Suchergebnisse

In Croatia, the issue of the legal status of the sources of journalists' information as well as the status of journalists who publish sensitive information is increasingly gaining prominence. This is a subject that includes elements of constitutional, media, labor, civil, & penal law. The essay is limited to people as information sources. The sources can be divided into internal & external. The rationale for the sources' confidentiality privilege lies in the fact that journalists serve public goals & their sources can find themselves imperiled. According to the author's classification, the risks of this privilege are faced either by the sources (direct or indirect manipulation, smear campaigns, misapprehensions) or by the journalists ("protecting" a fictional source, subsequent blackmail of the source, misapprehensions). In Croatia, the protection of the information sources is defined in Article 12 of the Law on Public Information. The author outlines the major comparative systems of regulation of this field, the examples of antinomies among different Croatian regulations (the principles for their resolution are also offered) & analyzes the position of certain types of sources in relation to the Croatian law. And finally, the author compares the regulations of the Croatian law with the comparative systems, analyzes the representation of certain forms of responsibility of certain types of subjects & lists the principles he deems most important regarding journalists' work (the necessity of protecting the sources, the responsibility of journalists toward their sources, the different legal status of journalists & their sources, the protection of privacy, the verification of confidentiality, the more dominant interest, the importance of administrative ethics, the familiarity with the regulations, the adequate legal definition of a secret). 30 References. Adapted from the source document.

Autori u radu ističu važnost socijalnih intervencija kao mjera socijalne politike u svladavanju izazova suverenoga društva. Naglasak je dan na mjere poput dječjeg doplatka, naknada za roditeljski dopust, subvencioniranje stambenih kredita mladih obitelji te druge mjere pronatalitetne i obiteljske politike ne samo na državnoj, već i na lokalnoj razini. ; Dieser Beitrag bespricht die Wichtigkeit von sozialen Interventionen als Maßnahmen der Sozialpolitik bei der Bewältigung der Herausforderungen moderner Gesellschaft. Die Maßnahmen wie Kindergeld, Mutterschaftsgeld, Subventionierung von Wohnungskrediten junger Familien und andere Maßnahmen der Geburten- und Familienpolitik nicht nur auf nationaler sondern auch auf lokaler Ebene werden hervorgehoben. ; In this paper the authors give special attention to the measures of social interventions as measures of social policy in line to fight the present challenges of the contemporary society. Special attention is given to the measures of child allowances, parental benefits, state subsidies for residential loans for young families and other measures of pro-natal and family policy not just at the state level but also at local municipality level. ; Nel lavoro gli autori sottolineano l'importanza degli interventi sociali quali misure di politica sociale volte a superare le sfide poste dinnanzi alla società contemporanea. L'accento viene posto su misure quali gli aiuti ai minori, l'indennità per il congedo parentale, le sovvenzioni rivolte alle giovani famiglie per i mutui su immobili, altre misure volte alla natalità, come pure sulle politiche familiari statali e locali.

U povijesnoj osnovi europskih integracija, kao i u fazi pristupanja svake nove članice, leži nada u bolje sutra, u gospodarski napredak države i pojedinca. U radu se istražuje u kojoj je mjeri siromaštvo poticaj migriranju radne snage u potrazi za kvalitetnijom i sigurnijom egzistencijom unutar EU-a. Materijalna dobra osobe, obitelji i države pretpostavka su ostvarenja ljudskih prava. U radu se istražuju podatci Eurostata o stanju u RH nakon petogodišnjeg članstva u EU-u. Budući da su migracije radne snage potaknute materijalnom oskudicom, na razini Europske unije neizbježno dolazi do relociranih obitelji, ali i imovine. Zbog nade u povratak i obiteljskih veza koje se održavaju ovisno o tradiciji i osjećaju pripadnosti nacionalnom identitetu, nesumnjivo dolazi do usporednih bračno-imovinskih ili partnerskih režima. Uredbama EU-a iz 2016. godine uspostavlja se mehanizam pojačane suradnje u imovinskim učincima braka i registriranih partnerstava. Istražuju se uzroci i nastoje se predvidjeti posljedice sve brojnijih transnacionalno relociranih obitelji. ; The history of European integrations, as well as the accession of each new member state, is based on the hope for a better future, the economic progress of the state and the individual. The paper examines the impact of poverty on labor migration. Citizens of the EU member states are in permanent search for a better quality of life and more secure existence within the EU borders. The material goods of a person, family, and state are a prerequisite for the realization of human rights.The paper compares EUROSTAT data after five years of Croatian membership in the EU. Migrations of labour within the EU caused by economic crisis inevitably result in relocated transnational families and their property . The hope of return to the home country and maintenance of family ties, which depends on tradition and sense of national identity inevitably leads to parallel matrimonial or registered partnership property regimes. The 2016 EU Regulations establish a mechanism authorizing ...

Masovne i nekontrolirane migracije, gledajući s pozicije tranzitnih i zemalja odredišta, predstavljaju veliki, često i izuzetno teško savladiv izazov kojeg mnogi akteri promatraju na bitno različite načine, čime se stvara nepotpuna slika o samoj pojavi. Njih danas uzrokuju mješoviti push i pull faktori – od kombinacije ratnih razaranja, etničkih netrpeljivosti, nedostatka javne sigurnosti, klimatskih promjena, neimaštine do traženja svega suprotnog u odnosu na njihovo postojeće stanje i sredinu. Premda države članice Europske unije zbog demografske obnove i nedostatka radne snage trebaju velik broj useljenika, te države, kao ni Unija u cjelini, nemaju spremne učinkovite i provedive strateške planove, razvijene sposobnosti ni kapacitete za prihvat velikog broja migranata, čemu smo bili svjedoci tijekom 2015. i početkom 2016. godine. U ovom radu predmet istraživanja i analize su migracijske politike i odnosi spram migranata od razine Europske unije, preko pojedinih značajnih država članica do zemalja na tzv. Balkanskoj ruti. ; From the position of transit and destination countries, mass and uncontrolled migrations present large and very often insurmountable challenge, which is observed in fundamentally different ways by different actors. Such situation helps creating an incomplete picture of the phenomenon itself. Today, mass migrations are caused by mixed push and pull factors – from the combination of war, ethnic intolerance, the lack of public security, climate change and poverty to those (pull) factors which signify just the opposite to their (migrants') current situation and environment. Although EU member states need large number of immigrants due to demographic and labor shortages, these countries (and the EU) do not possess available, effective and feasible strategic plans, developed skills or the capacity to accommodate a large number of migrants, as we have already witnessed during 2015 and early 2016. The subject of research and analysis in this paper are migration policies and relations towards migrants at the EU level, the level of certain important member states and countries of the so-called Balkan route.

Long-standing gaps of teachers' academic qualifications persist despite changes and developments of educational policies the government has continually been making. The gaps eventually result in a gradual decrease in the quality of vocational school graduates, which has recently caused grave national concern. The decrease is evident in Indonesian vocational students' lack of competitive spirit and skills in the national labor market. In an attempt to find a creative and effective solution to this problem, this paper seeks to explore and describe the educational policies and the implementation of standards by vocational subjects teachers in a developing country and those in a developed county, hoping that it will help vocational school graduates acquire professional qualifications. Using a critical ethnography, in-depth analyses on the professors' commentaries reveal that it is common in most universities in both countries to select vocational teachers by following educational policies in order to establish reliable criteria for qualified teachers in the future. This teacher certification program seems to have positively influenced the welfare of teachers in both countries, but other daring innovations in improving skills and qualifications of teachers are still a great need. ; Dugogodišnji propusti u akademskim kvalifikacijama nastavnika ne nestaju usprkos promjenama i unaprjeđenju obrazovne politike koju vlada stalno izrađuje. Ti propusti u konačnici rezultiraju postupnim smanjenjem kvalitete učenika strukovnih škola, što u posljednje vrijeme izaziva ozbiljnu zabrinutost na nacionalnoj razini. To smanjenje kvalitete manifestira se u činjenici da indonezijski učenici nemaju natjecateljski duh ni vještine na domaćem tržištu rada. S ciljem pronalaska kreativnog i učinkovitog rješenja tog problema, ovaj rad pokušava istražiti i opisati obrazovne politike i provedbu obrazovnih standarda od strukovnih nastavnika u zemlji u razvoju i u razvijenoj zemlji, u nadi da će to pomoći učenicima koji završe strukovne škole u stjecanju stručnih kvalifikacija. Primjenom kritičke etnografije, detaljne analize komentara profesora otkrivaju da je na većini sveučilišta u objema državama uobičajena praksa pri odabiru strukovnih nastavnika ta da se poštuje obrazovna politika kako bi se uspostavili pouzdani kriteriji za kvalificirane nastavnike u budućnosti. Čini se da takav program licenciranja nastavnika ima pozitivan utjecaj na dobrobit nastavnika u objema državama, no još uvijek postoji velika potreba za ostalim smjelim inovacijama bitnima za razvoj vještina i kvalifikacija nastavnika.

Obitelj je oduvijek bila u interakciji s društvenim, gospodarskim, kulturnim i drugim povijesnim tekovinama. U posljednjih 50 godina dolazi do povećanja broja žena na tržištu rada, a dvohraniteljske obitelji postaju normativ u razvijenim zemljama. Ipak, velik broj žena iz takvih obitelji ima poteškoća u usklađivanju poslovnog i obiteljskog života, posebno što se tiče skrbi za djecu, što upućuje na dvostruku ulogu žena u suvremenoj obitelji. Dakle, status žene se u društvu promijenio, no njezina uloga u obitelji, briga o djeci i teret kućanskih poslova ostaju isti kao u prošlosti kad je žena bila vezana za kuću. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati stavove studenata Sveučilišta u Zadru prema dvostrukoj ulozi žena u obitelji u Hrvatskoj, odnosno prema položaju žene na tržištu rada i njezinim obiteljskim obvezama te utvrditi u kojoj mjeri ocjenjuju ponuđene mjere pomoći ženama u usklađivanju poslovnih i obiteljskih obveza te poboljšanja njihovog položaja u društvu efikasnima. U istraživanju je korišten prigodan uzorak od 181 ispitanika, od kojeg 91 čine žene, a 90 muškarci. Studenti općenito pokazuju umjereno egalitaran stav prema ovom problemu, a kao što je i pretpostavljeno, dobivene su razlike u stavovima, u smjeru da žene, kojima je majka stalno zaposlena te ispitanici kojima je majka obrazovanija, s jedne strane, izražavaju egalitarnije stavove od muškaraca, kojima je majka domaćica te niže obrazovana, s druge strane. Razlika se najviše očituje u vidu usklađivanja obiteljske i poslovne uloge žene te utjecaja ženine zaposlenosti na dijete. Također, analizom rezultata dobiven je podatak da ispitanici/e koji pokazuju veću osjetljivost prema pitanju dvostruke uloge žene u obitelji, kao korijen problema vide u zakonu i društvenim vrijednostima, dok rješenje za pomirenje obiteljske i profesionalne uloge žene i poboljšanja njezinog položaja u društvu vide u dosljednom primjenjivanju zakona, obrazovanju te promjeni svijesti o ravnopravnosti spolova. ; Family has always interacted with social, economic, cultural and other historical changes. In the last 50 years women have increasingly been represented in the labor market, and dual-earner families have become the norm in developed countries. Nevertheless, a great number of women from those families experience difficulties in balancing work and family life, which suggests the dual role of women in contemporary families. The status of women in society has changed, but their role in the family, childcare and household responsibilities have remained the same as when they were primarily tied to the house. The aim of this paper was to examine the attitudes of students of the University of Zadar towards the dual role of women in Croatian families, i.e. towards women's market position and family obligations, as well as to determine the extent to which students evaluate the efficiency of the offered measures that could help women with balancing work and family obligations and improve their status in society. The research was conducted on a convenient sample of 181 participants, 91 of which were women, and 90 of which were men. Students generally showed moderately egalitarian attitude towards this issue. However, as it was assumed, the results showed a difference in attitudes according to independent variables, where women, participants from humanities and social sciences, those whose mothers are employed and more educated, on the one hand, showed more egalitarian attitudes than men, participants from technical field of study, those whose mothers are homemakers and less educated, on the other hand. This difference in attitude was most evident in terms of women's balancing between work and family obligations, and the effect of their employment on the child's wellbeing. Moreover, data analysis showed that the participants who express more sensitivity towards the issue of the dual role of women, think that the root of the problem lies in the law and social values, and that a solution for the reconciliation of women's work and family obligations should be consistent gender equality law enforcement, education and the increasing of gender issue awareness.

Considering the System theory the author conceives the Yugoslav enterprise to be an open system. Moreover critically taking into consideration all the various definitions for the purpose of operationalization he defines the environment as a communicative influential domain, integrating in this way the theory of the environment and of the organization. Accepting the phenomenological hypothesis and considering the actual influence as equaling the perceptional one — the influence has been investigated, with a help of some innovations, by means of the graph of control on the top management in 55 industrial organizations. The difference between the external and internal, passive and active influences has been distinguished. Internal influence is the one within and the external is the one outside the relevant enterprise; passive is the one to which the respondent is subjected by other members of the organization and active is the one which is exercised by the respondent on other members of the organization. According to the indexes got in this way the enterprises seem to be influenced by the examined factors of the environment to a larger extant than vice versa. The grouping of the bodies of the environment has shown the dominant status of the bank and the trade organizations in their relation to the industrial enterprises. Still that environment is not very much like the system that was typical of eighteenth century liberal capitalism although it might appear so. Considering the system of the country itself we seem to be speaking of the seemingly liberal environment with the state itself appearing indirectly through the banks. The results seem to be confirmed and even more differentiated by the factor analysis. Regarding the internal influence it should be pointed out that the influence of the top management on the organizational groups in the enterprises is almost equal to the amount of the influence exercised on the top management by the organizational groups. Generally, the internal organizational relationships of influence are more intensive and more balanced. We can assume that the social relations between the organizational groups within the enterprises are more socialized and more integrated than the relations between the enterprises and their environment. Top management in an enterprise has a marginal relation towards the political representatives, a central relation towards the professionals and self-managing bodies and a firm-hierarchical-superordination-and-superordination-relation towards managerial groups. The analysis of the correlations has shown that the active and passive external influences make up a united system of power — if viewed from the standpoint of the top management. That does not mean that the top management are exposed to the system of total control because there is also a united system of influence, which is exercised by the top management on the bodies outside the enterprise. In the same way the uncontrolled power does not appear either in the influence of the top management on the organizational groups within the enterprise. So we claim the existence of only two integrated subsystems of the active and passive influences. The increasing influence of the top management on the environment and the organizational groups leads to the reverse influence, that is, the increasing influence of the environment and organizational groups on the top management, exhibiting thus clearly the logic of the reciprocal influence. The author has found out a considerably different influence of the environment within the work organizations than he expected. He expected the influence of the administrative-political environment to lessen the internal active influence of the top management, and the influence of the business professional environment to increase the internal active and passive influences of the top management, and the influence of the trade organizations to increase the active internal influence of the top management. He has found out that the redistribution of power within the work organizations is not influenced by the administrative political environment, and that the influence of the top management within the enterprise is even diminished by the trade-organizations. Moreover, though in a system of external- -internal power-relations the self-managerial bodies and political organizations are not reduced to being merely marginal factors, the backbone of the whole system of the external-internal power-relations still makes the influence of the top management on the leading organizational groups and the influence of the business organizations on the enterprises. That means that the business circle from other enterprises exercises a considerable influence on the internal status of the top management within individual enterprises, and thus on the interactions between the other managerial groups as well. This circulus vitiosus of power is uncontrolled and spontaneous product of the division of labor at the macro-level of the whole society and also at the micro-level of the work-organizations because it makes possible an intensive reciprocal influence between the external and internal managerial groups. This proves the functional autonomization of the management which will be sustained spontaneously up the time when a functionally adequate, and not only politically adequate redistribution of managerial function will be varied out.

Alimentarna kampilobakterioza najčešće je prijavljivana zoonoza u Europskoj uniji (EU), predstavlja jedan od vodećih javnozdravstvenih problema i uzrokuje ogromne financijske gubitke (EFSA-ECDC, 2015.). Pileće meso jedan je od najvažnijih izvora uzročnika ove bolesti u globalnim okvirima. U radu je opisana kontaminacija brojlerskih jata i pilećeg mesa bakterijama roda Campylobacter u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH). Cilj rada bio je istražiti učestalost kontaminacije pilećih trupova uzorkovanih na liniji klanja nakon faze evisceracije kampilobakterija­ma. Pileći trupovi i jetra (n=84) uzorkovani su jednom mjesečno tijekom godine dana u jednoj od najsuvremenijih klaonica brojlera u BiH. S ciljem izolacije bakterija Campylobacter spp. iz svakog trupa u laboratoriju je uzet uzorak grudne musklulature, bris visceralne šupljine, kao i uzorak jetre (n=252). Onečišćenje kampilobakterijama utvrđeno je u 27,4 % (23/84) pilećih trupova, i to najčešće u pilećim prsima (19,0 %), nešto manje u visceralnoj šupljini (15,5 %), a najmanje u uzorcima pileće jetre (9,5 %). Ukupno, bakterije Campylobacter spp. izolirane su iz 37 uzoraka. Izrazita predominacija ustanovljena je za Campylobacter jejuni (91,9 %), dok je Campylobacter coli bila neznatno zastupljena (8,1 %). Rezultati ovog istraživanja podcrtavaju značaj pilećeg mesa kao potencijalnog izvora alimentarne kampilobakterioze i sugeriraju obveznu mikrobiološku kontrolu onečišćenja pilećeg mesa s bakterijama roda Campylobacter u BiH. ; Food-borne campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported zoonosis in the European Union (EU), which represents one of the leading public health issues and causes enormous financial losses (EFSA-ECDC, 2015.). Chicken meat is one of the most important global sources of the disease. Campylobacter contaminations of broiler flocks and chicken meat in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) have been described. The aim of the study was to research the prevalence of campylobacter contamination of chicken carcasses and liver samples on slaughter line after the evisceration phase. Monthly sampling of chicken carcasses and liver was carried out along a year at one of the most recent broiler slaughterhouses in BiH (n=84). To isolate Campylobacter spp., from each carcass a deep sample of pectoral muscle, visceral cavity swab and liver (n=252) were taken. Campylobacter spp. contamination was detected in 27.4 % (23/84) of chicken carcasses. Out of the 252 analyzed samples, the most prevalent campylobacter contamination was observed in chicken breasts (19.0 %), less in visceral cavity (15.5 %), and the least in chicken liver (9.5 %). In total, Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 37 samples. C. jejuni was predominant (91.9 %), while C. coli was slightly represented (8.1 %). Results of the study underline the importance of chicken meat as a potential source of food-borne campylobacteriosis and suggest compulsory microbiological control of campylobacter contamination of chicken meat in BiH. ; Lebensmittelbedingte Infektionen durch Campylobacter sind die am häufigsten gemeldeten Zoonosen in der Europäischen Union (EU); sie zählen zu den führenden Problemen der öffentlichen Gesundheit und verursachen erhebliche finanzielle Verluste (EFSA-ECDC, 2015). Weltweit zählt Ge­flügelfleisch zu den wichtigsten Quellen dieser Krankheitserreger. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Kontamination von Masthähnchen und Hähnchenfle­isch mit Campylobacter in Bosnien und Herzegowina beschreiben. Ziel der Studie war es, die Prävalenz der Kontamination der Hähnchenrümpfe, die auf dem Schlachtband nach der Ausweidung stichprobenartig untersucht wurden, mit Campylobacter festzustellen. In einem der modern­sten Schlachthöfe in Bosnien und Herzegowina wurden ein Jahr monatliche Proben der Hähnchenrümpfe und Leber untersucht (n=84). Um die Campylobacter spp. zu isolieren, wurden aus jedem Rumpf Proben des Brustmuskels, ein Abstrich des viszeralen Hohlraums sowie eine Leberprobe (n=252) für das Labor entnommen. Die Kontamination mit Campylobacter spp. wurde bei 27,4 % (23/84) der Hähnchenrümpfe festgestellt. Unter den insgesamt 252 untersuchten Proben wurde die größte Prävalenz der Kontamination mit Campylobacter in der Hähnchenbrust (19,0 %) fe­stgestellt, gefolgt vom viszeralen Hohlraum (15,5 %); der niedrigste Anteil wurde in der Hähnchenleber (9,5 %) festgestellt. Insgesamt wurden die Campylobacter spp. in 37 Proben isoliert. Eine ausgeprägte Prädominanz wurde bei C. jejuni (91,9 %) festgestellt, währen die C. coli nur geringfügig vertreten war (8,1 %). Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung unterstreichen die Relevanz von Hähnchenfleisch als potentielle Quelle der lebensmittel­bedingten Infektionen mit Campylobacter und deuten auf eine unerlässliche mikrobiologische Kontrolle der Kontamination von Geflügelfleisch in Bosnien und Herzegowina durch Campylobacter hin. ; La campilobatteriosi alimentare è la zoonosi più frequentemente riscontrata nell'Unione europea (UE). Essa rappresenta uno dei problemi di salute pubbli­ca più importanti e causa enormi perdite finanziarie (EFSA-ECDC, 2015). La carne di pollo è una delle fonti principali di questa infezione a livello globale. Nello studio è descritta la contaminazione da Campylobacter spp. delle batterie di polli da carne (i c.d. brojler) nella Bosnia ed Erzegovina (BiH). Lo studio aveva come scopo quello di accertare la prevalenza della contaminazione da Campylobacter spp. nelle carcasse di pollo campionate sulla linea di mace­llazione dopo la fase dell'eviscerazione. La campionatura mensile delle carcasse e dei fegati del pollo è stata compiuta durante l'arco di un anno in uno dei più moderni stabilimenti di macellazione di polli da carne della BiH (n=84). Al fine di isolare il Campylobacter spp., in laboratorio s'è provveduto a prelevare un campione della muscolatura del petto per ogni carcassa campionata, oltre a sottoporre le carcasse allo striscio della cavità viscerale ed al prelievo di un campione del fegato (n=252). La contaminazione da Campylobacter spp. è stata accertata nel 27,4 % (23/84) delle carcasse di pollo analizzate. Su un totale di 252 campioni analizzati, la massima contaminazione da Campylobacter spp. è stata riscontrata nel petto del pollo (19,0 %), un po' inferiore nella cavità viscerale (15,5 %) e minima nei campioni di fegato di pollo (9,5 %). In totale, il Campylobacter spp. è stato isolato in 37 campioni. Nei campioni contaminati è stata riscontrata la schiacciante predominanza del C. jejuni (91,9 %), mentre la presenza C. coli è stata ritenuta trascurabile (8,1 %). I risultati di questa ricerca sottolineano l'importanza della carne di pollo quale potenziale fonte della campilobatteriosi alimentare e suggeriscono la necessità di un controllo microbiologico obbligatorio per accertare la contaminazione da Campylobacter spp. della carne di pollo in BiH. ; La campilobacteriosis alimentaria es la zoonosis más común en la Union Europea (UE) y representa uno de los problemas principales de salud que causa grandes pérdidas financiales (EFSA-ECDC, 2015). La carne de pollo es uno de los causantes principales de esta enfermedad a nivel mundial. En este trabajo fue descrita la contaminación de los rebaños de los broiler y del pollo por el Campylobacter en Bosnia y Herzegovina. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de la contaminación de los abdómenes de pollo por el Campylobacter en la línea de matanza después de la fase de evisceración. Durante un año, mensualmente fueron tomadas las muestras de los abdómenes de pollo y del hígado en uno de los mataderos más modernos en Bosnia y Herzegovina (n=84). Con el fin de aislar el Campylobacter spp. de cada abdomen fueron tomadas las muestras de la musculatura pectoral, el frotis de la cavidad visceral y la muestra del hígado (n=252) en laboratorio. La contaminación por el Campylobacter spp. fue encontrada en 27,4 % (23/84) de los abdómenes de pollo. Entre 252 muestras analizadas, la prevalencia mayor de la contaminación por el Campylobacter spp. fue encontrada en la pechuga de pollo (19,0 %), menor en la cavidad visceral (15,5 %) y la menor en las muestras de hígado (9,5 %). El Campylobacter spp. fue aislado de 37 muestras en total. Prevale­ció el C. jejuni (91,9 %), mientras el C. coli casi no estaba presente (8,1 %). Los resultados de esta investigación muestran la importancia del pollo como una fuente potencial de campilobacteriosis alimentaria y sugieren el control microbiológico obligatorio de la contaminación por el Campylobacter del pollo en Bosnia y Herzegovina.