse centrale : la peur des Polonais de devoir rendre des comptes de leur comportement durant la guerre serait le facteur essentiel pour comprendre les crimes commis contre les rescapés juifs. Il expose ensuite les enjeux méthodologiques du débat, portant sur le genre de l'ouvrage mais aussi sur son argumentation, opposant J. Gross aux tenants d'une interprétation mêlant facteurs sociologiques et conjoncturels. Il montre enfin que ces discussions touchent au cœur même de l'identité de la société polonaise, en analysant leurs dérives politico-judiciaires dans lesquelles la droite nationaliste accusa l'auteur d'outrage à la nation.

Feelings of insecurity on an urban context are particularly significant due to presence of terrorist attacks, crime, and violence around the world. Urban violence in Latin America has increased exponentially since the 1990s and has given way to research on how to better understand it and combat it. Solutions at city level become more relevant, as urban violence in the region is not an abstract political subject, but rather a problem that deeply touches and transforms everyday life. Such is the case of the city of Monterrey, Mexico. The war against drugs that began in Mexico in 2006 triggered several violent events in territories disputed by drug cartels. Direct aggression ranging from robberies to homicide turned into matters of everyday life, touching the vulnerable sectors of the regio society first and most. While the common narrative is that the city changed overnight, structural violence such as socio-spatial inequalities had gone unattended for decades, and they were the fertile ground for more direct forms of violence. It was not until this violence touched spaces other than marginalized neighborhoods that it became a crisis. By 2013, some dramatic levels of violence receded and mutated, while other forms of violence have emerged with different actors and levels of intensity. Meanwhile, city dwellers relied on individualistic solutions in the face of ineffective public action. In this context, public space has also been the object of dispute, the scenario of confrontation, the point of observation and analysis, and the laboratory of potential solutions. Public spaces were at first avoided and then transformed through strategies for fortification or aperture. However, in a highly unequal society, not everyone has the same power to make their voices heard, nor to distance themselves from public space or transform it. These spatial solutions, while appealing, have a limited scope and at times may even foster inequality. This unequal capacity to influence public policy and to access secure public spaces, ...

Feelings of insecurity on an urban context are particularly significant due to presence of terrorist attacks, crime, and violence around the world. Urban violence in Latin America has increased exponentially since the 1990s and has given way to research on how to better understand it and combat it. Solutions at city level become more relevant, as urban violence in the region is not an abstract political subject, but rather a problem that deeply touches and transforms everyday life. Such is the case of the city of Monterrey, Mexico. The war against drugs that began in Mexico in 2006 triggered several violent events in territories disputed by drug cartels. Direct aggression ranging from robberies to homicide turned into matters of everyday life, touching the vulnerable sectors of the regio society first and most. While the common narrative is that the city changed overnight, structural violence such as socio-spatial inequalities had gone unattended for decades, and they were the fertile ground for more direct forms of violence. It was not until this violence touched spaces other than marginalized neighborhoods that it became a crisis. By 2013, some dramatic levels of violence receded and mutated, while other forms of violence have emerged with different actors and levels of intensity. Meanwhile, city dwellers relied on individualistic solutions in the face of ineffective public action. In this context, public space has also been the object of dispute, the scenario of confrontation, the point of observation and analysis, and the laboratory of potential solutions. Public spaces were at first avoided and then transformed through strategies for fortification or aperture. However, in a highly unequal society, not everyone has the same power to make their voices heard, nor to distance themselves from public space or transform it. These spatial solutions, while appealing, have a limited scope and at times may even foster inequality. This unequal capacity to influence public policy and to access secure public spaces, ...

Feelings of insecurity on an urban context are particularly significant due to presence of terrorist attacks, crime, and violence around the world. Urban violence in Latin America has increased exponentially since the 1990s and has given way to research on how to better understand it and combat it. Solutions at city level become more relevant, as urban violence in the region is not an abstract political subject, but rather a problem that deeply touches and transforms everyday life. Such is the case of the city of Monterrey, Mexico. The war against drugs that began in Mexico in 2006 triggered several violent events in territories disputed by drug cartels. Direct aggression ranging from robberies to homicide turned into matters of everyday life, touching the vulnerable sectors of the regio society first and most. While the common narrative is that the city changed overnight, structural violence such as socio-spatial inequalities had gone unattended for decades, and they were the fertile ground for more direct forms of violence. It was not until this violence touched spaces other than marginalized neighborhoods that it became a crisis. By 2013, some dramatic levels of violence receded and mutated, while other forms of violence have emerged with different actors and levels of intensity. Meanwhile, city dwellers relied on individualistic solutions in the face of ineffective public action. In this context, public space has also been the object of dispute, the scenario of confrontation, the point of observation and analysis, and the laboratory of potential solutions. Public spaces were at first avoided and then transformed through strategies for fortification or aperture. However, in a highly unequal society, not everyone has the same power to make their voices heard, nor to distance themselves from public space or transform it. These spatial solutions, while appealing, have a limited scope and at times may even foster inequality. This unequal capacity to influence public policy and to access secure public spaces, ...

Feelings of insecurity on an urban context are particularly significant due to presence of terrorist attacks, crime, and violence around the world. Urban violence in Latin America has increased exponentially since the 1990s and has given way to research on how to better understand it and combat it. Solutions at city level become more relevant, as urban violence in the region is not an abstract political subject, but rather a problem that deeply touches and transforms everyday life. Such is the case of the city of Monterrey, Mexico. The war against drugs that began in Mexico in 2006 triggered several violent events in territories disputed by drug cartels. Direct aggression ranging from robberies to homicide turned into matters of everyday life, touching the vulnerable sectors of the regio society first and most. While the common narrative is that the city changed overnight, structural violence such as socio-spatial inequalities had gone unattended for decades, and they were the fertile ground for more direct forms of violence. It was not until this violence touched spaces other than marginalized neighborhoods that it became a crisis. By 2013, some dramatic levels of violence receded and mutated, while other forms of violence have emerged with different actors and levels of intensity. Meanwhile, city dwellers relied on individualistic solutions in the face of ineffective public action. In this context, public space has also been the object of dispute, the scenario of confrontation, the point of observation and analysis, and the laboratory of potential solutions. Public spaces were at first avoided and then transformed through strategies for fortification or aperture. However, in a highly unequal society, not everyone has the same power to make their voices heard, nor to distance themselves from public space or transform it. These spatial solutions, while appealing, have a limited scope and at times may even foster inequality. This unequal capacity to influence public policy and to access secure public spaces, ...

International audience ; ABSTRACT.The French "Grand Débat National" (Great National Debate) was animportant political event in 2019. Using the online proposals collected during thisconsultation, we propose a representation of the feeling of the impact of climate changeamong the contributors to the "Grand Débat National" in Metropolitan France. Weanalyze the causes of this feeling, through a supervised analysis of the contributions(via the Great Annotation) and we show the complementary interest of an unsuper-vised analysis (by extracting keywords). We show the richness of the data set that constitutes the "Grand Débat National", and the analytical stakes around these data.We also point out some important limitations to be taken into account, including therepresentativeness of the dataset. ; RÉSUMÉ.Le Grand Débat National a été un événement politique important de l'année2019. En utilisant les propositions en ligne récoltées lors de cette consultation, nousproposons une représentation du sentiment d'impact du changement climatique parmiles contributeurs du Grand Débat National en France Métropolitaine. Nous analysonsles causes de ce sentiment, grâce à une analyse supervisée des contributions (via laGrande Annotation) et nous montrons l'intérêt complémentaire d'une analyse non-supervisée (par extraction de mots clés). Nous montrons la richesse du jeu de donnéesque constitue le Grand Débat National, et les enjeux analytiques autour de ces don-nées. Nous soulevons également quelques limites importantes à prendre en comptedont la représentativité du jeu de données

International audience ; ABSTRACT.The French "Grand Débat National" (Great National Debate) was animportant political event in 2019. Using the online proposals collected during thisconsultation, we propose a representation of the feeling of the impact of climate changeamong the contributors to the "Grand Débat National" in Metropolitan France. Weanalyze the causes of this feeling, through a supervised analysis of the contributions(via the Great Annotation) and we show the complementary interest of an unsuper-vised analysis (by extracting keywords). We show the richness of the data set that constitutes the "Grand Débat National", and the analytical stakes around these data.We also point out some important limitations to be taken into account, including therepresentativeness of the dataset. ; RÉSUMÉ.Le Grand Débat National a été un événement politique important de l'année2019. En utilisant les propositions en ligne récoltées lors de cette consultation, nousproposons une représentation du sentiment d'impact du changement climatique parmiles contributeurs du Grand Débat National en France Métropolitaine. Nous analysonsles causes de ce sentiment, grâce à une analyse supervisée des contributions (via laGrande Annotation) et nous montrons l'intérêt complémentaire d'une analyse non-supervisée (par extraction de mots clés). Nous montrons la richesse du jeu de donnéesque constitue le Grand Débat National, et les enjeux analytiques autour de ces don-nées. Nous soulevons également quelques limites importantes à prendre en comptedont la représentativité du jeu de données