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This research aims to study, firstly, the context and pattern in the conflict management on natural resources in the Salaween river basin community Secondly, to study the dimension and strategy that community use in solving conflict, and lastly, to study both weak/strongpoint of the old conflict management form in order to improve the conflict management in the community. The qualitative research methodology was used through the key informants both from inside and outside the community. The research tools used in this study were as follows: Participated and Non-Participated Observation, Examine Interview and Focus group. The data was analyzed, in the restricted frame, by following the Conflict and Conflict Resolution Management concept, The Structure and Duty Theory, Networking concept, Miller's concept on Relation between Human and Ecological System, The Sustainable Development concept, The Participation concept, and Philosophy of the Sufficiency Economy. Following the research theory and concept flamwork.The result found in this study was 4 types of the conflicts on the natural resources in the Salaween basin in Om-Koi district area as follows: Conflict between the community and the state, conflict between community and community nearby, conflict within the community, and conflict between the community and the economically influential people. The conflict management patterns that people used were adjusting the old tradition and informal negotiation, networking, building the community organization, and co-management. The dimensions used were cultural, social, political and economical dimension. Their strategy used was through strong leaders, participation from the community, network and community organization. The pattern that is suitable to manage the conflict on the natural resources in the Salaween river basin in Om-Koi district area is the co-management between community, state, community organization, community learning group, local learning network, the natural resources and environment management model project, and also to follow Majesty the King's idea project on sufficiency economy in the area. ; การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาบริบทและรูปแบบการจัดการความขัดแย้งด้านทรัพยากรธรรมชาติในชุมชนลุ่มน้ำสาละวิน การใช้มิติ กลไก จุดอ่อน/จุดแข็งของรูปแบบการจัดการความขัดแย้งที่มีอยู่เดิม เพื่อพัฒนารูปแบบการจัดการความขัดแย้งด้านทรัพยากรธรรมชาติของชุมชน โดยวิธีการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพกลุ่มตัวอย่างคือ ผู้ให้ข้อมูลหลักในชุมชนและนอกชุมชน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัยครั้งนี้คือ การสังเกตแบบมีส่วนร่วมและแบบไม่มีส่วนร่วม การสัมภาษณ์แบบเจาะลึก และการสนทนากลุ่ม วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยใช้แนวคิดความขัดแย้งและการจัดการความขัดแย้ง ทฤษฏีโครงสร้างและการหน้าที่ แนวคิดเกี่ยวกับครือข่าย แนวคิดความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างระบบมนุษย์กับระบบนิเวศของ Miller แนวการพัฒนาที่ยั่งยืน แนวคิดการมีส่วนร่วม และปรัชญาของเศรษฐกิจพอเพียง โดยวิเคราะห์ตามกรอบแนวคิดทฤษฏีที่กำหนด ผลการวิจัยพบว่า ชุมชนในลุ่มน้ำสาละวินพื้นที่อำเภออมก๋อย มีความขัดแย้งด้านทรัพยากรธรรมชาติ 4 ลักษณะ คือความขัดแย้งระหว่างชุมชนกับรัฐ ความขัดแย้งระหว่างชุมชนใกล้เคียง ความขัดแย้งภายในชุมชน และความขัดแย้งระหว่างชุมชนกับผู้มีอิทธพลทางเศรษฐกิจ โดยมีรูปแบบการจัดการความขัดแย้ง คือ การปรับใช้ประเพณีที่มีอยู่เดิมและการเจรจาตกลงที่ไม่เป็นทางการ การสร้างเครือข่าย องค์กรชุมชนและการมีส่วนร่วม มิติที่ใช้ได้แก่มิติทางวัฒนธรรม ทางสังคม ทางการเมือง ทางเศรษฐกิจ ทางเครือข่ายและมิติความยั่งยืน โดยใช้กลไกทางสังคม วัฒนธรรม เครือข่ายและฐานอำนาจรูปแบบที่เหมาะสมในการจัดการความขัดแย้งด้านทรัพยากรของชุมชนในลุ่มน้ำสาละวินพื้นที่อำเภออมก๋อยคือ การจัดการร่วมระหว่างชุมชน รัฐ และองค์กรเอกชน เป็นชุมชนแห่งการเรียนรู้ ใช้เครือข่ายการเรียนรู้ของท้องถิ่น โครงการต้นแบบการจัดการทรัพยากรและสิ่งแวดล้อมที่น้อมนำโครงการตามพระราชดำริและแนวคิดเศรษฐกิจพอเพียงมาปฏิบัติในพื้นที่

In 1990, the Human Relations Foundation of Chicago was created in response to a publication called Report on Race, Ethnic and Religious Tensions in Chicago, released by the Chicago Community Trust Human Relations Task Force in 1989. The human relations task force released recommendations for the creation of a foundation to energize efforts to combat racism. The Human Relations Foundation of Chicago implements the recommendations of the task force's report, targeting Chicago leadership by concentrating on issues related to, but not limited to, housing, education, religion, media, government and business. Continued racial and ethnic segregation has continuing implications for the social, political, cultural, and economic vitality of Chicago region. Not only does this segregation affect how and where residents of our communities interact with each other, but by limiting free access to housing, education, and jobs a significant portion of the region's population is being held back from sharing in opportunities and from realizing their full potential social, economic, cultural, and political contributions to Chicago and its surrounding communities. This report demonstrates the reality of such concentrations, and analyzes why they persist. We are particularly interested in assessing the impact of housing discrimination on job and wealth opportunities for people of color. Findings and recommendations are drawn from reports on this subject written since the last series of reports commissioned by the Human Relations Foundation of Chicago in 1990.

People affected by HIV and AIDS face risks which secure livelihood can enable them to avoid. At-risk groups and the type of risks differ between locations and over time. Opportunities to (re)build livelihoods are also diverse and context-specific. Supportive policies and programmes must therefore be responsive to these differences and to people's and communities' innovative capacities. This study assesses how five Ethiopian NGOs: one AIDS service organisation, one PLHIV network, one microfinance institution (MFI), one development NGO, and one faith-based NGO engaged in strengthening livelihoods in communities confronting HIV and AIDS identified at-risk groups, priorities for livelihood support, and responded to needs. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with purposefully selected beneficiaries, non-beneficiaries, and key informants. Findings show that the organisations support livelihoods in very different ways and have adopted different approaches in the way they organise, provide and attempt to ensure the sustainability of the support. However, support is often based on limited experience since there are no guidelines and proper monitoring and evaluation and feedback mechanisms are absent. All of the organisations did not conduct meaningful needs assessments, leading to the proliferation of stereotyped responses targeting stereotyped populations while other groups at significant risk of HIV are ignored. The organisations have also largely failed to keep AIDS in perspective since groups facing other challenges are rarely supported. Local innovations and suggestions from beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries are given little attention. This failure to draw on local innovation means that less effective activities are supported and productive relationships between organisations and communities are undermined. Nevertheless, there is an immense opportunity for evaluation and learning from these diverse practices.

Using online knowledge communities (OKCs) as informal learning environments poses the question how likely these will integrate newcomers as peripheral participants. Previous research has identified surface characteristics of the OKC dialog as integrativity predictors. Yet, little is known about the role of dialogic textual complexity. This contribution proposes a comprehensive approach based on previously validated textual complexity indexes and applies it to predict OKC integrativity. The dialog analysis of N = 14 blogger communities with a total of 1937 participants identified three main components of textual complexity: dialog participation, structure and cohesion. From these, dialog cohesion was higher in integrative OKCs, thus significantly predicting OKC integrativity. This result adds to previous OKC research by uncovering the depth of OKC discourse. For educational practice, the study suggests a way of empowering learners by automatically assessing the integrativity of OKCs in which they may attempt to participate and access community knowledge. ; This study is part of the RAGE project. The RAGE project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 644187. This publication reflects only the author's view. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

The article is devoted to an actual problem – distance learning. Distance learning is a qualitatively new progressive type of training based on modern information technologies and means of communication, the rapid surge of which is caused by the pandemic that has engulfed most of the planet.
Interest in the study of the realities of post-industrial society is dictated by the need to study the nature of the transformations that occur with a person under the influence of those technological changes that have penetrated into all spheres of human existence: on the one hand, a new environment is being formed, opening up unlimited opportunities for the accumulation and transmission of information, communication in electronic network communities, on the other – these acquisitions carry potential threats and risks in both the distant and foreseeable future, and to a greater extent, in our opinion, the expected consequences of global modernization pose the greatest threat to such a specific area as education.
The subject that caused the greatest number of the most acute discussions was the impact of distance learning on the quality of training of future specialists, on the degree of development of their communication skills. The main task of the article is to justify and argue distance learning as a new form of learning, to identify its problems and positive aspects.
The article presents an analysis of theoretical approaches to distance learning for Russian and foreign researchers. Based on the results of a sociological study, the attitude of students to distance learning is revealed, and their assessment of the degree of development of their own communication skills in remote learning is obtained. The authors conclude that distance learning to a certain extent becomes a risk factor, depriving students of the opportunity to develop the qualities that modern conditions require of them: self-organization, self-control, and communication skills. Despite the fact that distance learning has become an integral part of the educational process, we are convinced that this form should only be a part, a component of the educational process, a "safety cushion" in a situation of force majeure. The leading form of educational classes at the university should remain the traditional classroom form of conducting classes as the only form that can prepare a person for life and successful functioning in a risk society

The background for this thesis stems from the limited research into; and the challenges associated with development of preparedness in the Arctic. The main thesis question to answer is "How could social relations and cultivation of tacit knowledge improve preparedness in the Arctic?". The thesis question is derived from the literature review and initial results of the pre-study of this thesis. The theoretical framework for this thesis is springs out of acknowledged literature within the fields of preparedness and organizational learning. The literature chapter starts with discussing the current state of the fields, including ongoing debates, different perspectives and approaches. Following up with a presentation of Communities of Practice as a concept for building social relations through shared experience and common goals, before presenting an approach to management of tacit knowledge. Concluding with a condensation of the literature discussion resulting in the analytical approach for this thesis. The thesis is performed as a qualitative case-study and sources its data from semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. The empirical findings are presented and analyzed thematically in relation to the underlying research questions. The findings suggest that preparedness organizations learn through both individuals, within the organization and that learning can be achieved between organizations as well. Other findings suggest that social relations and arenas like one could cultivate through Communities of practice, can be a potent asset for cultivation, harnessing, development and sharing of tacit knowledge. Through conscious management of tacit knowledge findings suggest that preparedness could be improved and developed even further. In conclusion social relations and arenas can contribute to development of tacit knowledge, which in turn, through proper management can be deployed back to new and existing individuals within an organization. Through these processes the inherent preparedness can develop even further and be better suited to meet the complex challenges of tomorrow.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Smart Community: Concepts and Applications presents the evolution, challenges, and limitations of the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence to intelligent systems and smart communities

Professional learning communities (PLCs) have become commonplace in K-12 schools for helping teachers collaborate to build their professional capacities and address school-based problems. However, rigorous research on the key components, mechanisms, and impact of PLCs has been limited overall, with virtually no research conducted on PLCs with school social workers (SSW). This article examines the first-year experiences of school mental health professionals (SMHP) in a two-year PLC made up largely of SSW from an array of schools and districts throughout metropolitan Chicago. Drawing on qualitative data gathered from three rounds of in-depth interviews with participants during the first year of the PLC, we find that the PLC drew participants who sought specific opportunities through the PLC to improve their knowledge and skills to lead their schools in advancing social, emotional, and mental health (SEMH) services and supports in their schools. Through the professional camaraderie they quickly found among their PLC colleagues, participants engaged collaboratively to develop an array of interventions for their schools, strengthened their professional capacities, and enhanced their sense of professional self-efficacy. By the end of the first year, participants overwhelmingly cited their PLC experiences as beneficial to reducing SMHP professional isolation, creating a supportive, resource-rich group of SMHP colleagues, and rejuvenating their commitment to the profession and their ability to lead their schools in advancing SEMH services and supports. Implications for further research on PLCs and advancing the professional development of SSW are discussed.

During a design process, a student of architecture learns how to communicate with various tools, understanding the problem and reflect his/her own solution and how to work together with his/her peers. To be able to examine how a student of architecture learn, communicate and act in a networked environment, this study analyses an architectural theory lesson as a case study in consideration of ACAD (Goodyear Carvalho, 2014) framework. An online assistant acts as an observer of the online platform of the course used as a case study, analyses the 14-week course according to ACAD framework. As a conclusion, students can learn collaboratively by articulating and sharing their ideas while they follow their education if they have a chance to frame their own curriculum, and they also continue to share their experience and expertise through discussion and dialog with the help of online communities after they had graduated.

The climate change induced increased warming of the Arctic is leading to an accelerated thawing of permafrost, which can cause ground subsidence. In consequence, buildings and other infrastructure of local settlements are endangered from destabilization and collapsing in many Arctic regions. The increase of the exploitation of Arctic natural resources has led to the establishment of large industrial infrastructures that are at risk likewise. Most of the human activity in the Arctic is located near permafrost coasts. The thawing of coastal permafrost additionally leads to coastal erosion, which makes Arctic coastal settlements even more vulnerable. The European Union (EU) Horizon2020 project "Nunataryuk" aims to assess the impacts of thawing land, coast and subsea permafrost on the climate and on local communities in the Arctic. One task of the project is to determine the impacts of permafrost thaw on coastal Arctic infrastructures and to provide appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies. For that purpose, a circumpolar account of infrastructure is needed. During recent years, the two polar-orbiting Sentinel-2 satellites of the Copernicus program of the EU have been acquiring multi-spectral imagery at high spatial and temporal resolution. Sentinel-2 data is a common choice for land cover mapping. Most land cover products only include one class for built-up areas, however. The fusion of optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data for land cover mapping has gained more and more attention over the last years. By combining Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 SAR data, the classification of multiple types of infrastructure can be anticipated. Another emerging trend is the application machine learning and deep learning methods for land cover mapping. We present an automated workflow for downloading, processing and classifying Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 data in order to map coastal infrastructure with circum-Arctic extent, developed on a highly performant virtual machine (VM) provided by the Copernicus Research and User ...

The article is dedicated to the development of the political communities in social networks analysis methods. Main stages of network approach in the political science is described in the research. Researchers review the most significant methods and techniques in the political online communities studies for the last decade. The article shows the contemporary Russian scientists contribution in the development of online communities learning techniques. Networks and social network analysis methods and techniques become universal scientific approaches for several scientific fields. Boundary-transcending trends were critical means of science integration. Researchers present the results of experiment in which evaluate the possibilities of study unobserved political groups using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model. The brief LDA foundation history and possible modifications for social topic modeling based on social networks data are discribed in the review. Using sample from one feed aggregator telegram channel in period of 2020 autumn, the authors display the most valuable topics in the Russian segment of political communication. Also it provides communities ideological preferences. Modified qualitative sociological methods can be used in online political communities discursive features research without any specific computer science techniques. Since about 70% of the Internet data are generated in the social networks, velocity and volume data necessitate new data mining techniques, databases capacity and computation processes. In other words, it provides a big data approach in social network analysis.

Purpose – While there is some agreement on the usefulness of systems and complexity approaches to tackle the sustainability challenges facing the organisations and governments in the twenty-first century, less is clear regarding the way such approaches can inspire new ways of governance for sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to progress ongoing research using the Viable System Model (VSM) as a meta-language to facilitate long-term sustainability in business, communities and societies, using the "Methodology to support self-transformation", by focusing on ways of learning about governance for sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – It summarises core self-governance challenges for long-term sustainability, and the organisational capabilities required to face them, at the "Framework for Assessing Sustainable Governance". This tool is then used to analyse capabilities for governance for sustainability at three real situations where the mentioned Methodology inspired bottom up processes of self-organisation. It analyses the transformations decided from each organisation, in terms of capabilities for sustainable governance, using the suggested Framework. Findings – Core technical lessons learned from using the framework are discussed, include the usefulness of using a unified language and tool when studying governance for sustainability in differing types and scales of case study organisations. Research limitations/implications – As with other exploratory research, it reckons the convenience for further development and testing of the proposed tools to improve their reliability and robustness. Practical implications – A final conclusion suggests that the suggested tools offer a useful heuristic path to learn about governance for sustainability, from a VSM perspective; the learning from each organisational self-transformation regarding governance for sustainability is insightful for policy and strategy design and evaluation; in particular the possibility of comparing situations from different scales and types of organisations. Originality/value – There is very little coherence in the governance literature and the field of governance for sustainability is an emerging field. This piece of exploratory research is valuable as it presents an effective tool to learn about governance for sustainability, based in the "Methodology for Self-Transformation"; and offers reflexions on applications of the methodology and the tool, that contribute to clarify the meaning of governance for sustainability in practice, in organisations from different scales and types.

Enjoying control over knowledge production, epistemic communities are central to international politics in guiding decision-maker learning. Yet, we do not understand fully the extent of epistemic community influence on diverse issue areas and the ways in which they drive international regimes. To illustrate an epistemic community's impact, we investigate the role of experts in the EU, the OSCE and the Council of Europe within the European minority rights regime. Conceptually, we argue that a hierarchy among experts matters for the epistemic community's influence via policy innovation, diffusion and persistence. Empirically, we track the operation of these mechanisms in the context of EU enlargement as experts on minority rights influence standard-setting, monitoring and standard expansion. Adapted from the source document.

Education is a right for every individual, but sometimes not everyone can get the education as expected. Forest edge communities residing in Pesawahan Hamlet, Gunung Lurah Village, Banyumas Regency are examples of people who cannot enjoy the beauty of education properly. The condition of remote areas, with access to transportation that is quite difficult, and the absence of telecommunications signals increasingly makes it difficult for forest edge communities to obtain proper education. MTs Pakis is a school that was built in the area of Pesawahan Hamlet as an effort to provide better education services for forest edge communities. The school has two methods of education and learning, namely formal education and learning methods and agroforestry education and learning methods. The agroforestry education method is carried out because of the condition of students who must continue to help their parents in the fields and rice fields even though they attend school. With agroforestry education, students not only receive subject matter indoors, but also gain expertise and skills related to agriculture and animal husbandry. This is done so that students get provisions for their daily lives.