Suchergebnisse

Vitamin D može smanjiti rizik od virusnih infekcija respiratornog trakta te smanjiti težinu i dužinu trajanja bolesti. Sama činjenica da stanice respiratornog epitela, monociti/makrofazi, dendritične stanice, T i B limfociti posjeduju receptore za vitamin D i da mogu autonomno aktivirati vitamin D koji onda djeluje autokrino i parakrino, ukazuje na značajan imunomodulatorni učinak vitamina D u urođenome i stečenome imunom odgovoru. Mehanizmi obrane od respiratornih virusa, uključujući i virus SARS-CoV-2, a koji su pod utjecajem aktivnog oblika vitamina D uključuju: indukciju stvaranja katelicidina antivirusnog proteina respiratornog epitela koji može smanjiti opterećenje virusom, poticanje urođenog imunog odgovora na virusnu infekciju, čuvanje integriteta respiratornog epitela kroz učvršćivanje uskih spojeva između stanica te kroz smanjenje prekomjernog stvaranja proupalnih citokina i pojačanje stvaranja protuupalnih citokina omogućavajući uravnotežen imuni odgovor na infekciju, time smanjujući nepotrebno oštećenje tkiva i takozvanu citokinsku oluju i posljedičnu akutnu ozljedu pluća koja u najtežim slučajevima bolesti COVID-19 rezultira respiratornim distres sindrom. Nadoknada vitamina D je jednostavna, sigurna i jeftina te bi trebala biti neizostavni dio javnozdravstvene politike sprječavanja zaraznih bolesti uključujući i COVID-19, posebice stoga što su za vrijeme pandemije ljudi dodatno izloženi nedostatku vitamina D jer su prisiljeni boraviti u zatvorenom prostoru, čime je onemogućen glavni put sinteze vitamina D u koži djelovanjem UV zraka. Za vrijeme pandemije virusom SARS-CoV-2 racionalno je nadoknadu provesti višim dozama, do 10 000 IJ dnevno, kako bi se u kratkom vremenu postigle koncentracije u krvi potrebne za nekalcemijske učinke vitamina D. ; Vitamin D may reduce the risk of respiratory tract viral infection, and the severity and duration of the disease as well. Respiratory epithelial cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes express vitamin D receptors, and can autonomously activate vitamin D. This points to a significant immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D in the innate and acquired immune response to viral infection. Defense mechanisms against respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, that are under the influence of the active form of vitamin D are: enhanced production of cathelicidin - an antiviral protein of the respiratory epithelium, induction of innate immune response to viral infection, preservation of the integrity of the respiratory epithelium, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and enhancement of anti-inflammatory cytokine production. The immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D supports a balanced immune response to viral infection and may reduce the risk of a cytokine storm and consequent acute lung injury, which in the most severe cases of COVID-19 disease results in respiratory distress syndrome. Vitamin D supplementation is simple, safe and inexpensive and should be an indispensable part of public health policy to reduce the risk of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. During a pandemic, the risk of vitamin D deficiency is increased because people are forced to stay indoors, thus disabling the main route of vitamin D synthesis in the skin under the effects of ultraviolet light. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Vitamin D supplementation should be prescribed with higher doses, up to 10,000 IU per day, to more rapidly achieve blood concentrations required for non-calcemic effects of vitamin D.

Die Geschichte der Koalition "Možemo - Zagreb je naš" (Nova ljevica, Neue Linke - ORaH, Zelena alternativa - Održivi razvoj Hrvatske, Grüne Alternative und Für die Stadt, Za grad) hinter Tomislav Tomašević's Wahl zum Bürgermeister der Stadt Zagreb am 30. Mai 2021

The fact that universities have become complex organisations characterised by multiple missions including teaching, research, and entrepreneurship agenda served as a starting point for this enquiry. This study strives to offer a deeper insight into the views of the academics pertaining to the creation of an entrepreneurial university ideal within the context of a research university. The underlying complexities in achieving this mission were extracted from a series of semi-structured interviews conducted among academicians spanning the diverse disciplines within the university. The findings revealed a vast array of definitions given to the concept of an entrepreneurial university that ranges from the soft spectrum to the hard spectrum of entrepreneurial activities. This study adds value to the existing literature through the identification of dilemmas surrounding the creation of the entrepreneurial university that encompass challenges related to the academic resistance, internal factors and social capital issues. It is concluded that the right balancing between teaching, research and entrepreneurship is crucial to ensure that learning institutions do not digress from their core functions. Effective links between university, industry and government could assist to fast-track the transition from the traditional university to the entrepreneurial university concept. ; Činjenica da su sveučilišta postala kompleksne organizacije koje provode raznovrsne i višestruke aktivnosti poput predavanja, istraživanja i poduzetničkih aktivnosti, služila je kao polazište ovog istraživanja. Cilj mu je omogućiti dublji uvid u stajališta akademika vezano uz stvaranje idealnog poduzetničkog sveučilišta u kontekstu istraživačkog sveučilišta. Temeljna kompleksna pitanja bitna za postizanje ovoga cilja dobivena su polustrukturiranim intervjuom provedenim s akademicima iz različitih sveučilišnih disciplina. Rezultati su pokazali širok raspon definicija poduzetničkog sveučilišta koje variraju od mekog do tvrdog spektra poduzetničkih aktivnosti. Ovo istraživanje daje dodatnu vrijednost postojećoj literaturi prepoznavanjem dilema koje postoje oko stvaranja poduzetničkog sveučilišta, a koje obuhvaćaju i izazove povezane s akademskim otporom, unutarnjim faktorima i pitanjima društvenog kapitala. Zaključak je da je pravilan omjer poučavanja, istraživanja i poduzetništva neophodan da bi se osiguralo da obrazovne institucije ne odstupaju od svojih temeljnih funkcija. Učinkovite veze između sveučilišta, industrije i vlade mogle bi pomoći brzoj tranziciji iz tradicionalnog sveučilišta u poduzetničko sveučilište.

Dosadašnja istraživanja pokazuju da suradnja u istraživanjima između znanosti i industrije može biti snažan izvor inovacija i čimbenik koji pridonosi uspješnosti u inovacijama i ekonomskom rastu. Iako brojne mjere javnih politika i inicijative potiču zajednička istraživanja akademske zajednice i industrije, njihov potencijal još nije primjereno iskorišten. Ovaj rad daje pregled postojeće literature o suradnji u istraživanju između znanosti i industrije. Rad analizira i diskutira motive i druge čimbenike koji utječu na suradnju i identificira ograničenja zajedničkom istraživanju s aspekta poduzeća i javnih istraživačkih institucija. Na temelju pregleda literature izvode se preporuke za inovacijske politike. ; Existing research indicates that science-industry collaborative research might be a powerful source of innovation and an important factor of high innovation performance and economic growth. Although a number of public policy initiatives promote collaborative research, its potential is still not being adequately reached. This paper presents a review of existing literature on science-industry collaborative research. It elaborates and discusses motives and determinants of collaborative research, and identifies obstacles to joint science-industry research, from both the companies' and public research organizations' perspective. Based on the literature review, the paper provides recommendations for innovation policies.

The author describes Thomas Jefferson's life from his birth to his death. The paper focuses on his place & role in the creation & the formation of the US & the hardships accompanying that process. Multiple links of Thomas Jefferson with the European political scene of his time are depicted. Adapted from the source document.

The perceptions of science by the Croatian public & the political elite are a combination of scientific-technological optimism, the exemption of science from social responsibility, the skepticism regarding the speed of changes that science brings into people's lives, & a mixture of cognitive realism & optimism, & the reservations towards the cognitive possibilities of science. Also, the perceptions of science by the public & by the elite differ significantly. The public perceptions link modernism & traditionalism, confidence & a lack of it in the socially responsible role of science (& technology). Politicians nurture three different views of science. The first view implies both the beneficial & the neutral social role of science. The second view implies the reservations of the elite regarding the humanistic social role of science & its cognitive power, while the third way links the cognitive limitations of science & the skepticism regarding the way in which it changes the traditional way of life. The perception of science by the public depends on the social composition, while the politicians' views are significantly influenced by their political worldview & orientations & party allegiance. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

The perceptions of science by the Croatian public & the political elite are a combination of scientific-technological optimism, the exemption of science from social responsibility, the skepticism regarding the speed of changes that science brings into people's lives, & a mixture of cognitive realism & optimism, & the reservations towards the cognitive possibilities of science. Also, the perceptions of science by the public & by the elite differ significantly. The public perceptions link modernism & traditionalism, confidence & a lack of it in the socially responsible role of science (& technology). Politicians nurture three different views of science. The first view implies both the beneficial & the neutral social role of science. The second view implies the reservations of the elite regarding the humanistic social role of science & its cognitive power, while the third way links the cognitive limitations of science & the skepticism regarding the way in which it changes the traditional way of life. The perception of science by the public depends on the social composition, while the politicians' views are significantly influenced by their political worldview & orientations & party allegiance. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

The author analyzes two different views of nationalism, Arendt's & Kedourie's. Arendt focuses on the link between racism, nationalism, & imperialism. According to her, nationalism differs from totalitarianism, which represents a more recent development. Kedourie sets out from Acton's critique of the French revolution & concludes that radical nationalism is a product of Franco-German national tensions. Finally, the author offers both concepts as his contribution to an easier understanding of the antagonisms that brought about the war on the territory of the former Yugoslavia. Adapted from the source document.

The author looks into Buchanan's contribution to the contemporary political economy. His starting point is that Buchanan's concept of economy as exchange links political science & economics, showing that this is feasible, since Buchanan has rejected the theory of allocation, a standard in economics, & promoted the market theory based on exchange. The theory of allocation is dubious for Buchanan since it reduces the subject of economics to a set of problems & not to a characteristic form of human activity. That is why he uses the concept of the symbiotic, meaning the attitude based on the study of links among various actors that are beneficial for all. Buchanan's basic concept evolved & was shaped in the 1980s in the form of the constitutional political economy, which is an attempt to explain the possibilities of different legal-constitutional rules that determine the basic framework for selecting economic & political actors. The author claims that for political science, particularly important is the fact that Buchanan defines this type of political economy as a redux of the political in economics. In this way, on the one hand, it became questionable in economics as a discipline, & on the other, more acceptable for political science. However, the fact that Buchanan's work transcends the rigid boundaries of social disciplines does not mean that he unreservedly paves the way for political science. On the contrary, Buchanan is pursuing such a fundamental revision of the rigid boundaries among disciplines in social sciences that it may challenge the present status of political science. 31 References. Adapted from the source document.

The author provides a definition of political marketing, highlights its links with a democratic polity, reviews the evolution of political marketing from the party to the marketing concept, looks into political marketing as a sort of construction of political reality, & analyzes political marketing in Croatia. He points out that political marketing is resisted by the very people who should make use of it, but acknowledges that there are some objective circumstances that stand in its way, such as the lack of money, the undeveloped public electronic media, & the still predominantly traditional culture of the society, more inclined to oral communication. 2 Diagrams, 13 References. Adapted from the source document.

U radu se objašnjavaju poveznice konsocijacijske demokracije i demokršćanstva koje postoje na teorijskoj i praktičnoj razini. U prvom poglavlju rada prikazana su načela i praksa konsocijacijske demokracije. Drugo poglavlje donosi pregled dosadašnjih spoznaja o poveznicama konsocijacijske demokracije i demokršćanskih stranaka s naglaskom na korporativizmu. U trećem poglavlju podrobno je objašnjena demokršćanska koncepcija demokracije i njezina povezanost s modelom konsocijacijske demokracije. U zaključnom dijelu rada utvrđene su i obrazložene teorijske i praktične spone konsocijacijske demokracije i demokršćanstva. ; Consociational democracy is an empirical and normative form of democracy within plural or deeply divided societies. The theory of consociational democracy is largely based on the analysis of the institutional framework and politics in four European classical consociational countries — the Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria and Belgium. This article explains the links between consociational democracy and Christian Democracy that exist on a theoretical and practical level. The first part of the article presents the principles and praxis of consociational democracy. The second part of the article provides an overview of current knowledge on the links between consociational democracy and Christian Democratic parties with an emphasis on corporatism. The third part of the paper explains in detail the Christian Democratic conception of democracy and its connection with the model of consociational democracy. The analysis showed that Christian Democracy is theoretically related to consociation due to a counter–majority and non–conflict understanding of democracy. On a practical level, Christian Democratic parties had a prominent political position in all four European classical consociational countries in which they acted as the voice of a Catholic pillar and played a central role in shaping the institutional framework of these countries. Due to an inherent heterogeneity, Christian Democratic parties developed ...

The author shows why Gray's modus vivendi tolerance has not been particularly effective in designing stable global governance. The essay is divided into two parts. The first part describes Gray's link between globalization & tolerance, & the second presents Barry's disproof of Hobbesian justice as mutual utility, & Barry's criticism of Locke's argument for tolerance. The author uses Barry's theoretical maneuvers to show why he does not find Gray's solution particularly convincing. Although he accepts Gray's idea of pluralism derived from incommensurability, the author is of the opinion that it does not exclude a possibility of a supracultural pursuit of a consensus on how the planet ought to be governed to the benefit of all. 4 References. Adapted from the source document.

Henjak looks into the phenomenon of party competition by referring to the works of the proponents of the theory of rational choice, which does not presuppose close links between political entrepreneurs & social groups. Henjak tries to prove that party competition has its temporal dimension within which parties have different goals that depend on their competitive situation. Henjak goes on to prove that various models of the analysis of party competition are to a large extent linked with the original assumptions that determine their explanatory power. In conclusion, Henjak outlines the factors determining the choice of the goals & the strategies of party competition, especially the factor of party organization. 14 References. Adapted from the source document.

The paper analyzes the development of journalism from practice to theory & outlines the stages in the formation of the science of journalism or novitology. As an interdisciplinary, synthetic science, novitology connects everyday journalistic practice & meta-theoretical deliberations on the scope & the potential of journalism as a social function. While cogitating on the general tasks of journalism, the author focuses on the creation of news & its dissemination, fostering awareness of the methodological instruments, the moral dimensions of journalism, & modern media technology. All these chain-links should be connected in journalistic science; also, the relationships & inter-relations among universal, particular, & individual disciplines within the system of novitology should be analyzed by means of a systematic methodology. 12 References. Adapted from the source document.