Suchergebnisse

Segmentation of the migrant work force in Japan is determined largely by institutional factors put in place by the 1990 Immigration Law Reform. In contrast to conventional discussions which compare migrant workers with native workers, this discussion focuses on the segmentation of the labor market among migrant workers themselves. These workers form an ethnically diverse mass in the Japanese labor market today. They are diverse not only in the time of arrival and other characteristics but also in terms of treatment under Japan's immigration control practice. This discussion describes the nature of labor market segmentation among migrant workers and examines the reasons for differentiated working conditions.

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13 p. ; This communication analyses the role that the main social actors, employers, trade unions and the French government play in labour market regulations, especially in working conditions, for feminine low wage workers. Labor market segmentation and the dual market theory (Doeringer and Piore, 1971), with on one hand qualified workers employed in attractive and stable positions, and on the other hand manpower in low-paid and insecure jobs, often in back-breaking working conditions, are not new. However, they have recently reappeared in the situation of housekeepers in the French hotel industry, where there are particularly few chances of career ladders, and on the contrary, there are major risks for being excluded from the labor market.

13 p. ; This communication analyses the role that the main social actors, employers, trade unions and the French government play in labour market regulations, especially in working conditions, for feminine low wage workers. Labor market segmentation and the dual market theory (Doeringer and Piore, 1971), with on one hand qualified workers employed in attractive and stable positions, and on the other hand manpower in low-paid and insecure jobs, often in back-breaking working conditions, are not new. However, they have recently reappeared in the situation of housekeepers in the French hotel industry, where there are particularly few chances of career ladders, and on the contrary, there are major risks for being excluded from the labor market.

We formalize and examine two overlapping models that show how rising inequality combined with ethnic and racial heterogeneity can explain why many advanced industrial countries have experienced a drop in support for redistribution as inequality has risen. One model, based on altruism and homophily, focuses on the effect of increasing "social distance" between the poor and the middle class, especially when minorities are increasingly overrepresented among the very poor. The other, based on self‐interest, combines an "insurance" model of preferences for redistribution with increasingly segmented labor markets, in which immigration of workers without recognized skills leaves most native workers better off but intensifies competition for low‐end jobs. Empirically, when we estimate parameters from the two models using data from multiple waves of ISSP surveys, we find that labor market segmentation, previously omitted in this literature, has more consistent effects than social distance.