Suchergebnisse

It is a settled principle of Soviet constitutional law that the USSR Supreme Soviet is the supreme representative organ, the supreme legislative body, and the supreme executor of the people's sovereignty. The 1936 Constitution subordinates all other organs of government to the Supreme Soviet, and it alone, on the national level, has the right to form governments, pass laws, and amend the Constitution. The Constitution also stipulates, however, that the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is "the vanguard of the workers in their struggle for the construction of a communist society and constitutes the guiding core of all workers' organizations, public as well as governmental."

When members are elected to the House of Representatives they have a certain freedom to decide how they will act as members and how they will build their reputations. Just as in the market place entrepreneurs build businesses, so in the House of Representatives members have the freedom to choose to build legislative programs that will enhance their reputations in the institution. And yet entrepreneurship is also costly to members. Gregory Wawro explains why members of the House engage in legislative entrepreneurship by examining what motivates them to acquire policy knowledge, draft legislation, build coalitions, and push their legislation in the House. He considers what incentives members have to perform what many have perceived to be the difficult and unrewarding tasks of legislating. This book shows how becoming a legislative entrepreneur relates to members' goals of reelection, enacting good public policy, and obtaining influence in the House. The analysis differs from previous studies of this behavior, which for the most part have employed case study methods and have relied on anecdotal evidence to support their arguments. Wawro analyzes legislative entrepreneurship in a general and systematic fashion, developing hypotheses from rational-choice-based theories and testing these hypotheses using quantitative methods. Wawro argues that members engage in legislative entrepreneurship in order to get ahead within the House. He finds that the more legislative entrepreneurship that members engage in, the more likely it is that they will advance to prestigious positions. This book is of interest to students of Congress, legislative behavior and institutions, elections, and campaign finance. Gregory Wawro is Assistant Professor of Political Science, Columbia University

The House of Representatives is a people's representative institution or legislative body. Membership of the House of Representatives, both at the central and regional levels, can be replaced with other members through a mechanism, namely Interim Replacement. The purpose of interim replacement is to maximize the performance of legislators effectively and efficiently. However, there is a problem, namely the replacement of members of the legislature in the middle of their term of office. This study aims to analyze the mechanism of interim replacement of members of the House of Representatives and how the involvement of voters in the intertime replacement mechanism. This research is normative juridical research using secondary data as the primary data in the form of legislation, research results, and journals. Based on the research results, the interim replacement mechanism does not involve the public, namely voters. Disputes between members of the legislature and the supporting party cannot be avoided due to the inappropriate process of implementing the mechanism. It is necessary to improve the mechanism for the Interim Replacement of members of the House of Representatives, which is not only the authority of political parties but also the public authority, namely the constituent voters.Keywords: Public Authority, Interim Replacement, Representative

Статья посвящена проблеме представительства субъектов Российской Федерации в верхней палате российского парламента. Цель данного исследования рассмотреть участие российских регионов в деятельности Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации через призму изменения законодательства о порядке формирования данного государственного органа. В качестве теоретической основы исследования были применены такие методы как общелогический, сравнительный, системный, исторический. Результатом исследования стал сравнительный анализ федерального законодательства о порядке формирования Совета Федерации и влияние его изменений на характер представительства субъектов Российской Федерации в «палате регионов». В итоге автор делает вывод о недостаточном на данный момент региональном характере верхней палаты российского парламента и о невысокой степени демократичности процедуры ее формирования, а также о необходимости увеличения конституционных полномочий Совета Федерации для повышения статуса и роли данного государственного органа в российской политической системе. ; The paper deals with the problem of representation of the Russian regions in the upper house of the Parliament. The aim of the study is to consider the regions' participation in the Federation Council's activities through changing the legislation on the formation of this body of authority. The author used logical, comparative, systematic and historical methods. The result is a comparative analysis of the legislation on the formation of the Federal Council, and the influence of its changing on the nature of representation of the regions in "the House of Regions". The author makes a conclusion that the regions are not represented adequately, the formation of the Federal Council is not democratic, and the increasing of the constitutional powers is necessary for improving of the status of this body of authority in the Russian political system.

AbstractBeing Colonel Waites' presidential address before the Twentyeight Annual Meeting of hte league at Philadelphia.