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THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES IN DETAIL THE PROCESSES BY WHICH THE LABOUR PARTY SELECTS ITS LEADERSHIP AND INCLUDES A BRIEF SUMMARY OF LABOUR LEADERSHIP HISTORY. A CAREFULLY CONSIDERED LIST OF CRITERIA FOR A GOOD AND USEFUL SELECTION PROCEDURE IS PRESENTED AND THE AUTHOR STATES THAT LABOUR'S PRESENT PROCEDURES SCORE WELL ON SOME OF THESE CRITERIA AND LESS WELL ON OTHERS. LITTLE ROOM FOR CHANGE IS FORESEEN.

Did the expansion of Europe create large numbers of unfree labourers in Africa, Asia and the New World or was the use of unfree labour in a colonial setting nothing else but an adaptation to the labour traditions of the non-European world? It is fascinating to see how unique free labour actually was in the early modern world. Historically speaking, free labour was usually the exception and unfree labour the rule, especially when we consider non-European controlled labour systems.

The past is integral to Labour Party politics, serving as a constant reference point in articulating a politics for the present and in responding to defeats. In Wales, however, 100 years of electoral dominance means that Welsh Labour has not had to respond to defeat in the same way. This article therefore analyses how Welsh Labour utilises the past when constructing its brand, articulating its ideology and challenging opponents. To do this, it analyses Welsh Labour politicians' references to Aneurin Bevan, a significant figure in Labour history. The analysis argues that while Welsh Labour's engagement with the past has helped it to maintain electoral dominance, the references do not engage critically with the party's traditions, risk ideological inertia and signal potential dangers for the dominant party in a one-party dominant system.

This paper is directed towards making a comparison between the Industrial Conciliation Act (ICA) of 1924 and the current Affirmative Action (AA) in South Africa (SA), in order trace their respective impact to industrial relations in SA. First and foremost, it is necessary to give an overview of Industrial relations within the period of 1924 to 1948, and to identify three events that took place within that period and give a discussion of the events. Furthermore, the impact of those events on the labour legislation at that time, and its effect on the labour relationship will be analysed. Additionally, the different approaches used during these periods towards the labour relationship will be reviewed. Finally, an analysis will be made between Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924 and the current South African Affirmative Action.