Suchergebnisse

Naval blockade is an old form of warfare where the current restatement of customary international law on this issue – the 1994 San Remo Manual – leaves something to be desired. The article considers the history of the concept and its current regulation like the requirements for establishing a naval blockade and addresses also issues in relation to its enforcement.

On 1 April 2020, the Latvian fishing company SIA North Star and its owner Peteris Pildegovics initiated an investor-State arbitration against Norway (Peteris Pildegovics and SIA North Star v. Kingdom of Norway) at the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). This case is not only Norway's first ever ICSID case, but also the first publicly known investor-State arbitration in which an operator of a fishing vessel has brought a claim against a coastal State for allegedly unlawful exercise of prescriptive and enforcement jurisdiction in relation to fisheries. The case raises intricate questions concerning the limits of jurisdiction ratione materiae and jurisdiction ratione personae of investment tribunals.

The duty of states to consult indigenous communities is a well-established legal principle, but its implications for practice remain uncertain. Sweden is finding itself at a particularly critical juncture as it prepares to legislate a duty to consult the Sami people in line with its international obligations. This paper explores the ability of Swedish state actors to implement the duty to consult, based on lessons from an already existing duty set out in Swedish minority law, namely to ensure the effective participation of minorities in land and resource decisions. Presenting novel empirical material on the views of Sami communities and state officials in ministries and agencies, we demonstrate the existence of considerable implementation gaps linked to practice, sectoral legislation, and political discourse. We argue that if state duties are to promote the intended intercultural reconciliation, then new measures are needed to ensure enforcement, e.g. via mechanisms of appeal and rules of nullification. In addition, sectoral resource regulations should be amended to refer to the duties set out in minority law and/or a potential new bill on consultation duty in a consistent manner. In the near-term, the state should ensure that Sami communities are adequately resourced to engage in consultation and should invest in state authorities' own ability to implement, i.e. through competence development, staffing, intersectoral coordination, and independent evaluation. Much could also be gained if state agencies and Sami communities worked together to develop detailed consultation routines for relevant resource sectors.

Animal Welfare Management in Norway is about how authorities can best promote high standards of well-being and respect for animals. In Norway, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority has primary responsibility for ensuring that businesses and persons comply with animal welfare laws and regulations.

This book presents the results of a unique research project on the effects of the Food Safety Authority's efforts within land-based food industries, in which key questions were: What kinds of regulatory measures and oversight are most effective? Is organizing all regulatory activity under one authority worthwhile? Is industry receptive to oversight? How can the authority utilize measures such as guidelines, warnings or punishment to best effect?

This book provides new insight into challenges associated with animal welfare management, an area that has previously been under-researched in Norway. The book is geared toward persons with supervisory roles as well as those working in industries that handle animals, but it will also be of interest to anyone concerned with animal welfare or oversight in general. The book can also be relevant for instruction at the higher educational level.

The contributors have backgrounds in political science, law, sociology, social anthropology, veterinary and other livestock-related fields, as well as inspection services. The book has been edited by Stig S. Gezelius, a professor at the University of South-Eastern Norway, and Frode Veggeland, a professor at the University of Oslo and senior researcher at the Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO). The editors are experienced in research into public administration and implementation of legislation. - Forvaltning av dyrevelferd i Norge handler om hvordan myndighetene best kan fremme god dyrevelferd og respekt for dyr. I Norge er det Mattilsynet som har hovedansvaret for å kontrollere at virksomheter og personer overholder dyrevelferdsloven.

Denne boka presenterer resultatene fra et unikt forskningsprosjekt om virkninger av Mattilsynets virksomhet i landbaserte matnæringer. Sentralt står spørsmålet om hva slags tilsyn som virker best. Er det hensiktsmessig å samle alle tilsynsoppgaver i én etat? Er næringen mottakelig for styring? Hvordan kan tilsynet bruke virkemidler – som veiledning, advarsler eller straff – på en hensiktsmessig måte?

Boka gir ny innsikt i utfordringer knyttet til dyrevelferdsforvaltningen. Forvaltning av dyrevelferdsloven er knapt studert i Norge tidligere. Boka retter seg særlig mot tilsynsforvaltningen og aktører innen næringer som håndterer dyr, men vil være interessant for alle som er opptatt av dyrevelferd eller av tilsynsvirksomhet generelt. Den er egnet for undervisningsformål på universitets- og høyskolenivå.

Kapittelforfatterne har bakgrunn fra statsvitenskap, jus, sosiologi, sosialantropologi, veterinær- og husdyrfag, så vel som fra inspeksjonsvirksomhet. Bokas redaktører er Stig S. Gezelius, professor ved Universitetet i Sørøst-Norge, og Frode Veggeland, professor ved Universitetet i Oslo og seniorforsker ved Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi (NIBIO). Redaktørene har lang erfaring fra forskning på offentlig forvaltning og iverksetting av lovverk.