Suchergebnisse

In the article there is given a general overview of the sources of the international sport law, which is a new dynamically developing branch of law. The author underlines that international sport law unites norms of international law and national legislation regulating sport relations of international nature.

The article discusses the features of teaching municipal law at the Faculty of Law of Moscow University. This was in uenced by various factors, the central place among which is the dynamics of ideas about the essence of local self-government. The issues of teaching municipal law at Moscow University are traditionally included in the range of tasks of the department related to the organization of state power - the department of state law, Soviet construction, now - the department of constitutional and municipal law. The teachers of the department have made and continue to make to the formation of local self-government and Russian statehood. Devoting their work to the problems of the organization and activities of local authorities, the teachers of the department, on the one hand, maintained the continuity of scienti c views, strengthening the traditions of the national state-law school, and on the other hand, they created the foundation for future statelegal (constitutionallegal) transformations, sensitively responding to the requirements of the time, and sometimes ahead of them. Special attention is drawn to the fact that the issues of teaching municipal law at Moscow University are traditionally included in the range of tasks of the department related to the organization of state power - the department of state law and Soviet construction, now - the department of constitutional and municipal law. The paper points to the contribution that the teachers of the department have made and continue to make to the formation of local self-government and Russian statehood as a whole.

The subject. Modern law enforcement is considered in harmony with the spiritual and moral foundations of legal culture through the use of ideas and approaches of Roman law.The purpose. An attempt has been made to assess the influence of Roman Law on Russian constitutionalism and modern law enforcement on the basis of the spiritual and moral traditions of Russian legal culture.The methodology. Methods of dialectical logic, analysis and synthesis, comparative-historical, formal-legal methods were used. The main method is comparison of foundations of Roman law with the basic principles of Russian constitutionalism.The main results and scope of their application. The problem of influence of Roman law on Russian constitutionalism and, in general, on the basis of modern Russian law enforcement is raised. If universalism and individualism should be believed as the foundations of classical Roman law, then the basis of Russian law is community and social solidarity. In Russia collective property and joint work as well as ancestral structure in the form of a rural community reached the modern times, while in ancient Rome their disappearance was the basis of the formation of Roman law. National peculiarities of the Russian legal and political systems are determined by cultural-historical (civilizational) circumstances, especially by the natural and climatic factors. It was in the communal world of Russia that the idea of Christian equality has formed the basis of the model of life, while in Western Europe the community has followed the path of individualization of the individual and differentiation of elites and masses according to the criteria of social success. The absolute belief in law as a phenomenon of social planning and a tool for compromise between different parts of society, inherited from Roman law, formed the Romano-German and Anglo-Saxon worldview, but it did not take root in Russian legal culture. Modern Russian constitutionalism, while poorly considering the Roman-Byzantine origins of national Russian law, is wrong in its denial of the national-cultural and historical adaptation of European legal institutions and principles.Conclusions. One of the important results of the study is the conclusion that the social value of Roman law in Russian Constitutionalism includes the moral mission of Roman law and a high assessment of the normative value of the heritage of Roman law. The value depravity of the current Constitution of the Russian Federation can be eliminated, its defects can and should be corrected on the basis of the Roman law tradition, but this should be done only by adequately assessing the own experience of law enforcement, the thousand-year state- legal and spiritual development of the Russian civilization. ; Современное правоприменение рассматривается в гармонии с духовно-нравственными основами правовой культуры через использование идей и подходов римского права. Также преследуется цель выявить влияние римского публичного права на российский конституционализм. В исследовании использованы методы диалектической логики, сравнительно-исторический, формально-юридический и др. Утверждается, что российский конституционализм, слабо учитывая римско-византийские истоки национального русского права, ошибочен своим отрицанием национальной культурно-исторической традиции в адаптации европейских правовых институтов и принципов. Ныне исключительную роль играют духовно-нравственные и религиозные критерии дальнейшего развития государств. Определение роли римского права в российском конституционализме включает в себя высокую оценку нормативного значения институтов и принципов римского права и нравственную миссию римского права в процессе правоприменения.

The subject of the research is the categories "the spirit of the law" and "the letter of the law" in their regulatory sense.The purpose of the research is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that the concept of "the spirit of the law" fundamentally impacts the methodology of legal research, legal con-sciousness and the mechanism of legal regulation.The methodology for researching the spirit of the law presupposes an adequate selection of means of knowledge. It is impossible to study the spirit of the law with the tools of ma-terialism or economic determinism. The spiritual-moral, axiological, metaphysical, systemic methods and the method of synthesis are preferred for the study of the spirit of the law. The legal system of society ceases to meet the elementary requirements of the formation of a person's legal consciousness, his improvement and spiritual health when the spirit of the law is denied. It is generally impossible to understand how law functions and achieves a regulatory effect using the dogmatic, positivist approach to law as a dominant method of cognition.The main results, scope of application. The problem of the operation of the spirit of the law is one of the ignored problems of legal practice. If the legal act is at odds with the spirit of the law, the law enforcer faces a difficult choice: either morality or law. This dilemma is fraught with serious conflicts both in the mental, psychological sphere of the law enforce-ment officer himself, and between all participants in the legal process. Every person has an internal imbalance if he makes decisions and performs actions that are contrary to his con-science. Jurisprudence, which adequately perceives the subordination between the spirit of the law and the letter of the law, warns against the temptation to consider law as a sphere independent of spiritual absolutes. The current law is not exactly what is set out in the texts of regulatory acts. Distinguishing between the spirit of the law and the letter of the law, therefore, requires special types of interpretation of texts (broad, restrictive), as well as analogies of legislation and analogies of law. ; Категории «дух права» и «буква закона» исследуются в их нормативном значении. Обосновывается фундаментальность понятия «дух права» для методологии правовых исследований, правосознания и механизма правового регулирования. Отмечается, что дуализм духа права и буквы закона заключается в несовпадении их природы. Дух права выражает идеи, принципы, символы и ценности, способные быть регулятивными, тогда как буква закона есть совокупность документально выраженных норм, которые обладают конститутивной сущностью. Дух права составляет коренную основу правового сознания общества. В праве, как и в искусстве, воздействующем на сознание и поведение человека, главное – его дух, смысл и образ: только тогда форма права приобретает полноту и целостность своих функциональных характеристик.

The article considers the objective grounds of law. It is underlined that the question of how to justify the necessary character of a particular rules of law that are introduced by legislators remains unresolved. It is proved that jurisprudence should not only describe the functionality of the law system, but also justify the necessary character of legal norms. The author believes that the most convincing is the justification for the legal system by means of the category of legal consciousness. In turn, the legal consciousness should be based on a framework that does not depend on the changing historical situation, namely, on the a priori legal values and principles. In accordance with a priori grounds, it is possible to distinguish the necessary legal norms and the random rules that need to be revised in accordance with the requirement of legal logic. If the definite rules of law contradict the a priori principles of law, they will inevitably form a zone of legal arbitrariness. The author establishes a relationship: if the introduced legal norm does not create a new zone of legal arbitrariness, it is not contrary to the a priori principles of law, and if it forms, it has the random nature and should be abolished ; В статье рассматриваются объективные основания системы права. Подчеркивается, что нерешенным остается вопрос о том, как обосновать необходимый характер тех или иных правых норм, которые вводятся законодателями. Доказывается, что правоведение должно не только описывать функциональность системы права, но и обосновывать необходимый характер правовых норм. Автор считает, что наиболее убедительно выглядит обоснование системы права посредством категории правосознания. В свою очередь, правосознание должно опираться на такую основу, которая не зависит от изменчивой исторической ситуации, а именно - на априорные правовые ценности и принципы. В соответствии с априорными основаниями права становится возможным отличить необходимые правовые нормы от случайных норм, которые должны быть пересмотрены согласно требованию правовой логики. В случае если конкретные нормы права противоречат априорным правовым принципам, то они неизбежно формируют зону правового произвола. Автор устанавливает зависимость: если введенная правовая норма не формирует новую зону правового произвола, то она не противоречит априорным принципам права, а если формирует, то носит случайный характер и должна быть отменена

The article presents an analysis of the directions of modern criminal law policy from the standpoint of the theory of criminal law prohibitions. The author of the article considers criminalization as a process and result of the formation of a criminal law prohibition in the criminal law. Using the example of Article 2007 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation, the application of criminalization criteria in the legislative process is investigated. Special attention is paid to the issue of the concept of criminal law, its connection with the process of legalization of criminal law prohibitions. The position is substantiated that the increase in the number of criminal law prohibitions does not have positive socially significant consequences. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the use of the criminal law resource should correspond to the modern picture of the social world, as well as correspond to basic human values, the main of which is justice. Otherwise, the tasks assigned to the criminal law will not be solved. ; В статье представлен анализ направлений современной уголовно-правовой политики с позиции теории уголовно-правовых запретов. Автор статьи рассматривает криминализацию как процесс и результат формирования уголовно-правового запрета в уголовном законе. На примере ст. 2007 УК РФ исследуется применение критериев криминализации в законотворческом процессе. Особое внимание уделено вопросу о концепции уголовного закона, ее связи с процессом легализации уголовно-правовых запретов. Обосновано положение, что рост числа уголовно-правовых запретов не имеет положительных социально значимых последствий. Автор статьи приходит к выводу, что использование ресурса уголовного закона должно соотноситься с современной картиной социального мира, а также соответствовать базовым человеческим ценностям, основной из которых является справедливость. В противном случае задачи, возлагаемые на уголовный закон, решены не будут.

Subjects and other participants in the tax legal relationship are considered. According to the author, it is necessary to study in more detail the subject composition, as well as the material object and subject of tax relations. Improving the rules governing the rights and obligations of parties to a tax legal relationship will contribute to the observance of the constitutional rights and freedoms of taxpayers and payers of fees. It is concluded that it is necessary to study in more detail the subject composition, as well as the material object and subject of tax relations. Improving the rules governing the rights and obligations of parties to a tax legal relationship will contribute to the observance of the constitutional rights and freedoms of taxpayers and payers of fees.

УДК 340.132The state of law enforcement in modern Russia is analyzed in the article on the basis of judicial statistics. The author gives a critical assessment of the most important decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation handed down in 2015-2016 years in var-ious spheres of legal reality:– local self-government;– the formation of the foundationd capital repairs of condominium houses;– pensions provision of ex-militaries;– legislative regulation of property valuation activity;– problem of execution of court decisions.The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation many times violated the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Since the Constitutional Court has recognized the legal abolition of elections of mayors in cities and towns. Constitutional Court recognized a legal collection taxes from citizens for capital repairs of condominium houses of others. Very often in the Russian law enforcement the Constitutional Court adopts a politically motivated decision, although such decisions are strictly prohibited by law. Unfortunately, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation not adequately protect the rights of Russian citizens and organizations.The author comes to the conclusion of a big crisis of law enforcement caused of legal nihilism, rooted among the enforcers, is made in the article. Analyzing the examples of judicial practice author propose any ways out of crisis law enforcement. ; УДК 340.132В статье на основе материалов судебной статистики анализируется состояние правоприменения в России. Автором дана критическая оценка наиболее значимым постановлениям Конституционного Суда РФ, вынесенным в 2015–2016 гг. в различных сферах правовой действительности: местном самоуправлении, формировании и использовании фонда капитального ремонта многоквартирных домов, пенсионном обеспечении бывших военнослужащих, применении законодательства об оценочной деятельности, проблемах исполнения судебных актов. Сделан вывод о правовом нигилизме, укоренившемся среди правоприменителей, и внесены предложения по исправлению ситуации.

Nowadays IT sphere all over the world experiences rapid growth. This situation also refers to the State of Israel that is considered to be one of the leaders in IT-startups and IT sphere in all. The development of IT has a great influence on economy of Israel and its economic development. Application software is usually defined as a main unit in information technologies. Therefore, legal protection of software becomes one of the most important issues regarding IT sphere. Intellectual property law in Israel is mostly based on British intellectual property law. International legislation concerning intellectual property also influences Israeli IP law. As in the majority of countries, in Israel software is considered as an object of copyright law and it is protected in compliance with its provisions. Copyright law is regulated by the Copyright Act passed the Knesset in 2007. The term of protection granted by this Act shall be the life of the author and seventy years after his death. In accordance with the main principle of copyright law, software has been protected since the moment the software was created. That means that software in Israel does not subject to registration or any other procedure of its kind. It is also possible to register a logo and a unique name of software as a trademark, and this can become a substantial addition to the law protection.

All the activities and phenomena of the modern society proceed under influ­ence of the globalizational processes. The globalization runs through mostly all the fields of the social life, primarily economic, political and social, cultural, humanitarian field. The globalizational processes have the specified legal di­mension, that becomes apparent, first, in changes of the correlation of national, regional and international law; besides this, in changes of the specificity of the legal regulation. ; В современном обществе все явления, процессы проходят под влиянием гло - бализацийних процессов. Глобализация пронизывает практически все сферы общественной жизни, прежде всего, экономическую, политическую, а также социальную, культурную, гуманитарную и др. Гло - бализацийни процессы имеют определенный правовой измерение, проявляется, во-первых, в изменении соотношения между национальным, региональным и международным правом, кроме того, в изменении специфики правового регулирования общественных отношений и др. ; В сучасному суспільстві всі явища, процеси проходять під впливом гло - балізаційних процесів. Глобалізація пронизує практично всі сфери сус­пільного життя, перш за все, еконо­мічну, політичну, а також соціальну, культурну, гуманітарну та ін. Гло - балізаційні процеси мають визначе­ний правовий вимір, що проявляєть­ся, по-перше, у зміні співвідношення між національним, регіональним та міжнародним правом, крім того, у зміні специфіки правового регулюван­ня суспільних відносин та ін.

The article examines the practice of law regulating the use, consumption, assigning human resources, environmental protection of their habitat during the period 30-40 years of the 20th century in the Komi Republic.

Быстрое развитие социальных медиа – это одно из самых трендовых и перспективных направлений развития современного мира, но одновременно с этим данное явление носит неоднозначный характер. Осваивание технологий, которые предлагают сервисы web 2.0, в настоящее время имеет высокий потенциал и обсуждается во всем мире. Они реализуют такие ключевые функции как активное вовлечение пользователей, которые в свою очередь часто являются инструментом для различных форм политической мобилизации. Использование методов контент-анализа, дискурс-анализа, статистического анализа и сравнительного метода позволили нам выявить специфику построения, развития и функционирования диалога власти с гражданским обществом посредством сервисов web 2.0. Благодаря этому мы сформировали медиаиндекс, послуживший базой для оценки и сравнительной характеристики эффективности взаимодействия глав субъектов ДФО с гражданами посредством сервисов web 2.0, с представлением соответствующего рейтинга.

Опираясь на часть вторую статьи 67 Конституции Российской Федерации, автор ставит задачу показать взаимопроникновение в правовые системы мира божественного и человеческого начала, имея при этом в виду, что начало возникновению позитивного (человеческого, «искусственного») права было заложено в теологическую стадию развития цивилизации. Реализация задачи потребует анализа различного рода правовых концепций в их историческом развитии; содержания Библии в контексте норм поведения людей, правил жизни (заповедей, притч Иисуса Христа, рекомендаций Святых Апостолов); нормативных документов разных стран, включая Россию, в их историческом развитии.
С учетом объема содержания статья поделена на несколько частей.

Civil law States that the legal capacity of individuals is defined as the ability of the individual to have rights and obligations. This legal category arises from birth and ceases with death, it characterizes a person as a living being and does not depend on age and health. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that it can be limited by a court decision, in particular in criminal proceedings it can be expressed in deprivation of the right to engage in certain activities, to occupy certain positions. The article reveals the content of legal capacity in private international law, the basic powers included in the legal capacity, in particular, the right to a name, its use and protection, analyzes the foreign legislation concerning the procedure of recognition as missing and the Declaration of a person as dead. The article deals with the conflict issues arising in the foreign and Russian legislation in the regulation of relations included in the content of legal capacity, the study of international legislation characterizing the legal status of the person.