Suchergebnisse

The article presents the characteristics of the language used in the prison employees and inmates. There is a nonverbal language, gesture that is learned by imitation two social categories in the everyday interaction. And there are two types of verbal language - one official and one secret slang. In the universe of prison three languages intertwine not possible without each other. To understand the functioning of an institution's total language understanding is essential, for it is vital for human interaction flow, understanding and functioning of formal and informal rules for the two categories internalization of social values.

In the last three decades the field of endangered and minority languages has evolved rapidly, moving from the initial dire warnings of linguists to a swift increase in the number of organizations, funding programs, and community-based efforts dedicated to documentation, maintenance, and revitalization. Sustaining Linguistic Diversity brings together cutting-edge theoretical and empirical work from leading researchers and practitioners in the field. Together, these contributions provide a state-of-the-art overview of current work in defining, documenting, and developing the world's smaller lang

As línguas de sinais que são visuais-espaciais oferecem um campo de análise que se refere aos possíveis efeitos que a diferença na modalidade pode implicar para as teorias lingüísticas e para as análises discursivas. Neste artigo, vamos nos deter a discutir os efeitos de modalidade na perspectiva teórica apresentando uma revisão dos estudos clássicos das línguas de sinais, bem como dos estudos que buscam compreender as especificidades dessas línguas.

The presence of a language in the digital domain is crucial for its survival, as online communication and digital language resources have become the standard in the last decades and will gain more importance in the coming years. In order to develop advanced systems that are considered the basics for an efficient digital communication (e.g. machine translation systems, text-to-speech and speech-to-text converters and digital assistants), it is necessary to digitalise linguistic resources and create tools. In the case of Basque, scholars have studied the creation of digital linguistic resources and the tools that allow the development of those systems for the last forty years. In this paper, we present an overview of the natural language processing and language technology resources developed for Basque, their impact in the process of making Basque a "digital language" and the applications and challenges in multilingual communication. More precisely, we present the well-known products for Basque, the basic tools and the resources that are behind the products we use every day. Likewise, we would like that this survey serves as a guide for other minority languages that are making their way to digitalisation.
Received: 05 April 2022Accepted: 20 May 2022

Examines choices regarding language of instruction in multilingual countries with traditional minority groups, which were under colonial domination into the 20th century. Some focus on the Philippines, Cameroon, Indonesia, Tanzania, Kenya, Papua New Guinea, Guatemala, Colombia, and Peru.

AbstractBy providing evidence that sign language is an autonomous language, research has contributed to various changes both within and beyond the signing communities. The aim of this article is to show an example of how sign language change is driven not only by language internal factors but also by changes in language perception, as well as in the changing groups of users and the contexts of use. Drawing from data collected at a sign language research centre in Italy on Italian Sign Language during a time span of over thirty years, the present study will show how language research was a major impetus for a new linguistic awareness and changes in language attitude has influenced new linguistic practices and has forced Italian signers to think about rules governing the use of their language.

This peer-reviewed collection brings together the latest research on language endangerment and language rights. It creates a vibrant, interdisciplinary platform for the discussion of the most pertinent and urgent topics central to vitality and equality of languages in today's globalised world. The novelty of the volume lies in the multifaceted view on the variety of dangers that languages face today, such as extinction through dwindling speaker populations and lack of adequate preservation policies or inequality in different social contexts (e.g. access to justice, education and research resources). There are examples of both loss and survival, and discussion of multiple factors that condition these two different outcomes. We pose and answer difficult questions such as whether forced interventions in preventing loss are always warranted or indeed viable. The emerging shared perspective is that of hope to inspire action towards improving the position of different languages and their speakers through research of this kind.

This paper explores ways in which language ideology is linked to maintenance of Korean as a heritage language by Koreans in America. The data for this ethnographic study come from three separate sources: 1) a Korean language program at an American university; 2) a community-based ESL program for Korean seniors; and 3) a recently immigrated Korean family. Data collection methods include participant observation; informal conversations with the participants; in-depth interviews; and on-site document analysis. Through regular and sustained interaction with participants in the three research sites over a period of three years, the findings provide insights into ways in which the participants' attitudes toward language learning and maintenance are continuously shaped and revised based on their life circumstances. This paper describes each participant's language attitudes as fluid entities operating on a continuum of assimilationist ideologies on the one end and pluralist ideologies on the other.

"Through an examination of the Irish language context this volume examines the changing value and function of minority languages and what this may mean for future efforts to revive the Irish language. It provides an account of four sites of minority language use including television, comedy, Hip Hop, and tourism. Each of these sites represents domains in which the use of Irish has changed significantly as a consequence of processes of globalization. Through an examination of these four areas, it becomes clear that they offer transgressive spaces for minority language ideologies and use"--