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Pasternak (1968) has reported a case of "lineage atrophy" on Taiwan. This fits a pattern discernible in several widely separated cases. It seems that the Chinese lineage, often considered a rock‐stable base of Chinese society, is at the mercy of economic‐ecological factors.

Descriptions used by ethnography can be embodied in a mathematical theory, yielding strong measurable inferences. This theory is interpreted and applied to an empirical example, to derive population measures from lineage descriptions. The theory is purely cultural in that it derives testable implications from social anthropological descriptions without use of techniques from classical demography. The new techniques are not subsumed by "general systems" or statistical methods commonly taught, therefore implying these methods are fundamentally wrong. [social anthropology, mathematical theory, cultural theory, population measures]

The characteristics and values of the "new public administration" are viewed as flowing directly from a variety of values, some inconsistent, which guided traditional public administration. This lineage is traced through several disciplines, and the value implications for current practice are explored.