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The article covers the professional, scientific and artistic activity of Yulian Semenovych Zayats (1880–1971).The figure of Yulian Zayats remains a little-studied figure among Ukrainian jurists and artists. Studying at the Faculty of Law of the Lviv University in 1899–1904, Julian Zayats published in 1904 an article «Jusus fructus nominis» in the «Journal of Law and Economics». In 1907 this scientific work was finalized and defended at the Lviv University. In 1901–1902 he studied at the Faculty of Law of the Jagiellonian University and at the Krakow Academy of Arts.Since 1906 he had been working in the financial prosecutor's office in Lviv. In 1909 he received a scholarship from the Austrian Ministry of Education and Religion and completed an internship at the Faculty of Law of the University of Berlin in 1909–1912 to write a doctoral thesis as well as studied at the Berlin Academy of Arts. In Berlin, Julian Zayats prepared a doctoral habilitation thesis in Polish on the topic: «Jus jurandum in litem», which was submitted for defense to the Faculty of Law of the Lviv University in 1912. Due to the position of Polish university professors, as Julian Zayats notes in his autobiography, the text of the thesis was lost and the defense did not take place. During the First World War, as an officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army, he took part in hostilities and taught ballistics at the Military Artillery School in Budapest.After Poland's conquest of western Ukraine, he worked as a lawyer and taught Roman law at the Ukrainian Secret University in Lviv. He continued to work in the Polish state treasury again. At the request of Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky, he provided legal advice to him and the Greek Catholic Church as well as prepared an appeal to the League of Nations and the Vatican regarding the discriminatory policy of the Polish state towards the Ukrainian population during the so-called "pacification".During the interwar period he studied at the Lviv Conservatory and gave solo concerts in the cities of Western ...

There was a significant crime growth in the Russian Empire In 1880s in general and in particular on Ukrainian territory that was part of the Empire at that time. It was influenced by a set of reasons of political, social, organizational, economic and psychological nature, including the disintegration of the peasant community, the proletarianization of the peasants and their influx into the cities. The authors of this topic have considered two aspects of the problem: the history of crime prevention in the late XIX century, whose experience always remains relevant, and the history of Kharkiv of the same period, which is also interesting from a scientific point of view. The topic is insufficiently researched; the authors did not find publications where it would be specially researched. The researchers set out to reveal the main aspects of crime in Kharkiv in 1880s and some measures to combat it. This purpose is specified in the following tasks: to identify the main general factors in the crime growth in the country during this period; to consider some aspects of crime in Kharkiv that have not been studied so far: a) abuse at customs; b) the fight against alcoholism; c) combating prostitution. The authors for the first time in the historical and legal literature have studied the main aspects of crime in Kharkiv in 1880s, have highlighted the prehistory and the course of the resonant Kharkiv trial of 1885 on abuses at customs. The main directions of the fight against alcoholism have been revealed. The state of counteraction to prostitution in the city has been studied. The issue of the main reasons for the rapid growth of crime during that period has been supplemented. The authors have used the historical principle of research while writing of the article; processes, events and facts were studied in chronological order taking into account the socio-political situation of that time. The principle of objectivity, which the authors tried to adhere to, meant relying on the facts in their true meaning. Each historical and social phenomenon has been considered in its diversity and contradiction, in the aggregate of both positive and negative manifestations. The Kharkiv trial of 1885 demonstrated the shortcomings of the Judicial Reform of 1864, the activities of lawyers and the jury. Counteracting alcoholism and prostitution in the city was formal and ineffective. The operation of whorehouses was regulated by the state, which understood its task only in combating the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and combating mischief in the locations of whorehouses. The materials of the article can be used while teaching the disciplines "History of State and Law of Ukraine", "History and Culture of Ukraine", special course "History of Law Enforcement Agencies of Ukraine", for writing monographs on the history of law enforcement agencies, the history of Kharkiv. ; В 1880-е годы отмечался значительный рост преступности в Российской империи в целом и на украинских землях, входивших тогда в ее состав, в частности. На это повлиял комплекс причин политического, социального, организационного, экономического и психологического характера, в частности разложение крестьянской общины, пролетаризация крестьян и приток их в города, что выбивало крестьян из привычной колеи, они пополняли ряды нищих и безработных, и это катализировало преступность. Рассмотрены статистика преступности, борьба с проституцией и пьянством, материалы резонансного Харьковского процесса 1885 г. о злоупотреблениях на таможне. ; У 1880-х роках спостерігалося значне зростання рівня злочинності в Російській імперії в цілому та на українських землях, що входили тоді до її складу, зокрема. На це вплинув комплекс причин політичного, соціального, організаційного, економічного та психологічного характеру, зокрема розклад селянської громади, пролетаризація селян і приплив їх до міст, що виштовхувало селян зі звичної колії, вони поповнювали лави жебраків та безробітних, і це каталізувало злочинність. Розглянуто статистику злочинності, боротьби з проституцією та пияцтвом, матеріали резонансного Харківського процесу 1885 р. щодо зловживань на митниці.

The reformative activity of Argentine liberal presidents Bartolomé Mitre, Domingo Sarmiento and Nicolas Avelande, who sequentially occupied the presidency during 1862-1880 are analyzed in the paper. The successful modernization measures in the fields of reforming the army and the legislative system, in the development of financial, educational and scientific institutions, transport and communications, and the creation of a favorable immigration atmosphere is reviewed. It is asserted that these measures brought Argentina closer to the leading countries of the world and contributed to its prosperity over the following decades. The introduction of new technologies in agriculture and improved products transportation conditions strengthened Argentina's position on the international food export market. Economic prosperity favoured the influx of European immigrants, which became an additional factor of economic development. The increase of the amount of primary and secondary educational institutions positively influenced Argentina's political, technological and economic development in the future. At the same time, among unsuccessful measures were the introduction of a free market policy, low rates of import duties, which slowed the development of industry in Argentina. The practice of large foreign loans, which resulted in the financial crisis and the entry of the country into a money pit also had a negative influence. Those negative factors, in turn, led to the country's failure to rise above the level of the supplier of agricultural raw materials on the world market. The issues of great social differentiation also remained unresolved. Listed problems in the long run laid the foundations of crisis phenomena. ; У статті проаналізовано реформаторську діяльність ліберальних президентів Аргентини Бартоломе Мітре, Домінго Сарм'єнто та Ніколаса Авельянеди, які послідовно обіймали посаду президента впродовж 1862-1880рр. Розглянуто успішні модернізаційні заходи у сфері реформування армії та системи законодавства, у розбудові фінансових, освітніх і наукових інституцій, транспорту та комунікацій, створення сприятливого імміграційного клімату.

Includes bibliographical references. ; Dodatok. Agrarni prohramy sot͡sii͡alïstychnykh partiĭ. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Δεν παρατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνικά. ; Georges Kokkinos, Vision du monde, idéologie, recrutement politique. Le cas de Alexandre Delmouzos (1880-1956) Malgré le scheme interprétative dominant, selon lequel Alexandros Delmouzos a été un idéologue du libéralisme grec au moins jusqu'au débutde la deuxième décennie du 20e siècle, quand il a été confronté avec ces ex-combattants qui s' étaient orientés vers le marxisme, cet article essaie de montrer que la vision du monde de Delmouzos est construite par le conservatisme européen, le romantisme politique et le nationalisme allemand. Le dernier a fonctionné comme modèle pour le nationalisme grec. Néanmoins, dans la pensée de Delmouzos, du même que dans son oeuvre politique pour la modernisation et la démocratisation du système d'enseignement, on trouve beaucoup d'idées provenant du libéralisme politique et social et aussi quelques unes du socialisme allemand. Mais, ces idées ont été incorporées dans une vision du monde profondement conservatrice, qui, d'après moi, a frustré le dynamisme historique du libéralisme politique en Grèce.

In the article in detail the tradition of the honoring of the theme of the January Uprising of the Polish people in 1863 in the cultural and educational surroundings of Drohobych for the period 1880 – 1939 is considered. It is above all the organization of festive and memorial ceremonies at the level of the public companies, magistrate and parochial institutions of Drohobych. Also the potential range of the residents and natives of the Drohobych district, who actively participated in military campaigns in 1863 – 1864 is defined. Among other things, for the first time in the historiography the articles of the Drohobych journalists dedicated to the January Uprising are analyzed: the autobiographical stories about the participants in the Uprising, the obituaries, the political and publicistic essays and also the poems of initiation. The tradition of organizing a variety of celebrations on the theme of the January uprising has long been a feature of the cultural topos of Drohobych not only at the level of the educational environment of local gymnasiums and public associations, but also at the level of the official city authorities in the face of the magistrate, municipality and district councils, as well as old age groups. The serious attitude of the citizens of the city to the events of 1861 - 1863 was especially relevant in connection with the fact that in the uprising, immigrants from Drohobych and the outskirts took part in the uprising, who, on the one hand, living in the city kept "living memory" about the most dramatic episodes of the stormy events of the January uprising, and on the other hand, they were able, by way of example, to convey the symbolic meaning of their feats to future generations in order to cultivate the legitimate right of every nation to freedom. ; У статті детально розглянуто традицію вшанування теми Січневого повстання польського народу 1863 р. в культурно-освітньому середовищі громадян міста Дрогобича за період 1880 – 1939 рр. Йдеться передовсім про організацію святкових та поминальних урочистостей на рівні громадських товариств, магістрату та парафіяльних інституцій Дрогобича.

In the article in detail the tradition of the honoring of the theme of the January Uprising of the Polish people in 1863 in the cultural and educational surroundings of Drohobych for the period 1880 – 1939 is considered. It is above all the organization of festive and memorial ceremonies at the level of the public companies, magistrate and parochial institutions of Drohobych. Also the potential range of the residents and natives of the Drohobych district, who actively participated in military campaigns in 1863 – 1864 is defined. Among other things, for the first time in the historiography the articles of the Drohobych journalists dedicated to the January Uprising are analyzed: the autobiographical stories about the participants in the Uprising, the obituaries, the political and publicistic essays and also the poems of initiation. The tradition of organizing a variety of celebrations on the theme of the January uprising has long been a feature of the cultural topos of Drohobych not only at the level of the educational environment of local gymnasiums and public associations, but also at the level of the official city authorities in the face of the magistrate, municipality and district councils, as well as old age groups. The serious attitude of the citizens of the city to the events of 1861 - 1863 was especially relevant in connection with the fact that in the uprising, immigrants from Drohobych and the outskirts took part in the uprising, who, on the one hand, living in the city kept "living memory" about the most dramatic episodes of the stormy events of the January uprising, and on the other hand, they were able, by way of example, to convey the symbolic meaning of their feats to future generations in order to cultivate the legitimate right of every nation to freedom. ; У статті детально розглянуто традицію вшанування теми Січневого повстання польського народу 1863 р. в культурно-освітньому середовищі громадян міста Дрогобича за період 1880 – 1939 рр. Йдеться передовсім про організацію святкових та поминальних урочистостей на рівні громадських товариств, магістрату та парафіяльних інституцій Дрогобича.

У статті проаналізовано теоретико-методологічні основи культуроохоронної педагогічної концепції В. Щепотьєва – першого ректора Полтавського інституту народної освіти, професора, етнографа, архівіста, митця, засудженого у справі СВУ. Розкрито сутність цільового, методологічного та теоретичного концептів, які включають мету, методологічні положення, принципи та педагогічні умови формування національної свідомості молодого покоління засобами української культури ; The article analyzes the theoretical-methodological foundations of pedagogical conception of culture protection by V. Schepotiev – first rector of Poltava institute of national education, professor, ethnographist, archivist, artist, sentenced in the matter of Ukrainian Liberation Union and executed in 1937 year. There were elucidated in details the purposeful, methodological and theoretical concepts of scientist's pedagogical conception, namely:– Purposeful one includes the purpose of education – the formation of national consciousness in young generation by the means of Ukrainian culture, the formation of responsibility for it to the succession, training of pupil youth to the activity in culture protection;– Methodological concept is grounded on the following statements: human is a child of culture; the separate cultures interact, influence each other and form integrity; national culture is an inalienable component of general human one; in national culture the most importance belongs to language, folklore and art as the expression of individual worldview of nation and "public moods" in concrete historical epoch; each generation must save culture to the succession;– Theoretical one includes: 1) general pedagogical and specific principles, especially nationality, culture-correspondence, democratism, humanism, emotionality; 2) pedagogical conditions: the understanding of culture protective and culture creating mission by scientific-pedagogical intellectuals; the widening of net of culture protective state institutions and public organizations; interconnection between family, secondary and higher schools, out-of-school institutions, church and public organizations in culture protective activity; introduction of culturological approach to the system of education

У статті проаналізовано теоретико-методологічні основи культуроохоронної педагогічної концепції В. Щепотьєва – першого ректора Полтавського інституту народної освіти, професора, етнографа, архівіста, митця, засудженого у справі СВУ. Розкрито сутність цільового, методологічного та теоретичного концептів, які включають мету, методологічні положення, принципи та педагогічні умови формування національної свідомості молодого покоління засобами української культури ; The article analyzes the theoretical-methodological foundations of pedagogical conception of culture protection by V. Schepotiev – first rector of Poltava institute of national education, professor, ethnographist, archivist, artist, sentenced in the matter of Ukrainian Liberation Union and executed in 1937 year. There were elucidated in details the purposeful, methodological and theoretical concepts of scientist's pedagogical conception, namely:– Purposeful one includes the purpose of education – the formation of national consciousness in young generation by the means of Ukrainian culture, the formation of responsibility for it to the succession, training of pupil youth to the activity in culture protection;– Methodological concept is grounded on the following statements: human is a child of culture; the separate cultures interact, influence each other and form integrity; national culture is an inalienable component of general human one; in national culture the most importance belongs to language, folklore and art as the expression of individual worldview of nation and "public moods" in concrete historical epoch; each generation must save culture to the succession;– Theoretical one includes: 1) general pedagogical and specific principles, especially nationality, culture-correspondence, democratism, humanism, emotionality; 2) pedagogical conditions: the understanding of culture protective and culture creating mission by scientific-pedagogical intellectuals; the widening of net of culture protective state institutions and public organizations; interconnection between family, secondary and higher schools, out-of-school institutions, church and public organizations in culture protective activity; introduction of culturological approach to the system of education

The article dealswith education, which has become the mainfactor in the growth of the role of women inUkrainian society. It was clarifi ed why thestate paid less attention to women's educationthan education for men. That motivatedthe private initiative and led to the establishmentof different types of schools for girls.The attention was paid to the differences ineducational disciplines and to the amountof knowledge provided by schools for girlscompared to schools for boys. It was foundout how women's gymnasia developed. Thedynamics of the opening of these educationalinstitutions was studied. The attention ispaid to the fact that the need to be educatedthe girls from middle and upper socialstrata demonstrated more quickly comparedwith the lower ones. It was found that thegirls did not satisfy the prohibition of universityeducation, and therefore they went tostudy to Zurich and this was a motivatingfactor for establishing higher female coursesin major Ukrainian cities. The spreadingof the institution of women's educationdid not remove the need for the existenceof elite schools, which were considered institutionsof noble ladies. They continuedto exist, although democratized in terms ofthe social origin of their pupils. Particularattention was also paid to the functioningof vocational schools, the growth rates ofwhich signifi cantly increased every decade,as well as the knowledge and practical skillsthat could be obtained there. Thanks to education,girls started to work in such fi eldsas pedagogy, medicine, post, public service,as well as to achieve equal rights in societyand electoral rights. Consideration of thespreading of women's education is carriedout with the identifi cation of the attitude ofstate institutions, the public and individualpersons towards the aspirations of girls toacquire education and become full membersof society. ; У статті йдеться про освіту якосновний фактор зростання ролі жінокв українському суспільстві. З'ясовано,чому держава приділяла жіночій освітіменше уваги, ніж чоловічій. Простеже-но виникнення жіночих гімназій та дина-міку їх відкриття. Звернута увага на те,що потребу бути освіченими швидшедемонстрували дівчата з середніх і ви-щих соціальних прошарків у порівнянні знижчими. З'ясовано, що дівчат не задо-вольняла заборона отримувати універси-тетську освіту, а тому вони виїжджалина навчання до Цюріха і це стало спо-нукальним чинником до заснування ви-щих жіночих курсів в країні. Поширеннявсестанової жіночої освіти не усунулопотребу існування елітних шкіл, якимивважалися інститути шляхетних паня-нок. Вони й надалі продовжували функці-онування, щоправда демократизувалисящодо соціального походження своїх ви-хованок. Звернута увага і на функціону-вання професійних шкіл, темпи зростан-ня яких суттєво збільшувалися з кожнимдесятиріччям, а також на ті знання іпрактичні навички, що там можна булоотримати. Завдяки освіті дівчата поча-ли реалізовувати себе у таких галузях, якпедагогіка, медицина, пошта, державнаслужба.