Recognition and National Justice for Quebec: A Canadian Conundrum
Explores tension between the exclusive claims of Canadian nationhood & national identity & the Quebecois claim to national status. Focus is on how ethnic mobilization & language-related issues have provided the contours of Quebecois identity, arguing that objectivist ideas of ethnicity must be tempered by critical analyses of more subjectivist & politically construed notions of identity. At issue is whether Canada & Quebec ought to be conjoined indefinitely within one liberal structure. After outlining four factors that have threatened French Canada's capacity to reproduce French identity & culture, the issue of devising a Quebecois identity centered on ethnicity or territory is addressed in the context of how the Parti Quebecois tried to construct a social space in which to legitimize its vision of the political community. Federal & provincial language strategies are next compared, demonstrating the conflict between the federal policy of balanced bilingualism & Quebec's pursuit of a provincial francization policy. In light of five broad political claims on the part of Quebec to maximize its autonomy, constitutional reform is addressed, along with the Meech Lake Accord & the 1992 referendum. The complex ethnolinguistic nature of the constitutional impasse is demonstrated through a look at legal trends across the 1980s & 1990s. The faltering of symmetrical federalism is manifest in the erosion of the French-English Canadian duality & the reality that countermeasures to support the francophone population cannot be realized at the provincial or federal levels. The idea of partition is briefly looked at before turning to the renewed multiculturalism program & the potential for a kind of asymmetrical federalism. It is concluded that the state is officially restricting its concerns to the rights of official language minority groups "where numbers warrant," detaching the question of language rights from the political context, ie, recognition of Quebec as a nation. 50 References. J. Zendejas