Suchergebnisse

This paper studies the contextual factors that influence whether invention occurs during work time or leisure time. Leisure time invention, a potentially important but thus far largely unexplored source of employee creativity, refers to invention where the main underlying idea occurs while the employee is away from the workplace. We build on existing theory in the fields of organizational creativity and knowledge recombination, especially work relating context to creativity. The paper's main theoretical contribution is to extend our understanding of the boundaries of employee creativity by adding to the discussion of how access to and exploitation of different types of resources—during work hours or during leisure time—may affect creativity. Based on survey data from more than 3,000 inventions from German employee inventors, we find that leisure time inventions are more frequently observed for conceptually based problems, in cases where interactions with people outside the organization are important for making the invention, and for smaller research and development projects. Our findings also suggest that employee inventions during work time may become more "embedded" in an environment of path-dependent resources than those made during leisure time.

With the development of industry and technology, leisure time gains sociocultural importance. Leisure activities are an important predictor of personal growth and improvement of the quality of life. The purpose of this research is to examine patterns, but also to reveal tendencies and perspectives of youth spending their leisure time. 120 first and second-cycle students of the University of Sarajevo participated in the research. The results of the research showed that students put their free time into the function of rest, leisure, and personality development. They prefer to spend their leisure time with close friends or on their own. The respondents, when they do not have family, professional, and other obligations, spend their time socializing and going out, relaxing activities, and on social networks. Also, they believe that free time is essential for self-development and productivity, as well as that the biggest challenges concern the methodical organizational and methodical performance creation of free time. Accordingly, guidelines for structuring the environment are offered, which have the potential to remove obstacles and maximize educational effects in leisure time.

Wohnsituation, Freizeitverhalten und erwartete Freizeitentwicklungen
aus der Sicht der Bundesbürger.

Themen: Zeitbudget des Befragten, aufgegliedert in Arbeitszeiten und
Schlafzeiten, freie Zeit sowie Freizeit an Werktagen und an Wochenenden;
detaillierte Erfassung der relativen Häufigkeit von
Freizeitbeschäftigungen; Hinderungsgründe für manche
Freizeitbeschäftigungen; Sammeln als Freizeitbeschäftigung;
Lebenshaltungskosten und Einschätzung des Anwachsens freier Kaufkraft;
derzeitige Wohnform sowie Anzahl der Zimmer und Nebenräume in der
Wohnung; Zufriedenheit mit der Wohnlage, der Ausstattung und Größe der
Wohnung; Wohnwünsche; Präferenz für Stadtwohnung oder Eigenheim im
Grünen; Einstellung zur Arbeit sowie Leistungsorientierung; subjektives
Bewußtsein wachsender Freizeit; Präferenz für verkürzten Arbeitstag oder
verlängertes Wochenende bzw. verlängerten Urlaub.

Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Familienstand; Konfession;
Schulbildung; Beruf; Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltseinkommen;
Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung; Haushaltungsvorstand;
Ortsgröße; Bundesland; Mitgliedschaften.

This paper presents research focused on investigating contemporary parents and selected aspects of their influence on children's leisure time, emphasizing how and to what extent parents organize their children's leisure time. Parents from different regions of Slovakia participated in the research, and we processed the results using descriptive statistics. For comparison, we used the Student T-test, Mann-Whitney Test (for comparing two groups), and Kruskal-Wallis Test (for comparing three or more groups). The research showed that respondents judge current parenting as different and significantly more challenging compared to the past. They perceive differences in the sphere of leisure time of families, especially in the fact that parents give fewer responsibilities to children than the previous generation of parents. The research also shows that the problem of contemporary families is the absence of time spent together by parents and children, the absence of family communication, and the high level of organization of children's leisure time by parents. The authors point out that parents in a postmodern society have to deal with the difficulties of ensuring the family's economic stability, which is why two-career marriages are a reality in contemporary families. It has been proven that today's parents are busier with work and are more engaged outside the family, as a result of which they spend less time with their children, which negatively affects their upbringing, there is a lack of quality family communication, and children feel lonely and deprived of parental attention. It was also found that in the modern family, students are involved in housework much less than in the past, so they mostly have no experience of work in this aspect. It is emphasized that the compensation of parental influence with other means of education - media, technology (smartphones, tablets, computers), and the virtual world (social networks) is alarming. The decline in the development of reading interests in the family is outlined, and the tendency of parents to replace the joint reading of children's books with modern technologies is revealed.

After a short discussion on management strategies which stress the private or domestic standpoint for the purpose of industrial production, the article focuses on breaks in the boundaries that separate work time and leisure time. Destabilized relations as an impact of automation are investigated. One of the effects is that the more competent the workers are in working life, the more incompetent in private life. In this opposition of private life and working life the arrangement of problems is blocked. Problems at work are perceived through the spectacles of the private. They are subordinated to the private and instead of being worked at and solved, are defined as less important.

Die vorliegende Untersuchung ist Bestandteil des "Zentralen Forschungsplanes der marxistisch-leninistischen Gesellschaftswissenschaften der DDR 1976 - 1980". Es sollen Inhalte und Bedingungen der Freizeitinteressen und des Freizeitverhaltens und ihr Einfluß auf die sozialistische Persönlichkeitsentwicklung untersucht werden. Mit einem standardisierten Fragebogen wurden 1978 262 Lehrlinge des Kombinats VEB Meßgerätewerk Zwönitz in Karl-Marx-Stadt befragt. "In der Freizeitgestaltung der Lehrlinge kommen einige charakteristisch Merkmale der sozialistischen Lebensweise bereits deutlich zu Ausdruck." Es wird gefordert, neben der individuellen gemeinschaftliche bzw. auch organisierte, kollektive Formen der Freizeitgestaltung stärker zu fördern, denn "der Gegner läßt nichts unversucht, gerade im Freizeitbereich seine Ideologie und die persönlichkeitszerstörenden 'Ideale' seiner Lebensweise zu propagieren." (ICG)

Abstract
Externalities in leisure are considered an important reason for partners' joint retirement. This study quantifies the extent to which partners actually spend more leisure time "together" at retirement. Exploiting legal retirement age in France, we identify the effect of retirement on partners' hours of leisure, distinguishing leisure hours spent together or not. We find that the separate leisure demand of the husband increases dramatically upon his retirement, by about 3 h per day. The wife's retirement significantly increases both her separate leisure time and the couple's joint leisure time. Because the wife is typically the last to retire, her retirement often coincides with partners' joint retirement. Our findings confirm that leisure complementarities in retirement are significant though perhaps not very large quantitatively.

Jel codes: C26, C31, J26, J22