Suchergebnisse

The article is dedicated to the memory of an outstanding employee of higher education - Doctor of Laws, Professor Oleg Igorevich Krassov, who made an invaluable contribution to the development and upholding of the independent nature of the branch of land law and legislation. O.I. Krassov substantiated the independence of land law especially through the analysis and development of the concepts of "legal regime" of lands, land plots and other objects, as well as through the concept of "land plot". Referring to the works of O.I. Krassov, in the current article his point of view is provided on the content of these concepts, determined by the norms of land, water, forestry, urban planning, natural resources (ecological), mining, and civil legislation. Oleg Igorevich is the founder of the studies of comparative land law. He has prepared monographs on land rights in Europe, common law countries, the Middle East, Africa and Asia. Taking this into account, and as an additional substantiation to his opinion on the independent nature of the branch of land law and legislation, O.I. Krassov referred to world's experience in the development of land law and rights to land and land plots in different countries. As a result, he advocated a unified legal regime for land plots. In his opinion, the legal regime of land plots is established not so much and not only by the norms of civil law and legislation, but by special rules established in land law, the Land Code, and land legislation.

The subject of the study presented in this article is the economic relations arising due to the progress of the urbanization that leads to changes in agricultural production. For a long time in Russia a reduction of agricultural land, arable land and crops takes place. One reason for this is the global progress of urbanization. Changes in agricultural land use occur across the country however this process is uneven in different regions. Among all regions Moscow and Moscow region significantly stand out. The study showed that in the more urbanized regions of the country reduction of the agricultural land and changes in agricultural land use are greater than in less urbanized ones.

The article examines the understanding of feudal land ownership as a fundamental institution of a feudal society. Drawing on the results of medieval studies in Russia we indicate the specific features of feudal property necessary for the retention by students. On this basis we provide the general definition of the bourgeois agrarian revolution and identify its different types. Finally, we consider the presence of classical signs of feudal property relations in agrarian Russia till 1861.

The article provides a multicriterial assessment of urban vacant lands in the city of Astrakhan. Urban vacant lands are defined as undeveloped and unused sites, not attributed to green zones in the city plan. The purpose of the assessment is to recognize the most valuable vacant sites. Their conservation and rehabilitation could enhance the quality and attractiveness of urban environment, while less valuable sites could be recommended for urban development. The work evaluates four landscape functions that correspond to the main problems of the city: 1) runoff regulation function is assessed by the means of morphometric analysis of flow channels and field data on erosion and water logging; 2) climate regulation function is assessed using InVEST urban cooling model; 3) recreational function is evaluated by field and remote sensing data about the current state of vegetation on the vacant sites and by the demand of recreational zones estimated by walking time to the nearest park; 4) air pollution mitigation function is evaluated by the rate of environment child diseases and the density of green spaces in the city districts. Integral assessment of vacant sites helps to provide recommendations on their preferable use. Landscape and ecological potential of vacant lands varies significantly between different parts of the city. Vacant sites of the northeastern outskirts of the city, located within the lower part of the Volga delta, received the highest values, while the small sites in the city center and the industrial zone in the eastern outskirts received the lowest values. As a result, 2570 ha of vacant lands were recommended for greening and rehabilitation, and 327,9 ha for construction.

High computer-intensity and complexity of the mechanisms for recalculating the coefficients of pricing factors affect the process of calculating the cadastral value. To solve these problems, the study substantiates the use of polygonal metric grid method to determine the values of pricing factors of the cadastral value of land plots using St. Petersburg as an example. In local modeling, the algorithm implementing the polygonal metric grid method showed a decrease in the number of operations by 49,999% compared to the approach applied for 2018 state cadastral valuation in St. Petersburg. Calculations showed that the storage of a polygonal metric grid requires 16 GB less than that of all auxiliary information (attributes and spatial reflection of the zone of influence of each factor) required for modeling. Thus, the technological effect of the introduction of a polygonal metric grid method into the process of cadastral valuation of real estate makes it possible to make efficient use of computing power, as well as to reduce the time for recalculating the values of pricing factors if some new objects of valuation emerge.

В статье анализируется мнение россиян о влиянии этничности на возможность занять высокий пост в органах власти. Делается вывод, что установки об этнической обусловленности доступа к власти имеют широкое распространение и присутствуют в представлениях россиян независимо от региона проживания.

The research is devoted to the analysis of the landownership system of palace in Kazan district in the second half of the 16th century. The author dwells upon the features of palace village such as the granary or the Orthodox church. The church was mandatory attribute for villages with the local population professing the Orthodox religion. The next passage covers the information on the legal status of the land of the palace in the legislation and the cadasters. Further we can learn the ways of forming land of the palace in the district. The composition of the lands of palace was not permanent. Firstly, the formation of the fund land of the palace administration occurred as a result of seizures of other forms of ownership with the change of their status. Secondly, the peasant land was transferred to the category of palace. Land of the palace administration was actively transferred into the possession of the temporal and monasteries landowners. The next part contains the data on documentation of land ownership in the cadasters. The author reconstructs the composition of palace settlements in the 1560s and reviews the domains at the end of the 16th - early 17th century. In the end, overview of this type of land tenure shows an important role in the integration of multinational region in Moscow State and the economic development of the region. (author's abstract)

Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме формирования сословно-поземельной политики царского правительства после окончания Кавказской войны. В работе проводится сравнительный анализ поземельных отношений в регионе до начала Кавказской войны и после окончания боевых действий. В ней рассматриваются особенности феодальных отношений Дагестана, причины консервации зависимых отношений крестьян к ханско-бекскому сословию в условиях крестьянской реформы в Российской империи. В качестве теоретико-методологической базы исследования мы руководствовались основными принципами исторического исследования: принципы историзма, критичности и объективности. Использование историко-ситуационного метода позволило детально рассмотреть социальную картину дагестанского общества в контексте развития феодальных отношений в регионе.

The article deals with The Land of Cokaygne, the poem of the 14th
century recorded in Middle English in a manuscript associated with Ireland. The
poem is a description of an unprecedented land, which is the embodiment of the
earthly Paradise, and therefore one of the goals of studying its image was to establish
the symbolic meanings of its details. Th e mention of the four rivers of the land of
Cokaygne, the precious gems that are the bed for the mouth of the four healing
streams, the roses and lilies that adorn the meadow of the abbey described in detail,
etc., according to the author of the article, turned out to be associated with biblical
images and medieval religious beliefs, therefore, the depicted earthly Paradise seems
to be a projection of both the heavenly Jerusalem and the Garden of Eden. Th is religious connotation separates the English version of the Cokaigne legend from foreign-language versions created solely for the entertainment of the social lower
classes, and not addressed to "men of wisdom". The author of the article touches
upon the fragment of the English poem which depicts the heavenly games of the
monks, and their fantastic fl ight over the abbey, the center of this land. The author
sees the origins of the anonymous poet's fantasy in his acquaintance with the English tradition of depicting celestial flights and with the Irish tradition of mentioning
'evidence' of boats floating in the sky. The article argues that the poet embodied this
fantasy, because the forms of the verbs 'fly' and 'flee', that originated in the Old
English and developed in some dialects of Middle English, were indistinguishable.