Suchergebnisse

Traditional valuation approaches are increasingly recognised as being insufficient to address the wicked valuation problems of the diverse peoples and groups that inhabit the globe from north, south, east to west. This book demonstrates the limitations of science and, in particular economics, as the foundation on which valuations are traditionally based. It demonstrates the importance of and provides justification for the personal, cultural values and norms which underpin our assessment of "value", and the fact that these vary across the world. In Wicked Valuations Michael McDermott develops a means of engaging with highly complex valuation problems. His autoethnography provides a lens to draw on knowledge and experience from his 40 years in land valuation in Africa and the Asia-Pacific, while documentary analysis is used to draw in the views of other valuation practitioners and scholars who are becoming increasingly aware of the need to develop ways to adapt land valuation processes to the complexity of our contemporary landscapes.

AbstractThis article examines the links between private property in land and the financial system. Private landed property (PLP) has played an important role in supporting the growth of modern banking and credit systems, industrialization, and economic democratization. However, since the 1980s, high‐income economies have exhibited a strong preference for PLP as a form of tenure, in the form of home ownership in particular. This pattern has combined with financial liberalization and innovation to create a land‐finance feedback cycle with negative social and economic outcomes. They include a housing affordability crisis for younger and poorer socioeconomic groups; rising wealth inequality as land rents have become more concentrated; economic stagnation due to capital misallocation; and increased financial fragility as household debt has exploded. We illustrate these historical processes in the Anglo‐Saxon "home‐owning democracies," where they have been strongest, focusing in particular on the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States. This article considers how alternative tenure arrangements and reforms to finance and taxation could help mediate these dynamics.

La rente différentielle, dans la théorie marxiste de la rente fonciére capitaliste, est souvent considérée comme l'appropriation, par les propriétaires, des surprofits résultant de la production sur les terres les plus fertiles, surprofits différentiels dont l'existence serait indépendante de la nécessité du paiement de rente. Dans cette perspective, la rente différentielle n'influe pas sur le procès d'accumulation du capital, ni sur la valeur d'échange des marchandises. La thèse développée ici est que l'analyse de la rente différentielle (type II) dans Le Capital montre que l'existence de cette rente conduit à des effets opposés, et que la conclusion selon laquelle la rente différentielle n'est qu'une redistribution de surprofit préexistant ne peut découler que d'une problématique ricardienne ou marginaliste. Après avoir explicité les différences entre les théories de la rente différentielle de Marx et de Ricardo, il est montré que la théorie marxiste de la valeur constitue un élément décisif de la constitution de ces différences. De plus, il résulte du rapport entre la théorie marxiste de la valeur et celle de la rente différentielle que les effets de cette catégorie de rente sont distincts selon qu'il s'agit de l'agriculture ou de l'industrie. Et ceci permet, entre autre, de théoriser l'impact des localisations sur le procès de production et sur la valeur des marchandises. Ce qui mène, au bout du compte, à s'interroger sur la pertinence des catégories marxistes de rente, rente différentielle comprise, pour l'analyse des mécanismes créateurs de rente dans les zones urbaines.

AbstractA wide range of digital innovations has changed property relations globally over the past fifteen years. What are we to make of these digital experiments with landed property? I argue we should not mistake their technological novelty for a break with the geographic and historical specificities of property relations. The yoking of property to modernity and civilization makes technological progress a fundamental part of how relationships to land are constituted and reconstituted, and in whose interests, throughout global capitalism. In this article, I situate 21st century housing market technologies within sedimented relations of landed property in the United States, showing the history of property innovation in the United States is also one of racialized wealth accumulation and dispossession. I interpret current anxieties about 'robot landlords' as anxieties about how the shifting landscape of property ownership appears to threaten the economic benefits associated with racial dominance.