Suchergebnisse

The article attempts to characterize the legal status of sports fans in Ukraine using the experience of foreign countries. Attention is paid to the historical aspect of the formation of sports fans in the world. The author dwelled on the movement of football fans in the twentieth century. Based on modern research by Ukrainian scientists, a classification of certain categories of football fans is presented. The article argues that sports fans are a kind of challenge to government agencies, and sometimes to society as a whole, so the ability to work with such informal entities, where the composition is dominated by young people, is a key task of government agencies. Examples of fruitful cooperation between the state, local governments and volunteers in the form of fan projects with football fans in Germany and Belgium are given. It was stated that cooperation in Ukraine is still carried out at the level of the football club and fans. The introduction of the position of the Officer for work with football fans in football clubs is positively assessed. The specifics of the Ukrainian fan football movement are pointed out - it is strongly influenced by politics. It is emphasized that in Ukraine, so far, there is no law that would regulate the legal status of sports fans. A number of international agreements, acts of international sports organizations and Ukrainian legislative, by-laws and local regulations are analyzed in the context of clarifying the set of rights and obligations of sports fans (mostly football). It is established that the status of sports fans is determined only within the limits of achieving the goal of ensuring the safety of sports competitions. It is proposed to develop a special law in the future, which would establish the legal status of sports fans and the fan movement in general. Particular attention is paid to the clear wording of the rights of sports fans. ; У статті здійснена спроба характеристики правового статусу спортивних уболівальників в Україні з використанням досвіду зарубіжних країн. Звернено увагу на історичний аспект формування спортивного уболівальництва у світі. Авторка окремо зупинилася на русі футбольних уболівальників у ХХ ст. Спираючись на сучасні дослідження українських вчених, подано класифікацію окремих категорій футбольних уболівальників. У статті стверджується, що спортивні фанати – це своєрідний виклик державним структурам, а часом і усьому суспільству, тому уміння співпрацювати з такими неформальними утвореннями, де за складом переважає молодь, - ключове завдання державних структур. Наведено приклади плідної співпраці держави, органів місцевого самоврядування і волонтерів у вигляді фан-проєктів із футбольними фанатами в Німеччині та Бельгії. Констатовано, що в Україні співпраця, поки що, здійснюється на рівні футбольного клубу і фанатів. Позитивно оцінено запровадження у футбольних клубах посади Співробітника по роботі з футбольними уболівальниками. Вказано на специфіку українського фанатського футбольного руху – потужний вплив на нього політики. Підкреслено, що в Україні, поки що, немає закону, що регулював би правовий статус спортивних уболівальників. Проаналізовано низку міжнародних договорів, актів міжнародних спортивних організацій та українських законодавчих, підзаконних та локальних нормативних актів у контексті з'ясування комплексу прав і обов'язків спортивних уболівальників (переважно футбольних). Встановлено, що статус спортивних уболівальників визначений лише у межах досягнення мети забезпечення безпеки спортивного змагання. Запропоновано у перспективі розробити спеціальний закон, що встановлював би правовий статус спортивного уболівальника і уболівальницького руху в цілому. Особлива увага приділена чіткому формулюванню прав спортивних уболівальників.

This article considers the issues of improving norms regulating the relations connected with the status of fans of sports. The article includes suggestions and recommendations on introducing changes and amendments to the norms regulating the rights of sports fans based on the analysis of foreign experience and national legislation.

Citizenship is frequently invoked both as an instrument and goal of immigrant integration. Yet, in migration contexts, citizenship also marks a distinction between members and outsiders based on their different relations to particular states. A migration perspective highlights the boundaries of citizenship and political control over entry and exit as well as the fact that foreign residents remain in most countries deprived of core rights of political participation. This book summarizes current theories and empirical research on the legal status and political participation of migrants in European democracies.

As Europe struggles to integrate growing numbers of immigrants into society, citizenship is frequently held out as both a goal of and a tool for promoting that integration. But by studying the issue from the perspective of migration, Migration and Citizenship makes clear that citizenship carries important legal and political status that goes beyond such efforts at social integration. Highlighting the ways in which the difference in legal status that citizenship confers enables governments to set boundaries between citizens and non-citizens in terms of rights and political participation, this volume summarizes current theories and research.

Citizenship is frequently invoked both as an instrument and goal of immigrant integration. Yet, in migration contexts, citizenship also marks a distinction between members and outsiders based on their different relations to particular states. A migration perspective highlights the boundaries of citizenship and political control over entry and exit as well as the fact that foreign residents remain in most countries deprived of core rights of political participation. This book summarizes current theories and empirical research on the legal status and political participation of migrants in European democracies.

Overview of current theories and empirical research on citizenship in European contexts of migration.

In Advisory Opinion OC-18 of September 17, 2003, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled that international principles of nondiscrimination prohibit discriminating against undocumented migrant workers in the terms and conditions of work. The Court acknowledged that governments have the sovereign right to deny employment to undocumented immigrants, but held that such workers are equally protected by human rights in the workplace once an employment relationship is initiated. In other words, states may not further their immigration policies by denying basic workplace protections to undocumented employees.