Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the consideration and analysis of the main problems, concerning the realization of socially vulnerable groups' of the population potential. The problem of women and youth employment development takes on a special acuteness and actualite in the outlying district with a labour redundant labour market.

The problem of quality of the workforce for the innovation economy is an
extremely relevant and depends on the accepted ideology of quality management
training. It is proposed to use the hermeneutic approach to quality management
training, which removes the barriers between fields of knowledge and required level
of quality-oriented person, and all components of the object management combines
effective process.

The article includes a generalized description of the approaches and methods in
state regulation of the processes of attracting foreign labor force, that implemented
by developed countries. The author identifies a number of objective factors causing
the necessity for active government intervention in migration process, examines tasks
and system of functional elements in the process of migration management in
developed countries. The article also reflects special features of Russian national
experience of state regulation of external labor migration in the 1990s and 2000s.

The paper analyzes political decisions in the field of personnel and educational policy as a response of four German administrations, with Angela Merkel as the Federal Chancellor, to challenges of digitalization. Since challenges in the development of labor market induced by demographic and migration factors are similar for Russia and Germany, German experience may be useful for Russia as a large federal state with significant risks of rising social inequality. Challenges in the development of the labor market induced by demographic and migration factors are common for Russia and Germany. The author addresses the key challenge for the German government — the organization of humane working conditions in a new digital reality presented in the White Paper "Work 4.0" after careful examination and consultation with main actors: associations, trade unions, companies, academia and civil society. He sees the solution to the problem in improving qualifications and developing digital skills, as well as ensuring attractive working conditions, in the first place for specialists in engineering, technical and natural science specialties (STEM). The analysis concludes with recommendations for policymakers which include such measures as improving gender equality in STEM professions and selective migration policy that mitigates unnecessary barriers for highly qualified immigrants.

Der Autor analysiert die Arbeit des belorussischen Ministeriums für Leichtindustrie unter den Bedingungen des ökonomischen Experiments. Am ausführlichsten werden dabei die Fragen der Kompetenzen des Ministeriums und der Betriebe behandelt hinsichtlich der Wirtschaftsleitung und Planung der industriellen Produktion. (BIOst-Ldg)

At the present stage of development of the Russian Armed Forces, the service of military chaplains plays an important role in the issues of psychological support of personnel. In author's opinion, military chaplains have a wide range of opportunities for solving problems on the spiritual revival of the Russian army and increasing the morale of military. The article reflects the data of an empirical study conducted in several stages with different groups of clergyman. Relying on the methodological and theoretical ideas about the relations between the subject of activity and his abilities, stated by S. L. Rubinstein's, in particular the statement that specific activity requires specific qualities from the individual, as well as V. D. Shadrikov's assertion that success activity is determined by the systemically interacting system of abilities, the author pursues the goal: to reveal the competencies (professional and personal) abilities of chaplains of the military unit and to justify the need for them to receive a psychologist knowledge. Conducted with the help of the questionnaire and the "Ideal" method developed by E. I. Kuzmina and Z. V. Kuzmina, the study allowed to draw important conclusions for practice: putting high professional requirements to oneself, the chaplains of the military unit have a powerful spiritual and moral potential in solving tasks for the spiritual support of military. However, studies have shown that assistants to commanders for working with religious military lack psychological knowledge in their professional activities. Obviously, a higher level of development of the competencies of the military chaplains can be achieved due to the strengthening of the psychological component in the system of training assistants to commanders of units to work with religious military. As a result, we will receive highly qualified specialists who, at the level of joint professional activity with commanders, assistants to commanders for work with military and psychologists of military units, will raise the ...

Пословицы как форма отражения национальной культуры запечатлевают наиболее важные для народной жизни и сознания носителей языка кванты информации. В них ярко подмечены различные аспекты жизнедеятельности социума, в том числе специфика труда, проявляющаяся в единицах инструментального кода. В центре внимания нашей статьи находятся паремии, содержащие компоненты - названия инструментов и приспособлений, используемых для осуществления различных работ и по-разному осмысляемых (пила, клещи, молоток, шило, скобель, плуг, соха и др.). Наиболее важен в содержании паремий прагматический аспект, касающийся результатов труда, которые зависят от наличия инструментов, их правильного выбора и качества, своевременности их применения, опыта и умения исполнителя, приложения усилий и т. д. Одной из наиболее весомых является идея важности инструмента как гарантирующего наличие пропитания и, следовательно, жизнь (Покуда цеп в руках, потуда и хлеб в зубах). Среди многих орудий труда важное место занимают топор как универсальный инструмент (Топор острее, так и дело спорее; Топор сохе первый пособник), пригодный для многих работ, соха (сошка) - главное орудие земледельца-хлебопашца (Без сохи - не пахарь, без молотка - не кузнец), а также коса (Без косы и сена не накосишь).
Proverbs are forms of reflection of national culture. They capture the most important information quanta for people's life and consciousness of native speakers. They clearly highlight various aspects of social life, including the specifics of labor, which is manifested in the units of the instrumental code. The focus of our attention is on the proverbs containing components - the names of tools and devices used to carry out work and comprehended in various aspects (saw, tongs, hammer, awl, scraper, plow, etc.). The most important aspect in the content of proverbs is the pragmatic aspect related to the results of labor, which depend on the availability of tools, their correct choice and quality, the timeliness of their application, the experience and skill of the performer, the application of efforts, etc. One of the most weighty ideas is the importance of the tool as a guarantee of sustenance and, therefore, life (As long as the flail is in the hands, then the bread is in the teeth). Among the many types of labor tools, an important place is occupied by an ax as a universal tool (Not an ax feeds a man, but July work), and a plow - the main tool of the farmer (Without a plow - not a plowman, without a hammer - not a blacksmith), as well as a scythe (Without a scythe, you can't mow hay).

Introduction. Nowadays, in relation to the marked increase in the proportion of citizens of senior working age in the total Russian population, it is necessary to create the conditions for the development of human and educational potential in order to maintain social activity of senior people for as long as possible and successfully continue their professional activities. The aims of the present research are the following: to understand and promote foreign and Russian practices of education of people of pre-retirement and retirement age; to study readiness of senior citizens for training and further employment. Methodology and research methods. At the theoretical stage of the survey, an analytical review of scientific and regulatory sources was carried out. A questionnaire survey was organised in order to collect empirical data. 418 people (males and females) aged 50 to 72, who have different social statuses, education levels and incomes, took part in the survey. Results and scientific novelty. Comparative theoretical analysis of Russian and foreign solutions to the problems under discussion has shown that in Russia there is a legislative framework for managing the development of educational potential of senior citizens. However, unlike most developed countries, Russia does not have practical experience in the implementation of training of senior citizens. The factors, which have a positive impact on the employment of older generations, are identified: in addition to material interest, they include a high level of qualification, rare skills, and a desire to maintain good health, independence and self-respect. The surveys have demonstrated that many senior people, especially university diploma holders, entrepreneurs and self-employed, quite highly appreciate their professional qualities, abilities, merits and reputation. Senior people would like their experience, wealth of knowledge and skills to be in demand; they believe that they could perform social roles and functions such as a mentor or consultant in the professional sphere, an adviser in the authorities, an independent expert, etc. However, negative stereotypes regarding senior workers in the society - as they tend to have poor health, they are passive, helpless, ineffective, conservative, poorly trained, etc. - become a source of discrimination in the labour market. The interviewees disagreed with the characteristics attributed to them. The greatest objections were judgments that senior people were the brake of innovation (71.6%) and incapable of learning (77.1%). The respondents approved the planned measures to provide them with opportunities for additional education and more than half of respondents demonstrated readiness to receive education in various forms: at universities for people of the third aged, in retraining institutions, in courses of advanced training, etc. At the same time, in Russia, adequate organisational, socio-psychological, pedagogical and other conditions for the education of citizens of this age category have not been created yet. Practical significance. The research findings, the results of surveys and the conclusions drawn could contribute to the justification of new directions of state education policy in order to improve its effectiveness for people of senior generations. © 2020 Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University. All rights reserved. ; Korea Institute of Public Administration, KIPA ; Ural Federal University, UrFU ; Acknowledgements. The authors express their gratitude to the management of the Institute of Public Administration and Entrepreneurship of the Ural Federal University for supporting the grant "Mechanisms of Public Management of Human Capital Development of Senior Citizens", which was performed within the framework of this research. Also, the authors thank the reviewers, whose valuable comments significantly improved the quality of the present article.

In an interview, Marc Saad pushes back against a Diwan article that was critical of the party's political behavior.

The purpose of this article is to identify the ways to develop the innovative potential of Russian export. As a perspective direction for enhancing Russian export sector, segment of services is considered to be the fastest growing and least dependent on the volatility of the global environment element of international trade. The article analyzes the dynamics of Russian exports of services over the past eleven years and concludes on the gradual strengthening of its position In this regard, attention is focused on the export of high - tech and intellectual services - analysis of Russian prospects and opportunities in this area. Also author's recommendations for the improvement of this segment in the long term are given. Special attention is paid to the development of national technology exports. As a result, the article analyzes experience of leading innovation-active countries and presents the author's development model of Russian export sector innovative potential.

The purpose of the study is to study the level of labor productivity as the most important conditions for sustainable economic growth and improving the competitiveness of the national economy Materials and methods. The study used the methods of analysis of composition and structure, the calculation of absolute and relative indicators of dynamics, average values, comparative analysis, graphical method of analysis, as well as the general theoretical method of analysis of Russian and foreign literary sources. The main research methods are cluster, stochastic and dynamic analysis. The study found application methods for collecting primary economic information, including analysis of legislative and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation, official statistical data, public reporting data of domestic enterprises, analysis of other open sources of information, a systematic approach, statistical and comparative analysis methods. The study examined the works of N.A. Alekseeva, G.A. Barysheva, V.Ivanter, A.Idrisova, S.V. Kaymanakova, N.I. Komkova, E.V. Kondratieva, I.T. Korodina, Kositsina, F.P., Kuvalin D., Kulkova V.M., Mamontova V.D., Nekipolova A., Nikulina OV, Oder D.E., Sapir J., Yuhacheva S.P. , Yantovsky A.A. and others. Results. Adhering to the opinion of well-known economists, we will consider economic growth as a system of interaction and reproduction of the elements and factors of economic growth of the national economy. Economic growth is determined by the factors that determine the pace and scale of the long-term increase in gross domestic product, the possibility of increasing the efficiency and quality of growth. The study made it possible to determine that the main factors affecting economic growth are labor productivity, the size of the average wage, and the amount of investment. In turn, labor productivity is also associated with the cost of technological innovation and the index of ingenuity. One of the qualitative characteristics of economic growth is labor productivity, which contributes not only to an increase in production, but also to an increase in the income level of the population due to an increase in the total consumption of goods and services. Conclusion. The implementation of the principle of faster growth of labor productivity over wage growth should take into account the need to ensure equity in income differentiation, which will stimulate the development of the creative potential of labor resources. To increase labor productivity in enterprises, it is necessary to introduce modern methods of process management, the principles of the organization of lean manufacturing. A systematic approach to solving these problems will make it possible in the coming years to improve the competitiveness of enterprises, and in the long term, it will contribute to a systematic increase in labor productivity and ensure decent economic growth. ; Цель исследования – исследование уровня производительности труда как важнейшего условия устойчивого экономического роста и повышения конкурентоспособности национальной экономики Материалы и методы. В исследовании были использованы методы анализа состава и структуры, расчет абсолютных и относительных показателей динамики, средних величин, сравнительный анализ, графический метод анализа, а также общетеоретический метод анализа российских и зарубежных литературных источников. Основными методами исследования являются кластерный, стохастический и динамический анализ. В исследовании нашли применение методы сбора первичной экономической информации, включая анализ законодательных и нормативно-правовых актов РФ, официальных статистических данных, данных публичной отчетности отечественных предприятий, анализ прочих открытых источников информации, системный подход, методы статистического и сравнительного анализа. В проведенном исследовании рассмотрены труды Алексеевой Н.А., Барышевой Г.А., Ивантера В., Идрисова А., Кайманакова С.В., Комкова Н.И., Кондратьевой Е.В., Корогодина И.Т., Косициной, Ф.П., Кувалина Д., Кулькова В.М., Мамонтова В.Д., Некипелова А., Никулиной О.В., Одер Д.Е., Сапир Ж., Юхачева С.П., Янтовского А.А. и других. Результаты. Придерживаясь мнения известных ученых-экономистов, будем рассматривать экономический рост как систему взаимодействия и воспроизводства элементов и факторов экономического роста национальной экономики. Экономический рост предопределяют факторы, определяющие темпы и масштабы долгосрочного увеличения валового внутреннего продукта, возможности повышения эффективности и качества роста. Проведенное исследование позволило определить, что основными факторами влияющими на экономический рост являются производительность труда, размер средней заработной платы и объем инвестиций. В свою очередь производительность труда, также связана с затратами на технологическими инновации и индексом изобретательности. Одной из качественных характеристик экономического роста является производительность труда, которая способствует не только увеличению объема производства, но и повышение уровня доходов населения, обусловленного ростом суммарного потребления товаров и услуг. Заключение. Реализация принципа опережающего роста производительности труда над ростом заработной платы, должна учитывать необходимость обеспечения справедливости в дифференциации доходов, что позволит стимулировать развитие креативного потенциала трудовых ресурсов. Для повышения производительности труда на предприятиях необходимо внедрять современные методы процессного управления, принципы организации бережливого производства. Системный подход к решению названных проблем позволит уже в ближайшие годы повысить конкурентоспособность предприятий, а в долгосрочной перспективе будет способствовать планомерному повышению производительности труда и обеспечивать достойный экономический рост.

As a result of the development of automation and robotization in the economy of developed countries, the need for labor is reduced, which entails a decline in employment. Given the preservation of existing trends, the labor society is transformed into a rent society, with leisure being the main occupation of the majority of its members. In this regard, concerns are voiced about the loss of habitual meaning of life and, as a consequence, the degradation of the individual and society. The author puts forward a thesis that social activity is more natural (that is, biologically conditioned) for a human being than labor. In support of this fact factual evidence is given, which indicates that for most of their history people have practiced an appropriating economy, which allowed for achieving maximum production with minimal labor. Thus, members of pre-agricultural and extra-agricultural communities could devote most of their time to rest, communication and a variety of group rituals. It is possible that in the emerging post-labor society there will be a similar situation, and the close future might turn out to be similar to the distant past.

The aim of this study is the analysis and development of proposals for realizing the potential of the government-commissioned research projects as a tool for goal setting and budget inancing of research and development. The authors analyze the structure of public funding for fundamental and applied research in the forms of government-commissioned projects and Federal programs. The article provides analytical review of these two instruments of budget inancing of scientiic research, including their comparability in terms of size. The article presents an analysis of the managerial capacity of the government-commissioned projects in science and technology, and the ways of their implementation. It is concluded that both in fundamental and in applied science it is possible to expand the use of the government-commissioned projects to improve the eiciency of research. The authors show that improvement of inancing and management tools along with the enhancing of research eiciency are the ways to unleash the potential of the government-commissioned research. The authors discuss the concrete steps to unlock the potential of the government-commissioned research, including expanding the range of entities eligible to bid for government-commissioned research projects, implementation of coordinated interagency and interdisciplinary government-commissioned research projects, introduction of the new operation model for the research infrastructure facilities, improving coordination of ongoing research. Recommendations for amendments to legal acts regulating scientiic-technical sphere are presented. These recommendations will help to realize the potential of government-commissioned research.