Suchergebnisse

Research Summary: Typically, studies on subsidiary legitimation take the perspectives of compliance and isomorphism to examine multinational enterprises (MNEs') legitimacy; our study considers both isomorphism and institutional innovation perspectives to examine how subsidiaries, in collaboration with civil society actors, co-develop various levels (degrees) of legitimacy in an institutional void. The study finds four overlapping levels of legitimacy—"acceptance," "image," "endorsement," and "synergy" (a combination of acceptance and efficiency)—that subsidiaries co-develop throughout the internationalization process. We bring new insight into legitimation: that an isomorphism perspective of legitimacy alone cannot explain the complexity of subsidiary legitimation in an institutional void because subsidiaries not only earn acceptance by compliance, but also create/co-create image, endorsement, and synergy as outputs of institutional innovation. We contribute to the global strategic management in emerging economies. Managerial Summary: We investigate how MNE-civil society interplay co-develops different levels of legitimacy in an institutional void, as opposed to only the "acceptance" level. The study combines both rule-accepting and rule-changing perspectives, revealing that MNEs' strategic endeavors yield overlapping, yet increasing, levels of legitimacy—"acceptance," "image," "endorsement," and "synergy"—in internationalization. These levels are not necessarily derived from a firm's strategic initiatives using an isomorphism perspective; instead, the firm appears as an institutional entrepreneur and co-develops new institutions, which creates synergy (legitimacy + efficiency) for the firm's operation. Although it is difficult to separate the increasing levels of legitimacy, managers can use the insights to design specific strategies for each level of legitimacy and develop partnerships with local actors in legitimation in an institutional void.

Who does a personalist authoritarian ruler designate as their successor, and what makes the transition of presidency to them peaceful in the short term? This article argues that these questions can be fruitfully approached from the perspective of political legitimacy, thus contributing to the further conceptualization of legitimacy in autocracies. By analyzing the 2019 leadership succession in Kazakhstan, the article develops a model of multi-level legitimacy that differentiates between three interconnected levels of legitimacy enjoyed by political actors among the general population, the elite, and the international community. The article tracks the legitimation process and the estimated level of legitimacy of three key political actors (Nazarbaev, Tokaev, and Nazarbaeva) from the immediate pre-resignation period until the political crisis of January 2022, covering both phases of succession: Nazarbaev's exit from and Tokaev's entry to power. To estimate the actors' level of legitimacy on the three analytical levels of the model, the article draws from a diverse dataset consisting of public opinion polls, expert commentary, and international actors' statements. The article finds that in the initial transition process, the estimated level of legitimacy enjoyed by both Nazarbaev and Tokaev was relatively high in all three levels, in contrast to Nazarbaeva's. It argues that Nazarbaev's and Tokaev's legitimacy contributed to the transition's initial peaceful nature, but Nazarbaeva's legitimacy deficit resulted in her marginalization in the succession process. The political turmoil of January 2022 demonstrates that a succession that is peaceful in the short term can paradoxically contain the seeds of a succession conflict erupting later.

International audience ; The politics on biodiversity conservation are great consumers of geographical information, but they are confronted today to a double movement: on the one hand, the scarcity of means devoted by public instances to the assessment of settings, and on the other the increasing presence and power of contributive initiatives. While official knowledge finds it hard to progress, it is drenched in the mass of information gathered and circulated through the Internet outside of official tracks. And yet, more or less spontaneous initiatives to collect data started much before web 2.0. The Znieff database, put up at the beginning of the 1980s, initiated that participative movement. It is now considered as an unavoidable reference for the politics of conservation in France. Hunting federations and participative fauna atlases also provide data, though they are more confidential. They rely on similar principles, with a different regularity; spatial gridding and the simplicity of data produce a greater regularity of data in space. We will address in this paper the legitimacy of these data about biodiversity, and how far it is appropriate for the politics of conservation to use them. ; Les politiques de conservation de la biodiversité, grandes consommatrices d'informations géographiques, sont aujourd'hui confrontées à un double mouvement : la faiblesse des moyens consacrés par les pouvoirs publics à la reconnaissance des milieux et la montée en puissance des initiatives contributives. La connaissance officielle qui peine à progresser est ainsi débordée par les démultiplications d'informations réunies et diffusées en dehors des circuits officiels par le biais d'Internet. Les initiatives de collecte plus ou moins spontanée n'ont pourtant pas attendu le web 2.0 pour exister. La base de connaissance Znieff, mise en place au début des années 1980, constituait les prémices de ce mouvement participatif. Elle constitue aujourd'hui un des piliers des politiques de conservation en France. Les données sur la faune ...

International audience ; The politics on biodiversity conservation are great consumers of geographical information, but they are confronted today to a double movement: on the one hand, the scarcity of means devoted by public instances to the assessment of settings, and on the other the increasing presence and power of contributive initiatives. While official knowledge finds it hard to progress, it is drenched in the mass of information gathered and circulated through the Internet outside of official tracks. And yet, more or less spontaneous initiatives to collect data started much before web 2.0. The Znieff database, put up at the beginning of the 1980s, initiated that participative movement. It is now considered as an unavoidable reference for the politics of conservation in France. Hunting federations and participative fauna atlases also provide data, though they are more confidential. They rely on similar principles, with a different regularity; spatial gridding and the simplicity of data produce a greater regularity of data in space. We will address in this paper the legitimacy of these data about biodiversity, and how far it is appropriate for the politics of conservation to use them. ; Les politiques de conservation de la biodiversité, grandes consommatrices d'informations géographiques, sont aujourd'hui confrontées à un double mouvement : la faiblesse des moyens consacrés par les pouvoirs publics à la reconnaissance des milieux et la montée en puissance des initiatives contributives. La connaissance officielle qui peine à progresser est ainsi débordée par les démultiplications d'informations réunies et diffusées en dehors des circuits officiels par le biais d'Internet. Les initiatives de collecte plus ou moins spontanée n'ont pourtant pas attendu le web 2.0 pour exister. La base de connaissance Znieff, mise en place au début des années 1980, constituait les prémices de ce mouvement participatif. Elle constitue aujourd'hui un des piliers des politiques de conservation en France. Les données sur la faune ...

Multi-level governance entails transformations of statehood, including significant changes in both the public sphere of politics and the so-called private sphere of economic activity, and in their modes of interaction, especially law. The fragmentation of the public sphere and the decentring of the state have led to new types of formalized regulation and the emergence of global regulatory networks, intermingling the public and the private. The transition from government to governance means a lack of a clear hierarchy of norms, a blurring of distinctions between hard/soft and public/private law, and a fragmentation of public functions entailing a resurgence of technocracy. Renewed international legalisation (WTO adjudication, International Criminal Court etc) has been viewed by some in formalist terms, as helping to provide certainty and predictability, and this has been used to try to buttress the legitimacy of global governance. Viewed more closely and critically, however, it is the indeterminacy of law that provides the space for interpretative practices, which can both exploit and exacerbate the fragmentation of the public sphere, and mediate the complex interactions. Indeed, the increasingly important role for regulation in global governance undermines the formalist view of law's legitimacy as deriving from national state political structures, and requires new approaches to articulating normative interactions that are more conducive to democratic deliberation, in order to establish the public interest firmly as the prime concern in all forms of management of economic activity. The paper will explore these issues using examples from different areas of international economic regulation.

Introduces the volume, its origins, & individual contributions. The volume's objective is to describe a federal vision of governance in the US & the EU by considering the implications of the legitimacy crisis in our multi-level democracies both based & expanding upon present policy discussions of decentralization (US) & subsidiarity (EU). While the project is informed by an acute acknowledgment of differences between the US & EU, it attends as well to the several points of commonality in the continuing negotiation of the federal contract in both systems. K. Coddon

This paper deals with the ways in which the interconnectedness of multiple political levels in increaingly internationalized structures of governance impacts on these levels' democratic legitimation. Focusing on the European Union (EU), it argues that in the EU's multi-level system, the legitimacy of the European level of governance is systematically influenced by the legitimacy of the EU Member States. Insights into such legitimacy relationships - and different logics of their construction - can be used to identify a number of distinct legitimation strategies for EU institutions, and to sketch some options of institutional design that might help to implement them. It is unclear, however, to what extent any kind of institutional design can actually affect the citizens' empirical legitimacy evaluations of the EU, since these are often characterized by a lack of information about the EU's institutional structure.

Although the field of organizational legitimacy is undergoing great advances, academics are still facing the challenge of its measurement. Currently, academics are focusing on improving and homogenizing legitimacy measurement systems at the micro level. However, measuring legitimacy at the macro level has not evolved according to the needs and possibilities provided by new technologies. This research aims to develop a new methodology to measure organizational legitimacy at the macro level, capable of processing large amounts of information. To this end, an analysis of the news content of the 50 companies that make up the EuroStoxx50 has been conducted for a full year. By doing so, we make three key contributions to managing organizational legitimacy. First, we provide a more complete and reliable measurement of organizational legitimacy thanks to mass information processing techniques, providing a technology-based solution to the obsolescence problem of legitimacy evaluation models at the macro level. Second, we provide empirical evidence of the relationship between legitimacy and organizational success based on the analysis of mass information. Third, we show evidence that a bias is introduced in the measurement of legitimacy due to the use of different sources for this purpose.