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This chapter of the course manual in jurisprudence discloses the notion of legal consciousness. Comprehending law, legislation, principal state and legal institutes manifests itself in law enforcement. One shouldn't absolutize the role of legislation as it is, since it is only after texts of normative acts go through the prism of legal consciousness of the actor's personality, they convert into some behaviour patterns. Legal consciousness has a definite structure, it is divided into levels. Legal ideology and legal psychology appear as levels of legal culture. A significant part in law enforcement and all of its realization forms is assigned to classifications of legal consciousness according to a number of subjects (group, individual, mass consciousness), and according to the content (common, professional, doctrinal consciousness). Legal culture is considered as legal consciousness with a positive content.

The changes in communication technology have hugely increased the interaction over geographical distances; hence given rise to new kinds of social relations in need of legal regulation by transnational law law valid across the jurisdictional borders of the nation state, and applied within. Law is therefore no longer mainly a national matter, and without an understanding of different legal cultures, the perception of the contemporary legal order will be incomplete. In the present era of internationalisation of law, the purpose of applying legal culture as an analytical tool is, in short, to make different notions of law and how law operates in society understandable to such an extent that they do not form obstacles for cooperation. This approach to legal culture takes it out of a purely academic setting and into the legal world outside the ivory tower. This means taking legal culture out of books and into action. This book aims at supplying the reader with tools to operationalize legal cultural knowledge in the everyday operations of law. In other words, the book you hold in your hands right now is produced with the ambition of managing the unmanageable concept of legal culture, and by this making it applicable when deciding the content of law

Diese Historiographie der Yoruba Rechtskultur ist die Erste ihrer Art. Die Verankerung der Yoruba-Kulturgeschichte in der Literatur als auch die Praxis der Rechtsprechung spiegeln die Bandbreite des Yoruba-Rechts wider. Das Werk orientiert sich am modernen wissenschaftlichen Standard und benennt Persönlichkeiten der Rechtsvertretung. Es richtet sich besonders an Studierende der Ethnologie, Ethnosoziologie und Rechtswissenschaften. (DÜI-Gbd)

Marius Mikkel Kjølstad and Sören Koch, Introduction -- Jørn Øyrehagen Sunde, Legal Culture – Ideas of and Expectations to Law made Operational by Institutional(-like) Practices -- Tina Soliman Hunter, An Introduction to Australian Legal Culture -- Konrad Lachmayer and Niklas Sonntag, An Introduction to Austrian Legal Culture -- Bruno Debaenst, An Introduction to Belgian Legal Culture -- Lana Bubalo, An Introduction to the Legal Cultures of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia (Western Balkan) -- JIANG Dong, An Introduction to Chinese Legal Culture -- Catalina Vallejo Piedrahíta, Tania Luna Blanco and Olga Velásquez Ocampo, An Introduction to Colombian Legal Culture -- Niels Graaf, An Introduction to Dutch Legal Culture -- Christian N.K. Franklin, A Legal Cultural "Take" on the Legal System of England & Wales -- Merike Ristikivi, Andreas Kangur, Irene Kull, Katre Luhamaa, Marin Sedman †, Hesi Siimets-Gross and Age Värv, An Introduction to Estonian Legal Culture -- Eyob Awash Gebremariam and Mulu Beyene Kidanemariam, An Introduction to Ethiopian Legal Culture -- Johann Ruben Leiss, An Introduction to EU Legal Culture -- Anna Nylund, An Introduction to Finnish Legal Culture -- Sunniva Cristina Bragdø-Ellenes and Iris Nguyên Duy, An Introduction to French Legal Culture -- Sören Koch, An Introduction to German Legal Culture -- Daniel Haitas, An Introduction to Hungarian Legal Culture -- Esmeralda Colombo and Lars Kvestad, An Introduction to Italian Legal Culture -- Monica Naime and Juan Luis Cervantes, An Introduction to Mexican Legal Culture -- Marius Mikkel Kjølstad, Sören Koch and Jørn Øyrehagen Sunde, An Introduction to Norwegian Legal Culture -- Anna Klimaszewska, Anna Machnikowska and Sören Koch, An Introduction to Polish Legal Culture -- Andrew R C Simpson, An Introduction to Scottish Legal Culture -- José María de Dios Marcer and José Cañabate Pérez, An Introduction to Spanish Legal Culture -- Axel Jonsson, An Introduction to Swedish Legal Culture -- Lloyd T. Wilson, Jr., A View of the Legal Culture of the United States of America -- Yuliya Chernykh, An Introduction to Ukrainian Legal Culture.

AbstractThis paper addresses the controversial concept of legal culture. It first considers the different meanings of the term and the variety of debates in which it figures. It then goes on to consider difficulties in deciding the units to which the term "legal culture" is applied, and the problems in using the term in explanations. It concludes by examining the way assumptions about what gives legal culture its coherence have implications for explaining how and when it changes. In each section of the argument an attempt is also made to show the relevance of these questions for theAsian Journal of Law and Societyas seen in the papers published in its first issue.