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Adult education first started at the beginning of the 20th century when it became mandatory to improve the educational level of the adult trainees and also to train them professionally, culturally and socially (Kokkos, 2005). Especially during the last decades, globalization along with the technological advancements, demands continuous education and training due to the high competition and to the need to improve the economy. Besides that, social reasons urge adult education such as sudden social changes in our contemporary society (migration for financial reasons, social exclusion as a result of unemployment, etc). The adults have unique features and needs which make Adult Education an independent scientific field.

In the context of e-learning many learning theories used in the physical classroom situation, including learning in a community adaptive, collaborative, scaffolding, and scenario learning, have been adopted and validated. Based on these learning theories, an electronic platform and
set of procedures for applying a hybrid e-learning model to an internationally accredited training course in industry was explored, developed, and evaluated for this study. This hybrid e-learning system provided electronic, illustration, group learning, comprehension, and workshop learning
units and complied with the training objectives of the designated course. The validation of this model was positive and the results indicated that the proposed hybrid e-learning course could be further improved by taking into consideration individual learners' attributes.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of learning theories to adult and non-formal educational programmes. Adult and non-formal education is a kind of educational activities targeted at those who are regarded as adults by the society they belongs with the aim to developing their socio-economic and political status, so they can contribute their quota to the development of their immediate environment and society at large. The advanced nature of adult learners makes their learning activities to be more different from the children learning environment. This is because of maturity, bulk of experiences and sense of professionalism they bring to learning environment that make facilitators sees them as partners in progress. Efforts are made in this study to discuss the concept of adult and non-formal education as well as various learning theories that must be valued in adult learning environments. The paper, therefore, conclude that facilitators and organizers of adult education programme must ensure the strict application of these learning theories for effective adult teaching and learning environment. DOI:10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n1p261

The predominant ontological position on agency in policy learning literature has been relatively learner-oriented, thus focusing on policy actors puzzling about policy problems. In other words, it focuses on how actors acquire, translate, and disseminate knowledge and information to address policy problems or 'puzzles'. However, despite its influence on learning and its outcomes, policy actors' powering, or agency in shaping learning processes has been scarcely explored or theorised. Drawing on policy learning literature, this article explores and demarcates the concept of 'policy learning governance' as a supplementary perspective to the learner-oriented view of agency in policy learning research. Here, learning governance can be understood as the deliberate processes by which policy actors strategise, design, and govern policy learning processes towards achieving technical or political objectives. This article explains how integrating a learning governance perspective into existing conceptual approaches to policy learning can provide a better basis for understanding the interactions between different constitutive elements of policy learning processes and outcomes, such as policy or belief change. In this way, it offers a more robust baseline for explaining learning processes, an advancement that has significant implications for both policy learning theory and practice.

Las redes sociales para el aprendizaje de lenguas (resal) han creado nuevos modelos de aprendizaje, de interacción social y de experiencias de aprendizaje. Este estudio se centra en Busuu —una resal bastante conocida— y examina las perspectivas de aprendizaje que subyacen al diseño semiótico del mismo. El artículo parte de la premisa según la cual la composición semiótica de cualquier medio de comunicación posiciona y promulga ciertas formas de tratamiento, adquisición y aprendizaje de los contenidos, y se basa en fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de la investigación etnográfica y la semiótica social multimodal para analizar el sitio web. Una de las principales conclusiones del estudio indica que Busuu constituye un sistema ecológico de espacios semióticos entretejidos, donde los elementos y principios pedagógicos de las diferentes teorías del aprendizaje de lenguas —conductista, cognitiva, constructivista— se amalgaman de manera conflictiva y, al mismo tiempo, complementaria.

Abstract: This single case study concerns an 11-year-old girl, Agata, who recently moved to a rural community in the United States from the Philippines. Agata is profoundly deaf, has had no access to amplification, and has had very limited access to language and formal school. The journey through the next year, including the COVID-19 pandemic, saw Agata's language and literacy skills blossom at an unexpected rate. The study examines the how and why of Agata's progress by using multiple sources of both quantitative and qualitative data. A conceptual framework of both direct instruction theory (Engelmann & Carnine, 1982) and resilience theory (Garmezy, 1993) was used to systematically analyze the factors that contributed to Agata's growth and offer a more thorough understanding of the complex challenges and potential successes in supporting students from Asian communities who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing (d/DHH).

AbstractPolitical participation is central to liberal democracy, yet there are substantial variations in the levels of participation observable among different social groups. Empirical theories explain these variations by the different socio-economic resources individuals possess and by their resulting levels of trust and efficacy in the political system. By contrast, social learning theories see these differences in participation as stemming from the values that individuals absorb from the political culture. This article uses Australia—an established liberal democracy with a large immigrant population—as a case study to evaluate these two theories. The results show that immigrants socialized in countries lacking continuous democratic traditions have greater political trust, but also display more authoritarian values. Differences emerge not only in the type of participation being analyzed, but among ethnic groups. The findings support the view that the resource and social learning theories are complementary rather than exclusive explanations for political participation.

This study explores the usefulness of complexity thinking/enactivism and social movement learning theories to explain the learning of a commitment to social justice of two white, female, privileged adult educators. Analysis of their life history data showed the value of understanding learning as simultaneous, nested learning processes that co-emerge with the learning context. Theories of learning within social movements were also useful to explain some of the participants' learning through individual and collective levels of learning, politicized experience, and identity development.