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In the area of criminal law, the federal government often sets trends. This article discusses the potential impact of two trends in federal criminal justice that are being followed by the states: privatizing prosecution and blurring the line between criminal and civil law. While there are potential benefits of both trends, such as enhancing law enforcement's resources and flexibility, this article suggests that the potential harm they pose for a system of criminal justice is serious. By abdicating prosecutorial functions to private parties motivated by greed rather than the public interest and by blurring the line between criminal and civil law, we risk diluting the power of the criminal law to communicate core values of society.

This three-volume Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement provides a comprehensive, critical, and descriptive examination of all facets of law enforcement on the state and local, federal and national, and international stages. This work is a unique reference source that provides readers with informed discussions on the practice and theory of policing in an historical and contemporary framework. The volumes treat subjects that are particular to the area of state and local, federal and national, and international policing. Many of the themes and issues of policing cut across disciplinary borders, h

Integrity and corruption have become important issues in the practice and theory of politics, public administration, law, economics and social life. Consequently, they have also become significant topics for law enforcement organisations. Indeed, these organisations play a crucial role in the struggle against corruption in society, and, in order to do that, their own integrity must be beyond doubt. This volume, with contributions by 35 authors from 13 countries in five continents, offers a comprehensive overview of "corruption, integrity and law enforcement". The related papers were presented at the Second Global Forum on Fighting Corruption and Safeguarding Integrity that took place in The Hague in May 2001. The content and extent of the problem of corruption are presented via case studies from individual countries. Furthermore, corruption and integrity in the law enforcement system itself are highlighted, and the legal instruments that are available to combat corruption and to safeguard integrity are discussed. Special attention is paid here to independent institutions that operate in several countries. Finally, several contributions focus on the global dimension of the subject: the international organisations and initiatives that play an important role in the world-wide struggle against corruption. This volume is therefore of great relevance for policy makers and academic researchers, as well as for practitioners

Tax law enforcement in the UK has long been dominated by public bureaucracies of the 'classic' type. This article reviews some current problems of tax law enforcement in that style, and looks at some possible ways of mitigating those problems. These include a change in penalty schedules and some measure of 're‐privatization' of tax law enforcement, harking back to pre‐bureaucratic enforcement styles. Six problems likely to be associated with privatization of tax law enforcement are discussed. These are not trivial, but it is argued that they may be somewhat less severe in the case of tax law enforcement than in that of law enforcement in general.

Given widespread media attention to issues of crime and its prevention, police heroism, and new modes of police-community involvements, this international collection is timely. It is unique in examining ways in which police and citizens communicate across a range of contexts and problem areas. While much attention is afforded the critical roles of communication by police agencies, there has been little recourse to communication science and its theories. Likewise, the latter has not, until recently, concerned itself with analyzing police-citizen interactions. This volume examines the character

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- Appendices -- Appendix 1: Leaders of the Bureau of Investigation and FBI -- Appendix 2: Commissioners of the London Metropolitan Police -- Appendix 3: Heads of the Special Branch of the Metropolitan Police* -- Appendix 4: New York City Police Department Commissioners, 1901- 1996 -- Appendix 5: Los Angeles Police Chiefs, 1876- 2000 -- Appendix 6: Past Superintendents and Commissioners of the Pennsylvania State Police* -- Appendix 7: The Position of Lieutenant- General of Police,* Paris -- Appendix 8: Prefects of the Paris Police Through 1956 -- Appendix 9: Attorneys General of the United States, 1908- 1998 -- Appendix 10: Chronology of American Policing -- Appendix 11: Chronology of British Policing -- Appendix 12: American State Departments- Date and Name of First State Agency -- Appendix 13: Original Members of Scotland Yard's Detective Branch -- Appendix 14: FBI Agents Killed in the Line of Duty -- Appendix 15: Chicago Police Department (CPD) Firsts, 1833- 1933 -- Appendix 16: Chicago Police Chiefs, 1855- 1933 -- Appendix 17: Year of First African- American Police Appointments in Selected Cities -- Appendix 18: U.S. Marshals -- Appendix 19: U.S. Deputy Marshals -- Appendix 20: Police Origins Worldwide -- Appendix 21: Soviet State Security Leadership -- Appendix 22: Members of Interpol* -- Appendix 23: Chief Inspectors for the U. S. Postal Inspection Service through 1958 -- Appendix 24: Directors of the Texas Department of Public Safety* -- Appendix 25: High Points in French Police History -- Appendix 26: Arizona Rangers* Roster, with Tenure -- Appendix 27: How to Join the North- West Mounted Police Force, 1906 -- Selected Bibliography -- Index.

Given widespread media attention to issues of crime and its prevention, police heroism, and new modes of police-community involvements, this international collection is timely. It is unique in examining ways in which police and citizens communicate across a range of contexts and problem areas. While much attention is afforded the critical roles of communication by police agencies, there has been little recourse to communication science and its theories. Likewise, the latter has not, until recently, concerned itself with analyzing police-citizen interactions. This volume examines the character

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