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Susjedstvo hrvatskoga s drugim jezicima na hrvatskom tlu ; Adjacency of the Croatian Language to Other Languages on Croatian Territory
The paper describes the permeation of the Croatian language with adjacent languages that were frequently used as languages of political domination or great prestige. The author speaks about the language power of the Croatian South and the Croatian North. In Europe, more precisely in West and Central Europe, there is hardly any other nation on whose territory so many languages were spoken as it is the case with Croatia, especially in its South. However, this fact did not prevent the Croats to become one united nation in the 19th century. The only language with which Croatian was in actual conflict was Hungarian
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Jezik, ideologija i politika ; Language, ideology and politics
U prvoj polovini 19- stoljeća dolazi do povijesnih i političkih previranja u Europi: pojava panslavizma, revolucija 1948., koja je trebala rušenjem Austrougarske Monarhije uspostaviti temelje demokraciji (u kojoj se hrvatski ban Jelačić stavio na stranu Beča), te intenzivan interes kulturne Europe za zaostali srpski narod pod turskom vlašću. I pored kontroverzne uloge J. Kopitara i Vuka Karadžića, Hrvati prihvaćaju Književni dogovor 1850. g. sa Srbima, koji već u ono vrijeme, očevidno uz pomoć politike i lingvistike, osporavaju Hrvatima identitet. ; In the first half of the 19th century Europe saw some historical and political changes like Pan-Slavism and the Revolution of 1848, which was to build up democratic fundaments through the abolition of the Austro Hungarian Empire (with the Croartian Banus Jelačić on the Viennese side). Europe's cultural interest in Serbia increased. The Serbs were under Turkish dominance and thus restricted in their development. In 1850, despite controversial roles of J. Kopitar and Vuk Karadžić, the Croats agreed to a literary arrangement with the Serbs, who had already at that time obviously disputed the Croatian identity by means of politics and linguistics.
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Nova država – nova jezična politika ; A New State – a New Language Policy
Jezik je najvažnija ljudska djelatnost koja omogućuje funkcioniranje društva na svim njegovim razinama. Od iznimne je važnosti njegovo komunikacijsko svojstvo pomoću kojega se pripadnici istoga govornoga područja sporazumijevaju i tako izgrađuju novu jezičnu stvarnost. Kao što se sve pojave u političkoj zajednici nastoje urediti i normirati, tako je i s jezikom. I jezik je potrebno normirati i unificirati. Tu je zadaću oduvijek imala država, odnosno vladajuće elite kojima je bilo u cilju organizirati vlast na određenom teritoriju, a jezik se pokazao kao jednim od elemenata kojim se postiže snažna homogenizacija naroda, i to kroz osjećaj pripadnosti, odnosno identifikaciju s jezikom. Ozbiljniji procesi jezičnoga planiranja i jezične politike javljaju se tek u 19. stoljeću s pojavom nacionalnih država. U suvremeno doba tu ulogu preuzimaju javni mediji, a jedan od njih je i dnevni tisak koji utječe na oblikovanje javnoga jezika. U radu se analizira leksik dnevnih novina da bi se uočile i zabilježile određene promjene koje je hrvatski jezik doživio u razdoblju od petnaest godina od uspostave hrvatske države 1991. ; Language is the most important human achievement, enabling functio¬ning of society at its many levels. It enables communication between in¬dividuals from the same language group and builds their linguistic reality. Like all other properties of political societies, language has to be regulated and normed. This was always the realm of states or leading elites that tried to organize governments at certain territories. Language was often used to achieve a strong national homogeneity through feeling of belonging, or iden¬tification with the language. More organized processes of language planning and language politics appear with the establishment of nation states in the 19th century. In modern times the role of the state was taken over by public media, including daily newspapers that influence the formation of public language. In this paper we analyze the lexical forms of daily papers in order to notice and register certain changes that Croatian language experienced in the period of 15 years since the formation of the modern Croatian state in 1991.
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Nastava hrvatskoga jezika u Italiji ; Teaching the Croatian Language in Italy
This paper deals with various issues concerning the establishment and inauguration of the first Croatian supplementary school in Italy, the shaping of the curriculum and the forming of heterogeneous learning groups. The paper also deals with the political aspect of the new institution. This school, located in Rome, has remained active to this day, with a curriculum that differs from the one in use in the Molise region, the home of the officially recognized Croatian national minority. The methodology is based on the analysis of the statistical data issued by the Italian Ministry of Education, of the legal regulations in effect at the time when the school was established, as well as today, and on the analysis of the pedagogical and linguistic theories by Bruner, Such, Widdicombe, Ivir-Ashsworth, Jelaska and Cvikić. The paper aims to show the modern and, indeed, progressive qualities of educational and cultural procedures in Croatian supplementary school in Rome, based on the principles set by the above mentioned authors. The task accomplished by the school is set in the context of creating/enforcing the national identity based on the cultural, historical, psychological and sociological principles, expounded by the monk Martinac, and by Fromm, Smith, Supek and Anholt. The establishing, organizing and functioning of the school is also analysed in consideration of the legal framework in the period from 1998 to 2015, as well as regarding the aspect of cultural diversity and cultural integration.
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World Affairs Online
Deklaracija o nazivu i položaju hrvatskoga jezika i Deset teza o hrvatskom jeziku D. Brozovića ; Declaration on the name and status of the Croatian literary language and Ten theses on the Croatian standard language by D. Brozovic
Izravan otpor Novosadskomu dogovoru vođen promišljeno, zasnovano, političko-strategijski odmjereno, ali odlučno, otpočeo je Deklaracijom o nazivu i položaju hrvatskog književnog jezika iz 1967. godine. Bez obzira na osude, kazne, zabrane i progonstva glavnih inicijatora i drugih aktivnih sudionika – organizatora i simpatizera, ustanova, potpisnika i pisaca Deklaracije – a potom i boljševički nametnutu šutnju o tome časnom činu, neprekidno je i upravo proporcionalno bujao osjećaj domoljublja, rasle su svijest i odgovornost o zaštiti hrvatskoga jezika u cijelome hrvatskom nacionalnom biću s nezaustavljivom nakanom da mu se popravi i ustavno-pravni status kao i stvarni položaj u društvu jer je u tome jeziku odredište njegova identiteta, uporište osobnih i zajedničkih prava i jamstvo uljuđenosti, samostalnosti i slobode. Uz Deklaraciju kao prekretnicu na putu hrvatskoga jezika stoje i spomenute Brozovićeve Teze o hrvatskome jeziku u kojima argumentirano i uvjerljivo obrazlaže neslaganje s Novosadskim dogovorom naglašavajući samostalnost i vitalnost hrvatskoga jezika koji se razvijao stoljećima "na vlastiti način" i u "skladu s jezičnom praksom i ustaljenom hrvatskom tradicijom" ; Declaration on the name and status of the Croatian Language from 1967 was the initiator of direct opposition to Novi Sad Agreement which was lead deliberately, with political and strategic measure, but at the same time decisively. Regardless of condemnations, punishments, prohibitions and prosecutions of the main initiators and other active participants – organizers and sympathizers, institutions, signatories and writers of the Declaration – and repressively imposed silence about that noble act, the patriotism feeling has been growing constantly and proportionally. Responsibility of the entire Croatian national creature for protection of the Croatian language has also been increased with the intention to improve both its constitutional-legal status and real position in the society because the language is the center of its identity, stronghold of personal and common rights and guarantee of civility, independence and freedom. Besides the Declaration as the turning point on the way of the Croatian language there are also Ten theses on the Croatian standard language in which Brozovic argumentatively and convincingly explains his disagreement with Novi Sad Agreement emphasizing independence and vitality of the Croatian language that has been developed for centuries "in its own way" and "in the accordance to language practice and consistent Croatian tradition".
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Standardizacija hrvatskog jezika i stvaranje nacionaliziranih političkih subjekata kroz jezik? Pogled iz očišta društvenih i humanističkih znanosti ; Croatian Language Standardization and the Production of Nationalized Political Subjects through Language? Perspectives from the Social Sciences and Hu...
Ovaj se rad bavi jezičnom politikom i društvenim promjenama koje su se dogodile u Hrvatskoj za vrijeme i nakon rata koji je trajao od 1991. do 1995. godine. Počinjem opisom povijesne pozadine, rata i devedesetih godina 20. stoljeća, koje je obilježila velika količina jezičnog purizma i preskriptivizma u Hrvatskoj te stvaranje postjugoslavenskih država u kojima je pripadanje naciji predstavljalo ključ za definiranje državljanstva. Istraživanjem odnosa između promjena u jezičnom i društvenom poretku, problematiziram više tema. Tvrdim da je zakonski okvir prava manjinskog jezika osnažio i legitimizirao nacionalistički imaginarij, stvarajući daljnje društvene podjele i učvršćujući hijerarhije koje među nacionalnim kategorijama promoviraju određeni nacionalisti. Iz tog razloga, tvrdim da nekritičko odobravanje ili promoviranje lingvističke različitosti mogu biti opasni. Nadalje, u aktivističko-antropološkom smislu, razlažem moguće razloge zbog kojih su znanstvenici društvenih i humanističkih znanosti rijetko sudjelovali u sociolingvističkim raspravama koje se tiču novog hrvatskog standardnog jezika. Tvrdim da bi takvim raspravama u znatnoj mjeri doprinijelo sudjelovanje znanstvenika humanističkih i društvenih znanosti, jer bi se stvorila veza između sociolingvistike i ostalih grana humanističkih i društvenih znanosti te bi se tako odmaknuli od, prema mojem sudu problematične, politike usredotočene na "identitet". ; This paper focuses on language policy and social changes which have taken place in Croatia during and since the 1991-5 war. I first describe the historical background, the war and the nineties being marked by excesses of linguistic purism and prescriptivism, alongside the formation of post-Yugoslav states in which national belonging was key to defining citizenship. Through examining the relationship between changing linguistic and social orders, I raise a number of issues for discussion. I argue that the legal framework of minority language rights has consolidated and legitimated a nationalist imaginary, increasing social divisions and reinforcing hierarchies asserted by some nationalists between national categories. For this reason, I suggest that the uncritical endorsement of or promotion of linguistic diversity can be dangerous. Second, in an activist-anthropological vein, I discuss possible reasons why academics trained in the social sciences and humanities have rarely participated in sociolinguistic debates concerning the new Croatian standard. I suggest such discussions could greatly benefit from interventions by social scientists, so as to bring sociolinguistics into contact with other strands of the social sciences and humanities and move away from what I believe to be a problematic policy focus on "identity".
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Mastering Croatian Standard Language in a Plurilingual School Environment ; Povezanost ovladavanja hrvatskim standardnim jezikom i plurilingvalnoga školskog okruženja
Multilingualism and multiculturalism are core factors underlying the language policy of the European Union. Even bilingual communication is considered as multilingualism since it contributes to the creation of a multilingual society. Hence, European speakers are expected to use at least two parallel language codes (mother tongue and one foreign language). However, most European educational documents (CEFRL, 2005) emphasize the triple multilingual formula according to which, in addition to the mother tongue, the knowledge of at least two other languages is recommended. Scientific research (Pavličević-Franić, 2011), confirms the fact that vertical correlation between two language codes within the same mother tongue most commonly occurs in Croatian primary school practice. Nevertheless, due to the introduction of a foreign language in the first grade of primary school, horizontal plurilingualism is increasingly being recognized, which leads to the creation of an interlanguage field. Such a communicational situation necessarily requires a new approach to the process of learning and teaching Croatian language because monolingual preschool children become plurilingual students. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of different language codes on the process of mastering the Croatian standard language, particularly on the development of communicative competence, as well as to determine the transfer of language elements within the interlanguage field. The statistical sample consists of students in junior grades of elementary school. The Test of communicative competence was conducted (Aladrović Slovaček, 2012). Results show that the existence of parallel language codes is not an obstacle, but an advantage in a plurilingual school environment and that such a situation will have a positive impact on the process of learning the Croatian standard language in the early language period. ; Višejezičnost i višekulturalnost jezgreni su čimbenici jezične politike Europske unije. Već se i bilingvalna komunikacija smatra višejezičnošću jer pridonosi stvaranju multilingvalne društvene zajednice. Od europskih se govornika, dakle, očekuje uporaba barem dvaju jezika (materinski i jedan strani jezik). No, u većini europskih obrazovnih dokumenata (ZEROJ, 2005) ističe se trojna višejezična formula prema kojoj se, uz materinski, preporučuje poznavanje još dvaju jezika. Dosadašnja istraživanja (Pavličević-Franić, 2011) potvrđuju činjenicu da se u hrvatskoj osnovnoškolskoj praksi najčešće očituje vertikalni suodnos dvaju jezičnih kodova unutar istoga materinskoga jezika. No, uvođenjem stranoga jezika u 1. razred osnovne škole, sve češće se registrira horizontalna višejezičnost, što dovodi do stvaranja međujezičnoga polja. Takva komunikacijska situacija nužno zahtijeva nove pristupe u procesu učenja hrvatskoga jezika jer jednojezična djeca postaju višejezični učenici. Cilj je istraživanja, stoga, bio ispitati povezanost različitih jezičnih kodova i procesa ovladavanja hrvatskim standardnim jezikom, osobito u razvoju komunikacijske kompetencije, kao i utvrditi vrste jezičnih transferencija unutar međujezičnoga polja. Statistički uzorak čine učenici mlađih razreda osnovne škole među kojima je proveden Test lingvističke i komunikacijske kompetencije (Aladrović Slovaček, 2012). Rezultati pokazuju postojanje paralelnih jezičnih kodova koji nisu prepreka, nego prednost u višejezičnoj školskoj sredini i koji pozitivno utječu na proces učenja hrvatskoga standardnoga jezika u ranojezičnome razdoblju.
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POLITIČKI I DRUŠTVENO-KULTURNI KONTEKST NJEMAČKOHRVATSKIH JEZIČNIH DODIRA U VARAŽDINU ; POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT OF GERMANCROATIAN LANGUAGE CONTACTS IN VARAŽDIN
Do prvih dodira lokalnog stanovništva s njemačkim jezikom, društvom i kulturom dolazi u Varaždinu već u srednjem vijeku zbog naseljavanja kraljevskih gostiju tzv. hospitesa, uglavnom iz njemačkog govornog područja. Daljnje naseljavanje Nijemaca, a time i preuzimanje njihova jezika i društveno-kulturoloških civilizacijskih stečevina, nastupa za vrijeme formiranja Vojne krajine. Vojnički i politički položaj za vrijeme Vojne krajine značio je za Varaždin prolaz njemačke i austrijske vojske, kao i doseljavanje njihovih oficira i administrativnih činovnika koji vode glavnu riječ u gradu i često zagorčavaju život lokalnom stanovništvu. U XIX. st. u Varaždinu se svi ugledniji građani, činovnici i aristokrati uglavnom služe njemačkim jezikom. U sklopu Habsburške Monarhije veze između Varaždinaca i Nijemaca se intenziviraju, dok u vremenu germanizacije i Bachova apsolutizma, Varaždin postaje pravi njemački grad u kojem se svi građani služe njemačkim kao službenim jezikom. Tek početkom I. svjetskog rata građani Varaždina više ne nalaze uzor u svemu što dolazi iz njemačkog govornog područja te se bilježi negativni trend opadanja broja stanovnika koji znaju i uče njemački jezik. ; The first contacts of local people and the German language, society and culture occurred in Varaždin in the Middle Ages, when royal guests, the so called hospites, arrived in the town from primarily German-speaking area. Further arrival of Germans, along with the influence of their language and socio-cultural features, dates back to the establishment of the Military Frontier. Due to the military and political position during the existence of the Military Frontier, German and Austrian armies did not only pass through Varaždin, but their officers and administration clerks also settled down there, representing the most influential people in the town who often caused trouble to the local people. In the nineteenth century, Varaždin's influential citizens, officers and aristocrats primarily spoke the German language. During the reign of the Habsburg Monarchy, the connections between Varaždin's people and the Germans became even more intense, moreover, during the period of Bach's Absolutism, Varaždin became a true German town, in which all inhabitants used German as the official language. When the First World War broke out, the people of Varaždin stopped looking up to everything originating from the German-speaking area, and for the first time the downward trend in the number of inhabitants who speak and study the German language occurred, which has continued until the present day.
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"Relacijska forma" kao umjetnički jezik: pristupi i prijepori ; "Relational Form" as a Language of Art: Approaches and Debates
Rad se bavi mapiranjem i teorijskim konceptualiziranjem polemika vezanih uz "re- lacijsku formu". Pri tome ne predstavlja pokušaj pacifikacije različitih pozicija niti zauzimanja "strane" u polemikama, već se temelji na studiji koncepata (concept-based metodology) koja služe kao pomagala boljem razumijevanju objekta istraživanja. Premda je forma suvremene umjetnosti, bilo da je čine procesi ili postupci, prema tradicionalnom shvaćanju "razbijena", cilj rada je ispitati suprotno. U prvom dijelu analizirat će se pojam "relacijske forme" te diskursi vezani uz njezino artikuliranje. U drugom se dijelu istražuju tehnike i postupci odnosno strategije konceptualnih avangardi 1990-ih i 2000-ih. Zaključno se razmatraju napori, prijepori i mogućnosti umjetnosti u proširenom polju relacijskih praksi. Istraživanje će poslužiti za pobliže određenje ontološkog statusa suvremenih umjetničkih formi. ; The paper aims at mapping and theoretically conceptualizing the controversies around the "relational form." It does not, however, seek to conciliate the different positions or take "sides" in the debate; instead, it is based on a concept-based methodology as an instrument offering better insight into the researched object. Even though the form of contemporary art, be it as a process or as a procedure, is "broken" according to the traditional idea, the aim of this work is to examine the opposite. In the first part, the notion of "relational form" and the discourses related to its articulation are analyzed. The second part focuses on the techniques and procedures or strategies of the conceptual avant-gardes during the 1990s and 2000s. Eventually, the conclusion considers the efforts, debates, and possibilities of art in the extended field of relational practices. The aim of this research is to define more precisely the ontological status of contemporary art forms.
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Jezik prvih brojeva Bosansko-hercegovačkih novina iz 1878. godine ; The language in the first issues of The Bosansko-hercegovačke novine in 1878
Nakon što je Austro-Ugarska po mandatu europskih sila 1878. okupirala i uspostavila svoju upravu u Bosni i Hercegovini, pokrenula je izlaženje službenih novina koje su bile posrednik između nove vlasti i stanovništva u Bosni i Hercegovini. U Sarajevu su 1. rujna 1878. počele izlaziti Bosansko-hercegovačke novine, koje su trebale obavještavati pučanstvo o aktivnostima nove vlasti, ali i smirivati nestabilnu situaciju u društvu zbog koje su u pojedinim krajevima Bosne i Hercegovine još uvijek trajali oružani sukobi. Iako su službene novine koje su tiskane krajem turske vladavine u Bosni i Hercegovini izlazile na ćirilici, a samo pojedini zakonski i podzakonski akti bili tiskani (i) latinicom, austro-ugarska je vlast odmah zauzela jasan stav da se Bosna i Hercegovina i u vezi sa službenim pismom mora približiti zapadnoeuropskim zemljama. Zbog toga je uvedena latinica kao glavno pismo u javnu uporabu, a uporaba je ostalih pisama, isprva, ograničena samo na uporabu unutar vjerskih zajednica. Monarhija se u tom početnom razdoblju oslanjala uglavnom na zaposlenike iz Hrvatske i omogućila je da se u bosanskohercegovačku upravu uvede književni i administrativni jezik kakav se tada bio rabio u Hrvatskoj, čime je omogućeno da se Bosna i Hercegovina brzo i sa što manje komplikacija uključi u austro-ugarski administrativni sustav. U ovom opisano je pokretanje Bosansko-hercegovačkih novina i jezik njegovih prvih brojeva iz 1878. te su prikazane okolnosti koje su dovele do austro-ugarske okupacije Bosne i Hercegovine. ; After the occupation of the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary as mandated by the powerful European countries, the newly established government saw the need for an official publication to serve as a means of communication between the new administration and the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Consequently, the newspaper Bosansko-hercegovačke novine was established on September 1, 1878 in Sarajevo, with the aim of informing the public of the new government's plans and intentions, as well as decreasing tensions as lingering armed conflict in parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina had created a heated situation. Since the official press during the last days of Turkish rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina was printed in the Cyrillic script and later on only a selection of legislative acts were printed in the Roman script, the Austro-Hungarian administration firmly stated that Bosnia and Herzegovina must in that respect reflect the practices of other European countries. Thus, the public administration was to use the Roman script, while the remaining scripts were, at first, reserved for use solely within religious communities. Since in the early years of the occupation the Monarchy relied mostly on the personnel from Croatia for their administrative needs, it only made sense to employ the same language used there to facilitate a quick and painless integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the Austro-Hungarian administrative system. This paper will outline the circumstances which led to the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the establishment of The Bosansko-hercegovačke novine and analyze the language used in its first issues published in 1878.
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Jezik hrvatskoga preporoditelja Relkovića i rječnik vojnih pojmova ; Language of the Croatian Reformer Relković and Dictionary of Military Terms
U radu se analizira životno i književno djelovanje slavonskog preporoditelja Matije Antuna Relkovića (1732.-1798.) i analizira njegov Satyr iliti divji čovik u kontekstu preporodnih kretanja u Slavoniji toga vremena. Donose se ključni podatci iz Relkovićeva životopisa i posebno obrađuju slovopisna rješenja u Satyru u odnosu na standardizacijske procese u hrvatskom književnom jeziku. Osobito se obraća pažnja na vojne termine koje je Relković posebno obradio i nastojao iz njemačkih izvornika pronaći odgovarajuće hrvatske riječi za njih. ; The paper analyses the life and literary work of Slavonian reformer Matija Antun Relković (1732–1798) and his poem Satyr or the wild man in the context of the reforming movements in Slavonia of that time. The key data from Relković's resume is presented, and Satyr's spelling choices are specially analysed, in relation to standardization processes in the Croatian literary language. Particularly the military terms used, that originated in German expressions for which Relković tried to find the corresponding Croatian words, were specially addressed.
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HRVATSKI JEZIK U SLUŽBENIM LISTOVIMA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI OD 1990. DO 2005. ; CROATIAN LANGUAGE IN OFFICIAL GAZETTES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA FROM 1990 TO 2005
U članku se govori o položaju hrvatskoga jezika u službenim listovima u Bosni i Hercegovini od 1990. do 2005. godine. Hrvatski je jezik jedan od tri službena jezika u Bosni i Hercegovini pa je potrebno, s obzirom na njegov status, istražiti i njegov stvarni položaj u društvu. Budući da odabrani tekstovi pripadaju javnoj komunikaciji – a u tome je području uporaba standardnoga jezika obvezna – pozornost je usmjerena na jedan od najzastupljenijih stilova javne komunikacije, a to je administrativni funkcionalni stil. Za istraživanje položaja hrvatskoga jezika u navedenome razdoblju na planu toga stila istraženi su tekstovi sljedećih službenih glasila: Službeni list BiH, Narodni list HZ/RHB i Gradski službeni glasnik Grada Mostara (Službeni list grada Mostara). Prikupljena građa analizirana je prije svega na leksičkoj razini jer se na toj jezičnoj razini ponajbolje može odrediti status jezika u javnoj komunikaciji. ; The paper deals with status of Croatian language in official gazettes in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1990 to 2005. Croatian language is one of three official languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina, therefore it is necessary to explore its real position in the society, especially regarding its status. Since those texts are a part of public communication – and usage of standard language in that area is obligatory – attention is focused on one of the most represented public communication style, and that is administrative functional style. For exploring the position of Croatian language in the mentioned period regarding that style, the texts of the following official gazettes were analyzed: Službeni list BiH, Narodni list HZ/RHB and Gradski službeni glasnik Grada Mostara (Službeni list grada Mostara). Collected data were firstly analyzed at the lexical level since the status of language in public communication can be best determined at that linguistic level.
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Značenje regionalne suradnje za očuvanje jezika i kulture Roma ; Significance of regional cooperation for the preservation of the language and culture of the Roma
Tema članka je važnost regionalne suradnje za ostvarivanje prava disperziranih etničkih manjina koje žive u različitim zemljama. Autorica posebno ističe specifičnost položaja Roma u kontekstu suvremenih europskih politika zaštite manjinskih prava. Međunarodni dokumenti, naglašava autorica, po prvi put u povijesti osiguravaju institucionalnu podršku očuvanju etničkog identiteta Roma u Europi. Europska povelja o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima pruža zaštitu i neteritorijalnim jezicima, što uključuje i romski jezik. U drugoj polovici dvadesetog stoljeća, na području Zapadnog Balkana, pokrenute su inicijative za očuvanje i razvoj romskog jezika i identiteta. Romi iz bivše Jugoslavije, u sklopu te inicijative, pokrenuli su projekt standardizacije romskog jezika. Ta je inicijativa u praksi bitno utjecala na položaj i uporabu romskog jezika u Sloveniji. ; The article topic is regional cooperation in light of its special importance for the rights of dispersed ethnic minorities living in different countries. In this context the situation of Roma stands out as a specific issue in the context of modern European minority protection. International documents for the first time in history provide institutional support for the preservation of ethnic identity of the Roma in Europe. The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages expands its protection also to the protection of non-territorial languages, including the Roma language. In the second half of the last century, in the geographical area of the Western Balkans some initiatives for the preservation and development of the Romani language and identity started. Following these initiatives, representatives of Roma from the former Yugoslavia started a project for standardization of the Roma language. Practice has shown that this process significantly influenced the situation and the use of the Romani language in Slovenia.
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