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International audience ; —Hardware Trojans (HT) inserted in integrated circuits have received special attention of researchers. In this paper, we present firstly a novel HT detection technique based on path delays measurements. A delay model, which considers intra-die process variations, is established for a net. Secondly, we show how to detect HT using ElectroMagnetic (EM) measurements. We study the HT detection probability according to its size taking into account the inter-die process variations with a set of FPGA. The results show, for instance, that there is a probability greater than 95% with a false negative rate of 5% to detect a HT larger than 1.7% of the original circuit. I. Introduction The trust and security of Integrated Circuits (IC) design and fabrication is critical for sensitive fields like finance, health, and governmental communications. Due to the complexity and the high cost of IC fabrication cycle, more and more firms outsource their production. This trend gives a possibility for an adversary to introduce malicious circuit, called Hardware Trojan horse (HT), in any IC. It can either perform a Denial Of Service (DOS), deteriorate circuit performance [8], or steal sensitive information. Therefore, the HTs are considered a real threat which has gained attention from researchers. HT can be inserted at any point during the design or fabrication process from Register Transfer Level (RTL) to layout and circuit fabrication. For example in [11], authors show some techniques to insert malicious circuitry at RTL level. These HTs, which are activated with a specific pattern inputs, can leak secret key via RS232 channels. The HT, unlike a software trojan, cannot be removed once it is fabricated. So, it is better to proactively prevent the insertion of a HT: few methods have been proposed. One seminal work is known as " private circuits II " [9]. This paper describes a proof-of-concept, too costly to be implemented. A more reasonable option has been recently proposed in [5]: it uses two codes to encode ...

In the last few years, the traditional ways to keep the increase of hardware performance at the rate predicted by Moore's Law have vanished. When uni-cores were the norm, hardware design was decoupled from the software stack thanks to a well defined Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). This simple interface allowed developing applications without worrying too much about the underlying hardware, while hardware designers were able to aggressively exploit instruction-level parallelism (ILP) in superscalar processors. With the irruption of multi-cores and parallel applications, this simple interface started to leak. As a consequence, the role of decoupling again applications from the hardware was moved to the runtime system. Efficiently using the underlying hardware from this runtime without exposing its complexities to the application has been the target of very active and prolific research in the last years. Current multi-cores are designed as simple symmetric multiprocessors (SMP) on a chip. However, we believe that this is not enough to overcome all the problems that multi-cores already have to face. It is our position that the runtime has to drive the design of future multi-cores to overcome the restrictions in terms of power, memory, programmability and resilience that multi-cores have. In this paper, we introduce a first approach towards a Runtime-Aware Architecture (RAA), a massively parallel architecture designed from the runtime's perspective. ; This work has been partially supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's 7th FP, ERC Grant Agreement number 321253, by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under grant TIN2012-34557 and by the HiPEAC Network of Excellence. M. Moreto has been partially supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral fellowship number JCI- 2012-15047, and M. Casas is supported by the Secretary for Universities and Research of the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia and the Co-fund programme of the Marie Curie Actions of the 7th R&D Framework Programme of the European Union (Contract 2013 BP B 00243). ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

In the last few years, the traditional ways to keep the increase of hardware performance at the rate predicted by Moore's Law have vanished. When uni-cores were the norm, hardware design was decoupled from the software stack thanks to a well defined Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). This simple interface allowed developing applications without worrying too much about the underlying hardware, while hardware designers were able to aggressively exploit instruction-level parallelism (ILP) in superscalar processors. With the irruption of multi-cores and parallel applications, this simple interface started to leak. As a consequence, the role of decoupling again applications from the hardware was moved to the runtime system. Efficiently using the underlying hardware from this runtime without exposing its complexities to the application has been the target of very active and prolific research in the last years. Current multi-cores are designed as simple symmetric multiprocessors (SMP) on a chip. However, we believe that this is not enough to overcome all the problems that multi-cores already have to face. It is our position that the runtime has to drive the design of future multi-cores to overcome the restrictions in terms of power, memory, programmability and resilience that multi-cores have. In this paper, we introduce a first approach towards a Runtime-Aware Architecture (RAA), a massively parallel architecture designed from the runtime's perspective. ; This work has been partially supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's 7th FP, ERC Grant Agreement number 321253, by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under grant TIN2012-34557 and by the HiPEAC Network of Excellence. M. Moreto has been partially supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral fellowship number JCI- 2012-15047, and M. Casas is supported by the Secretary for Universities and Research of the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia and the Co-fund programme of the Marie Curie Actions of the 7th R&D Framework Programme of the European Union (Contract 2013 BP B 00243). ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

In recent years several serious near-misses with major hazard accident potential have happened on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, many of them hydrocarbon leaks. Research has shown that many of these are caused by manual intervention. Despite this fact, current focus in QRAs and have been for a long time, are on technical systems. This is despite recent trends showing no decline in risk level. A higher focus on barriers and operational conditions is encouraged by the government and with upcoming production installations in the Barents Sea and arctic waters where operational conditions can be much harder, this must be a priority. Due to the remoteness and lack of infrastructure, a major hazard accident in these areas will most likely have a higher consequence both in regards to environmental impact but also in regards to loss of lives. Based on this, the work in this thesis is an effort to further the work on human factors and influences from an arctic operational environment, and how to use this in a barrier management perspective by using the quantitative Risk OMT method. By using relevant theory on cold climate exposure and a few legislation demands, two new RIFs are suggested for cold climate operations. One for the weather exposure and named wind chill factor, and one representing other cold climate factors and exposures named fitness for duty. Risk reducing measures by using sensors and Ex-safe screens are also tested. The thesis also suggests how to incorporate the result from Risk OMT into a barrier display, but further suggestions are made towards a more real-time version. This is due to the rapidly changing nature of the risk influences. It also addresses the shortcomings within the field of human, operational, and organizational performance standards and performance requirements. The work in the thesis shows that there is a risk increase induced by the new RIFs based on the arctic operational environment and Risk OMT appears suitable to measure the human factor under such conditions. By use of importance measure and other output from the Risk OMT, good decision support for implementation of risk reducing measures could be provided.

The use of ammunition primed with depleted uranium is one of the hallmarks of modern combat operations, resulting in environmental contamination by particles of depleted uranium and uranium oxide, scattered around in the form of submicron-scale aerosols. This paper examined the protective effectiveness of the Serbian military's M3 protective face mask in relation to the presence of airborne depleted uranium and its by-products. Sodium chloride in solid aerosol form was used as a test substance and adequate physical simulator of such radioactive aerosols because its granulometric (particle) size distribution met the requirements of suitability as a simulator. Determination of aerosol concentration was carried out by flame photometry method, whilst granulometric distribution was determined by an electric particles analyzer. It was established that the total internal leakage of the M3 protective mask was as much a function of the penetration of particles through the combined M3 filter as of the leaks along the fitting line of the user's face mask and the inhalation valve. In terms of its protective effect against aerosols of depleted uranium and associated oxides, the Serbian M3 protective mask was determined to be of high efficiency and physiological suitability. ; Upotreba municije laborisane osiromašenim uranijumom predstavlja jedno od obeležja savremenih borbenih dejstava. Pri tome dolazi do kontaminacije životne sredine česticama osiromašenog uranijuma i oksidima uranijuma koje se raspršavaju u okolinu u formi aerosola submikronskih razmera. U radu je ispitivana efikasnost srpske vojne zaštitne maske M3 u odnosu na prisustvo osiromašenog uranijuma i njegovih produkata u vazduhu. Kao test supstancija i adekvatan fizički simulator ovakvih radioaktivnih aerosola korišćen je čvrsti aerosol NaCl čija granulometrijska raspodela veličine čestica ispunjava uslove za njegovu podobnost kao simulatora. Određivanje koncentracije ovih aerosola obavljeno je metodom plamene fotometrije, a granulometrijska raspodela električnim analizatorom čestica. Pokazano je da ukupno unutrašnje propuštanje zaštitne maske zavisi podjednako od prodiranja čestica kroz kombinovani filter M3, kao i od propuštanja na liniji naleganja obrazine na lice korisnika i kroz ventil izdisanja. Utvrđena je visoka efikasnost i fiziološka podobnost srpske zaštitne maske M3 u zaštiti od aerosola osiromašenog uranijuma i njegovih oksida.

The procurement of goods and services is the one of important factors for supporting the establishment of government's rod and development, which is written in the Rule of President Number 54 Year 2010. The procurement of government's goods and services cannot been separated from the struggle of the government to achieve their vision and mission. This struggle is implemented by doing this action according to the Rule of President Number 54 Year 2010. The procurement of government's good and services are easily influenced by corruption, colution, and nepotism that commonly found in birocracy. Those actions will give bad effects to the government's finance, because only few people consumes the money, but the others do not. Consummating of rules, training of understanding for the whole commitee of the procurement of government's goods and services, and fixing the process of government's good and services procurement which can be applied to reduce the leak of budget may be an important aspect to reform government's finance in these years. One of the strategies to reduce corruption, collusion, and nepotism, the government shall choose the staff according to President Rules Number 54 Year 2010, in order to make this condition better. Which are the strategies: 1. The recruitment of the staffs still influenced by the structural position, so the procurement of government's goods and services can be held without any corruption, transparently, and independently. 2. Mechanism of Direct Procurement as a new method of mechanism according to President Rule Number 54 Year 2010, which is the reform of President Decrit Number 80 Year 2003, is still needed to understand and implement. According to those problems, the writer will have some research to find out the conformity of the real procurement of goods and services in BPK-RI East Java province and the President Rule Number 54 Year 2010. The writer hopes this procedure may be held transparently, accountability, and well manage.Keyword: pengadaan barang dan jasa, perpres 54 Tahun 2010, good governance

Transparency is a key principle in democratic societies. For example, the public sector is in part kept honest and fair with the help of transparency through different freedom of information (FOI) legislations. In the last decades, while FOI legislations have been adopted by more and more countries worldwide, we have entered the information age enabled by the rapid development of information technology. This has led to the need for technological solutions that enhance transparency, for example to ensure that FOI legislation can be adhered to in the digital world. These solutions are called transparency-enhancing tools (TETs), and consist of both technological and legal tools. TETs, and transparency in general, can be in conflict with the privacy principle of data minimisation. The goal of transparency is to make information available, while the goal of data minimisation is to minimise the amount of available information. This thesis presents two privacy-preserving TETs: one cryptographic system forenabling transparency logging, and one cryptographic scheme for storing the data for the so called Data Track tool at a cloud provider. The goal of the transparency logging TET is to make data processing by data controllers transparent to the user whose data is being processed. Our work ensures that the process in which the data processing is logged does not leak sensitive information about the user, and thatthe user can anonymously read the information logged on their behalf. The goal of the Data Track is to make it transparent to users which data controllers they have disclosed data to under which conditions. Furthermore, the Data Track intends to empower users to exercise their rights, online and potentially anonymously, with regard to their disclosed data at the recipient data controllers. Our work ensures that the data kept by the Data Track can be stored at acloud storage provider, enabling easy synchronisation across multiple devices, while preserving the privacy of users by making their storage anonymous toward the provider and by enabling users to hold the provider accountable for the data it stores.

Inge Henningsen and Lis Højgaard: The Leaking Pipeline: Snapshots of gendered processes of in- and exclusions in the academic world.

Debates on the reasons for the well documented low participation of women in scientific research tend to follow two lines of argument: one that maintains that the low percentage of women in research is a result of few women in recruitment positions and that this will change as more women enter these positions, and one that maintains that a closer look at the statistics does not support this optimism because women's percentage in recruitment positions is not increasing as the pool of potential female researchers increases, or to put it metaphorically, "the pipeline is leaking women all along" (Alper 1993). This article investigates the mechanisms perpetuating the low participation of women in academic sciences, inspired by Alper's methaphor. It begins by describing the Danish educational system and structure of science education including gender ratios in the various disciplines. Second it identifies and describes a Danish verion of 'the leaky pipeline' from analyses of the ratios of women in science from high school through tenured positions. Finally it illustrates the cultural mechanisms at play in this process, based on the results of three studies. The first two analyze the educational cultures in physics and chemistry, and the third illustrates the gendering mechanisms at work in the institutional culture of medicine. The analysis shows that there is no single cause of the problem and no single point along the career path where women are excluded. Rather more women than men are excluded at all steps on the academic ladder. The problem is no longer manifest exclusion, but rather the working of subtle mechanisms, unintended consequences and the stubborn ingenuity of the symbolic order of gender. The 'leaks' are the result of the intersection and interaction of individually mediated negotiations of cultural prescriptions of gendered subjectivity and identities, organizational understandings and procedures embedded in specific university cultures, traditional of different science disciplines, and the systemic logic and political rationale of the education and research system.

Consider the following scenario: USA Oil, an American company incorporated in Delaware with its principal place of business in California, has been conducting ongoing oil drilling operations in the Gulf of Mexico. The company operates three oil platforms off the Texas coast. One is located two miles offshore, another six miles offshore, and the third ten miles offshore. Federal authorities receive notice that on several occasions since the company began operating these rigs, it deliberately allowed large quantities of oil to leak into the Gulf from each of them. The government seeks to indict USA Oil on three counts of violating the Clean Water Act, as amended by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. The U.S. Attorney's office in the Southern District of Texas coordinates the investigation as all relevant documents, witnesses, and evidence are located in that district. All of USA Oil's executive officers reside near the company's principal place of business in San Diego, in the Southern District of California. The rig foreman in charge of USA Oil's Gulf of Mexico operations at the time the violations occurred has since left the company and now lives and works for another company near Prudhoe Bay, in the District of Alaska. Where should the government file the indictments? The United States Constitution requires that the trial be held in the district in which the crime was committed, and the government must prove that venue is proper by a preponderance of the evidence. Failure to prove venue in a criminal trial precludes a conviction, and if a verdict of acquittal results from that failure, such failure leads to a double jeopardy bar to reindictment in the appropriate district. Therefore, the government must make an airtight determination at the outset of the prosecution as to where proper venue lies. There are three separate venue provisions for the trial of federal crimes. 18 U.S.C. § 3237 stipulates that venue for offenses begun in one district and completed in another, or for offenses committed in more than one ...

AbstractIntroductionHIV prevention cascades have been systematically evaluated in high‐income countries, but steps in the pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) service delivery cascade have not been systematically quantified in sub‐Saharan Africa. We analysed missed opportunities in the PrEP cascade in a large‐scale project serving female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM) and adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Kenya.MethodsProgrammatic surveillance was conducted using routine programme data from 89 project‐supported sites from February 2017 to December 2019, and complemented by qualitative data. Healthcare providers used nationally approved tools to document service statistics. The analyses examined proportions of people moving onto the next step in the PrEP continuum, and identified missed opportunities. Missed opportunities were defined as implementation gaps exemplified by the proportion of individuals who could have potentially accessed each step of the PrEP cascade and did not. We also assessed trends in the cascade indicators at monthly intervals. Qualitative data were collected through 28 focus group discussions with 241 FSW, MSM, AGYW and healthcare providers, and analysed thematically to identify reasons underpinning the missed opportunities.ResultsDuring the study period, 299,798 individuals tested HIV negative (211,927 FSW, 47,533 MSM and 40,338 AGYW). Missed opportunities in screening for PrEP eligibility was 58% for FSW, 45% for MSM and 78% for AGYW. Of those screened, 28% FSW, 25% MSM and 65% AGYW were ineligible. Missed opportunities for PrEP initiation were lower among AGYW (8%) compared to FSW (72%) and MSM (75%). Continuation rates were low across all populations at Month‐1 (ranging from 29% to 32%) and Month‐3 (6% to 8%). Improvements in average annual Month‐1 (from 26% to 41%) and Month‐3 (from 4% to 15%) continuation rates were observed between 2017 and 2019. While initiation rates were better among younger FSW, MSM and AGYW (<30 years), the reverse was true for continuation.ConclusionsThe application of a PrEP cascade framework facilitated this large‐scale oral PrEP programme to conduct granular programmatic analysis, detecting "leaks" in the cascade. These informed programme adjustments to mitigate identified gaps resulting in improvement of selected programmatic outcomes. PrEP programmes are encouraged to introduce the cascade analysis framework into new and existing programming to optimize HIV prevention outcomes.

Cloud computing has become a standard computational paradigm due its numerous advantages, including high availability, elasticity, and ubiquity. Both individual users and companies are adopting more of its services, but not without loss of privacy and control. Outsourcing data and computations to a remote server implies trusting its owners, a problem many end-users are aware. Recent news have proven data stored on Cloud servers is susceptible to leaks from the provider, third-party attackers, or even from government surveillance programs, exposing users' private data. Different approaches to tackle these problems have surfaced throughout the years. Naïve solutions involve storing data encrypted on the server, decrypting it only on the client-side. Yet, this imposes a high overhead on the client, rendering such schemes impractical. Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) has emerged as a novel research topic in recent years, allowing efficient querying and updating over encrypted datastores in Cloud servers, while retaining privacy guarantees. Still, despite relevant recent advances, existing SSE schemes still make a critical trade-off between efficiency, security, and query expressiveness, thus limiting their adoption as a viable technology, particularly in large-scale scenarios. New technologies providing Isolated Execution Environments (IEEs) may help improve SSE literature. These technologies allow applications to be run remotely with privacy guarantees, in isolation from other, possibly privileged, processes inside the CPU, such as the operating system kernel. Prominent example technologies are Intel SGX and ARM TrustZone, which are being made available in today's commodity CPUs. In this thesis we study these new trusted hardware technologies in depth, while exploring their application to the problem of searching over encrypted data, primarily focusing in SGX. In more detail, we study the application of IEEs in SSE schemes, improving their efficiency, security, and query expressiveness. We design, implement, and evaluate three new SSE schemes for different query types, namely Boolean queries over text, similarity queries over image datastores, and multimodal queries over text and images. These schemes can support queries combining different media formats simultaneously, envisaging applications such as privacy-enhanced medical diagnosis and management of electronic-healthcare records, or confidential photograph catalogues, running without the danger of privacy breaks in Cloud-based provisioned services.

This is the final version of the article. Available from EGU via the DOI in this record. ; Current global models of the carbon (C) cycle consider only vertical gas exchanges between terrestrial or oceanic reservoirs and the atmosphere, thus not considering the lateral transport of carbon from the continents to the oceans. Therefore, those models implicitly consider all of the C which is not respired to the atmosphere to be stored on land and hence overestimate the land C sink capability. A model that represents the whole continuum from atmosphere to land and into the ocean would provide a better understanding of the Earth's C cycle and hence more reliable historical or future projections. A first and critical step in that direction is to include processes representing the production and export of dissolved organic carbon in soils. Here we present an original representation of dissolved organic C (DOC) processes in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES-DOCM) that integrates a representation of DOC production in terrestrial ecosystems based on the incomplete decomposition of organic matter, DOC decomposition within the soil column, and DOC export to the river network via leaching. The model performance is evaluated in five specific sites for which observations of soil DOC concentration are available. Results show that the model is able to reproduce the DOC concentration and controlling processes, including leaching to the riverine system, which is fundamental for integrating terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Future work should include the fate of exported DOC in the river system as well as DIC and POC export from soil. ; The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 643052 (C-CASCADES project). We want to thank Altaf Arain, Tim Moore, and Gerd Glexiner for providing the DOC measurements. Ronny Lauerwald received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 703813 for the Marie Sklodowska-Curie European Individual Fellowship "C-Leak". Jing Tang is financed by a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action Individual Fellowship (MABVOC: 707187) and supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100). Marta Camino-Serrano acknowledges funding from the European Research Council Synergy grant ERC-2013-SyG-610028 IMBALANCE-P.

In 2013 I 'reactivated' Pauline Pantsdown, a satirical character I had inhabited in the late 1990s, as a virtual political activist on social media. Over the past four years I've orchestrated my followers in a series of action campaigns around issues of race, gender and sexuality, utilising episodic narrative; visual/text memes and consumer boycotts via the use of available online tools and offline collaborations/protest. In September 2016, I orchestrated a shutdown of a proposed 'Australian Christian Lobby' (ACL) meeting at the Mercure Hotel, targeting their attacks on specific transgender children. It eventuated afterwards that this was to have been the inaugural meeting of the "same-sex marriage" plebiscite "No" campaign, to be attended by the ACL; the heads of the Sydney Catholic and Anglican Dioceses, and other groups. Several weeks of attacks by "The Australian" newspaper and its News Limited subsidiaries followed, including a front page 'Australian' article; seven opinion columns; several Sky News TV editorials; a Bill Leak cartoon of LGBTI activists as Nazis; false accusations of violent threats and death threats; and a campaign to have me fired from my job as a UNSW lecturer. I want to examine my and News Limited's radically different narrative constructions of these events (and other stories involving LGBTI activists); the place of the Pantsdown icon with these narratives; the mechanisms of memes and web design in creating unusual bridges between social and "mainstream" media – for example, the embedding of social media in news articles, and my use of the Facebook "Notes" format to publicly file a report about the Australian Christian Lobby to the Federal Police. Background references : Protest at 'Australian Christian Lobby' conference 23.4.16https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BfBr9rS1us0 Same-Sex Marriage Event off : Threats to hotel staff (The Australian, 17.9.16) http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/samesex-marriage-event-off-threats-to-hotel-staff/news-story/d45bd0f9e9a774fc3e3d0741f176da13 ACT Policing : Background to Lyle Shelton's previous claims of 'death threats' & 'violent threats'. (Facebook notes , 6.1.17) https://www.facebook.com/notes/pauline-pantsdown/act-policing-background-to-lyle-sheltons-previous-claims-of-death-threats-violen/873872706087720/ Hyatt Hotel defends booking for Australian Christian Lobby's anti-gay marriage conference (Canberra Times 21.10.14)http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/hyatt-hotel-defends-booking-for-australian-christian-lobbys-antigay-marriage-conference-20141021-1196rn.html

International audience ; —Hardware Trojans (HT) inserted in integrated circuits have received special attention of researchers. In this paper, we present firstly a novel HT detection technique based on path delays measurements. A delay model, which considers intra-die process variations, is established for a net. Secondly, we show how to detect HT using ElectroMagnetic (EM) measurements. We study the HT detection probability according to its size taking into account the inter-die process variations with a set of FPGA. The results show, for instance, that there is a probability greater than 95% with a false negative rate of 5% to detect a HT larger than 1.7% of the original circuit. I. Introduction The trust and security of Integrated Circuits (IC) design and fabrication is critical for sensitive fields like finance, health, and governmental communications. Due to the complexity and the high cost of IC fabrication cycle, more and more firms outsource their production. This trend gives a possibility for an adversary to introduce malicious circuit, called Hardware Trojan horse (HT), in any IC. It can either perform a Denial Of Service (DOS), deteriorate circuit performance [8], or steal sensitive information. Therefore, the HTs are considered a real threat which has gained attention from researchers. HT can be inserted at any point during the design or fabrication process from Register Transfer Level (RTL) to layout and circuit fabrication. For example in [11], authors show some techniques to insert malicious circuitry at RTL level. These HTs, which are activated with a specific pattern inputs, can leak secret key via RS232 channels. The HT, unlike a software trojan, cannot be removed once it is fabricated. So, it is better to proactively prevent the insertion of a HT: few methods have been proposed. One seminal work is known as " private circuits II " [9]. This paper describes a proof-of-concept, too costly to be implemented. A more reasonable option has been recently proposed in [5]: it uses two codes to encode the state and mix it with encoded randomness, which allows to prevent an easy triggering and has a detection capability. Otherwise it is important to detect it before it becomes effective. Previous works classify detection methods into two wide categories: destructive and non-destructive. Invasive methods destroy the chip to reconstruct successfully the GDSII and

Master's thesis in Risk management and societal safety ; In recent years the concept of protracted crises has emerged. Countries in protracted crises are characterized by long-term crises conditions and leak the developmental and sustainable movement to get out of the crises. Haiti is one of these country who is additionally deeply dependent on foreign aid. To be able to develop, capacity building has become more relevant when NGOs enter humanitarian crises. Capacity building is the strengthening and empowering of people in crises through long-term effective programs and projects that will not harm the society in crises, but rather contribute to a sustainable development. By increasing peoples knowledge on topics like politics, human rights, gender issues and health, for example, as well as giving them the possibility to evolve, local communities can become strengthened and more self-aware. This process might trigger a long-term movement that can get a country out of a crisis. This thesis is an explorative study into the everyday practices of the women's network Manman Troll at Project Haiti in Port au Prince, Haiti. The research is based on fieldwork in Haiti in March 2015. Empirical data has been gathered from the participants of the women's network Manman Troll. The study intends to address the research problem: How international NGOs can support the strengthening of local capacities in a protracted crisis. Capacity building as the ends to trigger developmental change in humanitarian long-term crises has been used as a tool to measure the effects of Manman Troll on the participants' lives. The degree of participation in the projects program, as well as learning opportunities, empowerment and sustainable development has been key elements throughout the thesis. Key findings from the research suggest that a stepwise approach towards building capacities in crises seems to have long-term sustainable effects on the programs participants. This also results in effects for the society in Haiti due to increased and shared knowledge about topics like human rights, gender-based violence, politics and health related issues. Furthermore, an NGO with roots in the Haitian society seems to meet the requirements to implement projects by being sensitive to societal problems like one could find in protracted crisis Haiti.